In recent years, nanoparticles that have size of 1-100 nm is widely used for textile, pharmacy,
cosmetic and treatment of industrial wastewater. Producing and using of nanoparticles widely, causes
important accumulation in nature and toxicity on ecosystem. Knowledge of potential toxicity of nanoparticles is
limited. In this study, six different nanoparticles nano-zinc oxide, nano-silicon dioxide, nano-cerium oxide,
nano-aluminum oxide, nano-hafnium oxide, and nano-tantalum oxide which used commonly, were studied to
investigate toxic impacts on organisms. We studied nine different acute toxicity test (bacteria – Escherichia coli
(gram negative bacteria) ; bacteria – Bacillus cereus (gram positive bacteria) ; bacteria – Vibrio fischeri
(bioluminescences bacteria) ; methane Archae Bacteria ; yeast – Candida albicans ; mold – Aspergillus niger ;
algae – Chlorella sp. ; Crustacea – Daphnia magna ; lepistes - Poecillia reticula) for the effect of
nanoparticles to different trophic levels. In general, the most toxic nanoparticle is nano-zinc oxide and the least
toxic nanoparticle is nano-hafnium oxide. Among the used organisms in acute toxicity test; the most sensitive
organism is algae - Chlorella sp ;the most resistant organism is fish- Poecillia reticula.
This document discusses various case studies of fouling issues in reverse osmosis plants. It examines cases where fouling was incorrectly diagnosed as biological when it was actually due to inorganic causes like aluminum or iron. It also explores the link between bacterial content and biofouling severity, finding no clear relationship. The document advocates avoiding chlorination and other chemical additions, and stresses keeping water flowing during shutdowns to prevent fouling issues.
Approaches for development of salt tolerant plantshahidJamal43
This document discusses approaches for developing salt tolerant plant varieties through genetic manipulation. It defines soil salinity and explains how salinity affects plant growth through osmotic and ion-specific effects. It describes the need to develop salt tolerant crops to support India's growing population on shrinking arable land. Genetic engineering tools like recombinant DNA technology can be used to isolate salt tolerance genes and introduce them into plant varieties to develop salt tolerance. Examples of salt tolerant rice, wheat, mustard and chickpea varieties developed in India through these methods are provided.
The document summarizes the main goals and research projects of the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory led by Dr. Victor de Lorenzo. The lab aims to understand how bacteria respond to environmental signals at the single cell and community levels. It also explores programming bacteria for bioremediation and biosensing applications. Current projects include developing genetic tools to mine biodegradative activities from metagenomes and evolving bacteria to detect explosives in landmines. The lab also works on refactoring metabolic pathways, applying synthetic biology to design arsenic sensing bacteria, and using machine learning to predict biodegradation.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the tolerance of various fungal strains isolated from soils irrigated with industrial wastewater in Faisalabad, Pakistan towards heavy metals chromium and lead. The study found that the growth rate of the fungal isolates decreased with increasing concentrations of chromium and lead. Some isolates were tolerant, some were moderately tolerant, and some were sensitive to the metal concentrations tested. The most tolerant isolates included some strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium. These tolerant isolates could potentially be used for bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites in the future.
Nanotechnology involves understanding and controlling matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, unique phenomena occur that enable novel applications in areas like electronics, materials, medicine, and the environment. Some key aspects of nanotechnology include fabricating and imaging nanostructures using techniques like lithography, self-assembly, and microscopy. Nanotechnology has significant potential to improve products and address challenges through more efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions.
Using low cost nanotechnology, CCT has developed passive water purification technology that can purify a contaminated river into certifiable clean drinking water affordable to the majority of the world's population.
In recent years, nanoparticles that have size of 1-100 nm is widely used for textile, pharmacy,
cosmetic and treatment of industrial wastewater. Producing and using of nanoparticles widely, causes
important accumulation in nature and toxicity on ecosystem. Knowledge of potential toxicity of nanoparticles is
limited. In this study, six different nanoparticles nano-zinc oxide, nano-silicon dioxide, nano-cerium oxide,
nano-aluminum oxide, nano-hafnium oxide, and nano-tantalum oxide which used commonly, were studied to
investigate toxic impacts on organisms. We studied nine different acute toxicity test (bacteria – Escherichia coli
(gram negative bacteria) ; bacteria – Bacillus cereus (gram positive bacteria) ; bacteria – Vibrio fischeri
(bioluminescences bacteria) ; methane Archae Bacteria ; yeast – Candida albicans ; mold – Aspergillus niger ;
algae – Chlorella sp. ; Crustacea – Daphnia magna ; lepistes - Poecillia reticula) for the effect of
nanoparticles to different trophic levels. In general, the most toxic nanoparticle is nano-zinc oxide and the least
toxic nanoparticle is nano-hafnium oxide. Among the used organisms in acute toxicity test; the most sensitive
organism is algae - Chlorella sp ;the most resistant organism is fish- Poecillia reticula.
