3. • Immunization is one of the most beneficial and cost-effective
disease- prevention
measures available.
• Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a
specific disease.
• lmmunity can be induced either passively through administration
of antibody containing preparations or actively by administering a
vaccine or toxoid to stimulate the aimmune system to produce a
prolonged humoral and/or cellular immune response.
4. TYPES OF IMMUNITY
• NATURAL IMMUNITY:
a) Natural passive immunity: trans placental immunity from the
mother to the fetus.
b) Natural active immunity: Acquired immunity following infections
with certain organisms.
• Artificial IMMUNITY:
a) Artificial passive immunity: Antisera and immunoglobulins.
b) Artificial active immunity: Vaccination against diseases.
5.
6. Precautions /contraindications of vaccination
• Contraindications (conditions in a recipient that increases the risk for a serious
adverse reaction) and precautions to vaccination are conditions under which
vaccines should not be administered.
• Because the majority of contraindications and precautions are temporary,
vaccinations often can be administered later when the condition leading to
acontraindication or precaution no longer exists.
• A precaution is a condition in a recipient that might increase the risk for a serious
adverse reaction, might cause diagnostic confusion, or might compromise the ability
of the vaccine to produce immunity,
• The presence of a moderate or severe acute illness with or without a fever is a
precaution to administration of all vaccines.
• The decision to administer or delay vaccination because of a current or recent acute
illness depends on the severity of symptoms and etiology of the condition
11. • Now Hib vaccine is one of compulsory vaccinations.
Combined vaccine (DPT) : enhance efficacy - minimize the
number of infection.
• Systemic vaccines (Salk vaccine is a killed vaccine) - give
systemic response only - never to induce local immunity or
paralytic polio.
• Oral polio. Vaccine ; Prepared against 3 strains of poliovirus -
easy administration - low cost - no systemic or local reaction -
immunity as high as 95% starting few days after the vaccination
and of long lasting duration - lt provides both humoral
immunity and cellular immunity of the gut.
12.
13. • Dogs and cats are the main offenders. When the
offending animal is under observation, vaccination
can be withheld until the animal acts abnormally.
• On the other hand, if the biting animal ran away
after an unprovoked bite, immediate vaccination is
indicated.