This document discusses various case studies of fouling issues in reverse osmosis plants. It examines cases where fouling was incorrectly diagnosed as biological when it was actually due to inorganic causes like aluminum or iron. It also explores the link between bacterial content and biofouling severity, finding no clear relationship. The document advocates avoiding chlorination and other chemical additions, and stresses keeping water flowing during shutdowns to prevent fouling issues.
Approaches for development of salt tolerant plantshahidJamal43
This document discusses approaches for developing salt tolerant plant varieties through genetic manipulation. It defines soil salinity and explains how salinity affects plant growth through osmotic and ion-specific effects. It describes the need to develop salt tolerant crops to support India's growing population on shrinking arable land. Genetic engineering tools like recombinant DNA technology can be used to isolate salt tolerance genes and introduce them into plant varieties to develop salt tolerance. Examples of salt tolerant rice, wheat, mustard and chickpea varieties developed in India through these methods are provided.
The document summarizes the main goals and research projects of the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory led by Dr. Victor de Lorenzo. The lab aims to understand how bacteria respond to environmental signals at the single cell and community levels. It also explores programming bacteria for bioremediation and biosensing applications. Current projects include developing genetic tools to mine biodegradative activities from metagenomes and evolving bacteria to detect explosives in landmines. The lab also works on refactoring metabolic pathways, applying synthetic biology to design arsenic sensing bacteria, and using machine learning to predict biodegradation.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the tolerance of various fungal strains isolated from soils irrigated with industrial wastewater in Faisalabad, Pakistan towards heavy metals chromium and lead. The study found that the growth rate of the fungal isolates decreased with increasing concentrations of chromium and lead. Some isolates were tolerant, some were moderately tolerant, and some were sensitive to the metal concentrations tested. The most tolerant isolates included some strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium. These tolerant isolates could potentially be used for bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites in the future.
Nanotechnology involves understanding and controlling matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, unique phenomena occur that enable novel applications in areas like electronics, materials, medicine, and the environment. Some key aspects of nanotechnology include fabricating and imaging nanostructures using techniques like lithography, self-assembly, and microscopy. Nanotechnology has significant potential to improve products and address challenges through more efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions.
Using low cost nanotechnology, CCT has developed passive water purification technology that can purify a contaminated river into certifiable clean drinking water affordable to the majority of the world's population.
2.2 life cycle design strategies cortesi 10-11LeNS_slide
The document discusses several life cycle design criteria for sustainable product design:
1) Resources minimization aims to reduce the consumption of materials and energy throughout a product's life cycle.
2) Low impact resources selection involves choosing materials and energies with the lowest environmental impact considering toxicity and renewability.
3) Product lifespan optimization focuses on extending the useful lifespan of products through durability as well as intensifying product use.
4) Material lifespan extension makes materials last beyond a single product use through recycling, composting, or energy recovery.
5) Design for disassembly facilitates the separation of parts and materials for easier maintenance, repair, reuse, and recycling.
Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment using NanotechnologyAshish Kavaiya
If nanotechnology is to represent societal as well as technical progress, It will have to contribute to the solution of global problems such as water quality. Providing clean and affordable water to meet human needs is a grand challenge of the 21st century. Worldwide, water supply struggles to keep up with the fast growing demand, which is exacerbated by population growth, global climate change, and water quality deterioration. The need for technological innovation to enable integrated water management cannot be overstated. Nanotechnology holds great potential in advancing water and wastewater treatment to improve treatment efficiency as well as to augment water supply through safe use of unconventional water sources.
Given the importance of clean water to people in developed and developing countries, numerous organizations are considering the potential application of nanoscience to solve technical challenges associated with the removal of water contaminants. Technology developers and others claim that these technologies offer more effective, efficient, durable, and affordable approaches to removing specific types of pollutants from water. A range of water treatment
devices that incorporate nanotechnology are already on the market and others are in advanced stages of development. These nanotechnology applications include:
• Nanofiltration membranes, including desalination technologies;
• Attapulgite clay, zeolite, and polymer filters;
• Nanocatalysts;
• Magnetic nanoparticles; and
• Nanosensors for the detection of contaminants
1. Nanotechnology shows potential for improving water treatment through the use of nanomaterials for filtration, remediation, sensing, and disinfection. Various nanomaterials under research include carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers for filtration and zeolites, carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles for remediation.
2. While nanotechnology could address issues like water scarcity and quality, research is still needed to fully understand the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. More data is needed on their environmental and health impacts before large-scale use in water applications.
3. Overall, nanotechnology represents an emerging area that may lead to novel solutions for water treatment through the unique properties of nanomaterials. However, more
Water pollution and scarcity are increasingly pressing issues that could surpass concerns over oil. Nanotechnology offers a potential solution by enabling efficient removal of toxic contaminants from water. The document outlines various sources and health impacts of water pollution, as well as conventional treatment methods and their limitations. It then describes how scientists in India developed a nanotechnology-based treatment using nano-silica-silver composite that can purify water and remove pathogens simultaneously without chemicals. Nanoscale zero-valent iron is also discussed as another nanotechnology approach for heavy metal removal through redox, cementation, adsorption and precipitation processes.
IRJET- Bioremediation of Waste Water from Natural Rubber Processing PlantIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using bioremediation to treat wastewater from a natural rubber processing plant. Three bacterial species (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Lactobacillus sp.) were isolated from the plant's effluent and used individually and together in a consortium to degrade various pollutants in the wastewater over 15 days. Testing showed that the bacterial consortium was most effective at reducing levels of BOD, COD, total solids, and ammonia compared to using the individual bacteria species. Pseudomonas sp. performed best as an individual species, while Lactobacillus sp. showed the lowest efficiency. The consortium improved wastewater pH
OP13:Eco-friendly Measures to Control White Root Disease of Rubber in Lampung...CSM _BGBD biodiversity
The document discusses potential eco-friendly measures to control white root disease in rubber plantations in Lampung, Indonesia caused by Rigidoporus lignosus. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate antagonistic plants (Maranta arundinacea, Alpinia galanga, Sansevieria auranthii), Trichoderma species, organic matter, and natural sulfur. The experiments found that these measures, especially the antagonistic plants, significantly decreased white root incidence compared to the control and were comparable to Trichoderma in efficacy. The antagonistic plants also maintained high soil fungal diversity and abundance.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in green leafyAlexander Decker
This document analyzes heavy metal contamination in two leafy green vegetables, palak and coriander, grown in five areas of Bangalore, India that receive wastewater. Samples of the vegetables, soil, and water were tested for levels of copper, zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium, and manganese. Results found high levels of lead in both vegetables across all areas, exceeding safe limits. Zinc also exceeded limits in some areas. Chromium and cadmium were detected at some sites. The high metal levels found indicate contamination from automobile exhaust, pesticides, and industrial waste in the wastewater used for irrigation. Cytological studies on the plants showed chromosomal abnormalities, suggesting genetic effects from the
This document summarizes research on the induction of laccase gene expression in the white-rot fungus Trametes sp. I-62 by molasses wastewaters and melanoidins. The key findings are:
1) Molasses wastewaters and isolated melanoidins induced increased laccase activity and selective expression of the lcc1 and lcc2 laccase genes in fungal cultures.
2) The highest laccase activity and earliest induction of laccase genes occurred when cultures were exposed to complete molasses wastewater compared to isolated melanoidins.
3) Decolorization of molasses wastewater by the fungus closely correlated with increased laccase activity
Role of Microbes in Sewage Treatment, in Biogas production, as Biocontrol age...indranil chatterjee
The document discusses the roles of microbes in sewage treatment, biogas production, and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Microbes play key roles in breaking down waste in sewage treatment plants and converting organic materials into biogas through anaerobic digestion. They also act as natural enemies to control agricultural pests and help fertilize soils by fixing nitrogen and making nutrients available to plants.
The document discusses Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium that can cause foodborne illness. It is found in coastal waters worldwide and can cause gastroenteritis when consumed in raw or undercooked seafood. Key virulence factors include the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), which are encoded by the tdh and trh genes, respectively. Strains containing these genes are more likely to be pathogenic. The Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) refers to beta-hemolysis observed on specialized media and is correlated with TDH production and pathogenicity. Outbreaks have occurred globally but are especially common in Asia where
This document describes a process for treating selenium-containing wastewater using a hybrid fungal bioreactor system. The process involves adding mycelia, nutrients and chemicals to a bioreactor containing wastewater to remove selenium and form selenium nanoparticles. The wastewater is then treated in a second batch to remove zinc before the fungal pellets and nanoparticles are extracted and the treated wastewater is discharged. The extracted selenium nanoparticles can be used in applications such as semiconductors and optoelectronics.
This presentation outlines research on nano-enabled membranes for water and wastewater treatment. It discusses the global water crisis and factors contributing to it. It then introduces membrane technology and how nanomaterials can enhance membranes' performance. Several studies are summarized that developed membranes incorporating nanomaterials like iron-manganese binary oxides, TiO2, and graphene oxide to improve arsenic removal, photocatalytic degradation, and desalination, respectively. Challenges and opportunities for commercializing nano-enabled water treatment are addressed. The presentation concludes by highlighting some commercial products developed by the speaker's research center.
A study on the removal of metal ions by Eichhornia Crassipes Sooraj Garg
The document summarizes a study on using water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) to remove metal ions from water. It discusses the objectives of studying the plant's efficiency in removing metals and the effect of pH. It reviews literature on the plant's removal of metals like copper, cadmium, and chromium from over 90% within 25 days. The methodology discusses preparing synthetic wastewater with metals like iron, aluminum, copper and chromium at different pH levels and concentrations. Results show the plant removed over 90% of chromium at pH 4.5 but only 33-77% at other pH levels. Iron removal was 78-80% on average. The plant absorbed more iron than other metals.
This document reviews the applicability and design of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for wastewater treatment. It discusses how SBRs can be modified to treat different types of wastewater more efficiently than conventional activated sludge processes. The review finds that SBRs can effectively treat municipal, industrial, synthetic, and piggery wastewaters through various cycle phases and operating conditions. SBRs have been shown to achieve high removal rates of pollutants like biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, nutrients, and heavy metals from different wastewaters. The document examines several lab-scale and pilot-scale studies that demonstrate SBRs' treatment performance and ability to be optimized for different wastewater compositions.
The document discusses plant breeding strategies for increasing salt tolerance, chilling tolerance, and freezing tolerance in plants. It covers mechanisms of tolerance, classification of tolerance levels in different plant species, screening techniques, and strategies for breeding resistant varieties. Developing salt, chilling, and freezing tolerant crop varieties through plant breeding is a more effective and long-lasting approach than soil reclamation.
Effect of mineral acids on rooting response of aging mung bean (phaseolus aur...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the effect of sulfuric acid on the rooting response of fresh and aged mung bean cuttings. The study found that aged cuttings treated with 0.0001%, 0.001%, and 0.01% concentrations of sulfuric acid showed a significant increase in rooting response compared to the control. Aged cuttings that were aged in sulfuric acid solution for 3 days also showed a highly significant increase in rooting response when treated with the same concentrations. Higher concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% sulfuric acid resulted in a significant decrease in rooting response. The study also found that sulfuric acid treatment led to a significant increase in the level of the plant hormone ind
2008 - Molecular microbial and chemical investigation of the bioremediation o...WALEBUBLÉ
The document describes a study that used laboratory-scale bioreactors to investigate the biodegradation of two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) by its indigenous microbiota under different conditions. The effects of nutrient addition and aeration on bioremediation and microbial community changes were evaluated. Analysis found that nutrient addition and aeration led to greater decreases in polyphenolic content and increases in the fungal to bacterial ratio. Molecular identification of bacteria and fungi in the bioreactors identified several genera present, with fungi like Penicillium and Candida dominant.
Dissertation ppt biostimulation- a potential practice for wastewater treaat...Sumer Pankaj
Phycoremediation is a green technology that supports the direct use of living green microalgae for in situ, or in place removal, degradation, of contaminants in soils, sludge, sediments, surface water and ground waters by the mechanisms of bio-transformation, bio-accumulation, bio-concentration, bio-sparging.
It can be said by the current study that microalgae has a great potential for the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters as compared to the chemical treatments available commercially. Biological systems are much more efficient in cleaning the excess nutrients from the waste water followed by generation of valuable biomass which can be applied in the food, fertilizer, energy production as use of inorganic chemicals like lime and ferrous sulphate generates huge amount of sludge in textile industries, but on the other hand static anaerobic treatment using acclimatized MLSS gives better colour reduction with zero sludge generation. Microalgal cells can be used in free form to treat waste waters containing high C.O.D., high ammonical nitrogen and high TDS. It not only provides a better reduction of chemicals from wastewaters but it also helps to reduce the operational cost of ETP. Microalgaes not only helps to remediate industrial waste waters but also to treat sweage water and to restore natural water bodies like lakes and ponds. As they are active in remediating the chemicals but also it shows an antagonistic effect against some pathogenic germs like total coliforms and fecal coliforms.
These microalgal cells can also be combined with bacterial biomass of activated sludge process to develop an Algal-Bacterial consortium (ALBA) for better enhancement in the reduction of chemicals from the wastewaters as this symbiotic relation of algae and bacteria provides high satiability of the microalgae along with MLSS and faceable in terms of price and economy for instance the bacterial biomass provides carbon dioxide to algal cells for photosynthesis and in return the bacteria acquires oxygen from algae. The harvested biomass from the ETP’s can be used as bio-fertilizers as it consists of appropriate ratio of vital macro and micro nutrients like N,P,K etc. which enhance the growth of plantlets. It can also be used as aqua feeds for shrimps, fishes and molluscs. Furthermore these microlgal cells are non-toxic in the environment as it becomes a part of food chain and do not cause eutrophication. Therefore, micro-algal based treatment is most suitable for the treating the waste waters and restoring the natural water bodies as compared to other chemical treatments.
An investigation on heavy metal tolerance properties of bacteria isolated fro...AbdullaAlAsif1
The presence of high concentration of toxic heavy metals in industrial waste directly leads to contamination of receiving soil and water bodies and has deleterious impact on both human health and aquatic life. In the present study samples from textile mill effluent from different areas of Jessore city were analyzed for the identification and characterization of bacteria which shows tolerance to Copper, Mercury and Zinc. The bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of their morphological and physiological studies including size and shape of the organisms, arrangement of the cells, presence or absence of spores, regular or irregular forms, gram reaction, cultural characteristics, IMViC test, H 2S production, nitrate reduction, deep glucose agar test etc. All the bacterial isolates belonged to 3 genera Bacillus, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. All the gram positive isolates used in our study showed highest level of tolerance to Zn and moderate level of tolerance to Cu while gram negative isolates showed higher tolerance to Zn in comparison with Cu in nutrient broth. But all of the isolates showed almost no tolerance to Hg. So, our bacterial isolates have the probability to use in the treatment of industrial effluent containing heavy metals and thus pollution due to heavy metal can be controlled. The goal of this study was to identify heavy metal tolerant bacteria from the textile effluent. This kind of study is very significant for broader investigation to obtain data about metal tolerant bacteria considering their potential use for bioremediation and about the interactions between metals and bacteria.
Effect of Earthworm on Physicochemical Parameter of Domestic Greywater: A ReviewIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses how earthworms can help treat domestic greywater through the process of vermifiltration. Earthworm species like Eisenia fetida and their casts are effective at reducing various physicochemical parameters in greywater like BOD, COD, TDS, pH, and heavy metals.
2) Vermifiltration is a low-cost natural wastewater treatment method that uses earthworms and microorganisms to break down organic matter and remove contaminants from greywater without needing much space or energy. It can treat both urban and domestic wastewaters.
3) Studies show vermifiltration with earthworms like E. fetida can reduce
Endodontics is blessed with wide range of irrigants. Biomehcanical peparation of root canal system is not only based on shaping the dentinal walls but also on the biological debridement of the canal and periapical region. Irrigation dynamics is the key behind the every successful root canal procedure.
2.2 life cycle design strategies cortesi 10-11LeNS_slide
The document discusses several life cycle design criteria for sustainable product design:
1) Resources minimization aims to reduce the consumption of materials and energy throughout a product's life cycle.
2) Low impact resources selection involves choosing materials and energies with the lowest environmental impact considering toxicity and renewability.
3) Product lifespan optimization focuses on extending the useful lifespan of products through durability as well as intensifying product use.
4) Material lifespan extension makes materials last beyond a single product use through recycling, composting, or energy recovery.
5) Design for disassembly facilitates the separation of parts and materials for easier maintenance, repair, reuse, and recycling.
Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment using NanotechnologyAshish Kavaiya
If nanotechnology is to represent societal as well as technical progress, It will have to contribute to the solution of global problems such as water quality. Providing clean and affordable water to meet human needs is a grand challenge of the 21st century. Worldwide, water supply struggles to keep up with the fast growing demand, which is exacerbated by population growth, global climate change, and water quality deterioration. The need for technological innovation to enable integrated water management cannot be overstated. Nanotechnology holds great potential in advancing water and wastewater treatment to improve treatment efficiency as well as to augment water supply through safe use of unconventional water sources.
Given the importance of clean water to people in developed and developing countries, numerous organizations are considering the potential application of nanoscience to solve technical challenges associated with the removal of water contaminants. Technology developers and others claim that these technologies offer more effective, efficient, durable, and affordable approaches to removing specific types of pollutants from water. A range of water treatment
devices that incorporate nanotechnology are already on the market and others are in advanced stages of development. These nanotechnology applications include:
• Nanofiltration membranes, including desalination technologies;
• Attapulgite clay, zeolite, and polymer filters;
• Nanocatalysts;
• Magnetic nanoparticles; and
• Nanosensors for the detection of contaminants
1. Nanotechnology shows potential for improving water treatment through the use of nanomaterials for filtration, remediation, sensing, and disinfection. Various nanomaterials under research include carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers for filtration and zeolites, carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles for remediation.
2. While nanotechnology could address issues like water scarcity and quality, research is still needed to fully understand the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. More data is needed on their environmental and health impacts before large-scale use in water applications.
3. Overall, nanotechnology represents an emerging area that may lead to novel solutions for water treatment through the unique properties of nanomaterials. However, more
Water pollution and scarcity are increasingly pressing issues that could surpass concerns over oil. Nanotechnology offers a potential solution by enabling efficient removal of toxic contaminants from water. The document outlines various sources and health impacts of water pollution, as well as conventional treatment methods and their limitations. It then describes how scientists in India developed a nanotechnology-based treatment using nano-silica-silver composite that can purify water and remove pathogens simultaneously without chemicals. Nanoscale zero-valent iron is also discussed as another nanotechnology approach for heavy metal removal through redox, cementation, adsorption and precipitation processes.
IRJET- Bioremediation of Waste Water from Natural Rubber Processing PlantIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using bioremediation to treat wastewater from a natural rubber processing plant. Three bacterial species (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Lactobacillus sp.) were isolated from the plant's effluent and used individually and together in a consortium to degrade various pollutants in the wastewater over 15 days. Testing showed that the bacterial consortium was most effective at reducing levels of BOD, COD, total solids, and ammonia compared to using the individual bacteria species. Pseudomonas sp. performed best as an individual species, while Lactobacillus sp. showed the lowest efficiency. The consortium improved wastewater pH
OP13:Eco-friendly Measures to Control White Root Disease of Rubber in Lampung...CSM _BGBD biodiversity
The document discusses potential eco-friendly measures to control white root disease in rubber plantations in Lampung, Indonesia caused by Rigidoporus lignosus. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate antagonistic plants (Maranta arundinacea, Alpinia galanga, Sansevieria auranthii), Trichoderma species, organic matter, and natural sulfur. The experiments found that these measures, especially the antagonistic plants, significantly decreased white root incidence compared to the control and were comparable to Trichoderma in efficacy. The antagonistic plants also maintained high soil fungal diversity and abundance.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in green leafyAlexander Decker
This document analyzes heavy metal contamination in two leafy green vegetables, palak and coriander, grown in five areas of Bangalore, India that receive wastewater. Samples of the vegetables, soil, and water were tested for levels of copper, zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium, and manganese. Results found high levels of lead in both vegetables across all areas, exceeding safe limits. Zinc also exceeded limits in some areas. Chromium and cadmium were detected at some sites. The high metal levels found indicate contamination from automobile exhaust, pesticides, and industrial waste in the wastewater used for irrigation. Cytological studies on the plants showed chromosomal abnormalities, suggesting genetic effects from the
This document summarizes research on the induction of laccase gene expression in the white-rot fungus Trametes sp. I-62 by molasses wastewaters and melanoidins. The key findings are:
1) Molasses wastewaters and isolated melanoidins induced increased laccase activity and selective expression of the lcc1 and lcc2 laccase genes in fungal cultures.
2) The highest laccase activity and earliest induction of laccase genes occurred when cultures were exposed to complete molasses wastewater compared to isolated melanoidins.
3) Decolorization of molasses wastewater by the fungus closely correlated with increased laccase activity
Role of Microbes in Sewage Treatment, in Biogas production, as Biocontrol age...indranil chatterjee
The document discusses the roles of microbes in sewage treatment, biogas production, and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Microbes play key roles in breaking down waste in sewage treatment plants and converting organic materials into biogas through anaerobic digestion. They also act as natural enemies to control agricultural pests and help fertilize soils by fixing nitrogen and making nutrients available to plants.
The document discusses Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium that can cause foodborne illness. It is found in coastal waters worldwide and can cause gastroenteritis when consumed in raw or undercooked seafood. Key virulence factors include the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), which are encoded by the tdh and trh genes, respectively. Strains containing these genes are more likely to be pathogenic. The Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) refers to beta-hemolysis observed on specialized media and is correlated with TDH production and pathogenicity. Outbreaks have occurred globally but are especially common in Asia where
This document describes a process for treating selenium-containing wastewater using a hybrid fungal bioreactor system. The process involves adding mycelia, nutrients and chemicals to a bioreactor containing wastewater to remove selenium and form selenium nanoparticles. The wastewater is then treated in a second batch to remove zinc before the fungal pellets and nanoparticles are extracted and the treated wastewater is discharged. The extracted selenium nanoparticles can be used in applications such as semiconductors and optoelectronics.
This presentation outlines research on nano-enabled membranes for water and wastewater treatment. It discusses the global water crisis and factors contributing to it. It then introduces membrane technology and how nanomaterials can enhance membranes' performance. Several studies are summarized that developed membranes incorporating nanomaterials like iron-manganese binary oxides, TiO2, and graphene oxide to improve arsenic removal, photocatalytic degradation, and desalination, respectively. Challenges and opportunities for commercializing nano-enabled water treatment are addressed. The presentation concludes by highlighting some commercial products developed by the speaker's research center.
A study on the removal of metal ions by Eichhornia Crassipes Sooraj Garg
The document summarizes a study on using water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) to remove metal ions from water. It discusses the objectives of studying the plant's efficiency in removing metals and the effect of pH. It reviews literature on the plant's removal of metals like copper, cadmium, and chromium from over 90% within 25 days. The methodology discusses preparing synthetic wastewater with metals like iron, aluminum, copper and chromium at different pH levels and concentrations. Results show the plant removed over 90% of chromium at pH 4.5 but only 33-77% at other pH levels. Iron removal was 78-80% on average. The plant absorbed more iron than other metals.
This document reviews the applicability and design of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for wastewater treatment. It discusses how SBRs can be modified to treat different types of wastewater more efficiently than conventional activated sludge processes. The review finds that SBRs can effectively treat municipal, industrial, synthetic, and piggery wastewaters through various cycle phases and operating conditions. SBRs have been shown to achieve high removal rates of pollutants like biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, nutrients, and heavy metals from different wastewaters. The document examines several lab-scale and pilot-scale studies that demonstrate SBRs' treatment performance and ability to be optimized for different wastewater compositions.
The document discusses plant breeding strategies for increasing salt tolerance, chilling tolerance, and freezing tolerance in plants. It covers mechanisms of tolerance, classification of tolerance levels in different plant species, screening techniques, and strategies for breeding resistant varieties. Developing salt, chilling, and freezing tolerant crop varieties through plant breeding is a more effective and long-lasting approach than soil reclamation.
Effect of mineral acids on rooting response of aging mung bean (phaseolus aur...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the effect of sulfuric acid on the rooting response of fresh and aged mung bean cuttings. The study found that aged cuttings treated with 0.0001%, 0.001%, and 0.01% concentrations of sulfuric acid showed a significant increase in rooting response compared to the control. Aged cuttings that were aged in sulfuric acid solution for 3 days also showed a highly significant increase in rooting response when treated with the same concentrations. Higher concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% sulfuric acid resulted in a significant decrease in rooting response. The study also found that sulfuric acid treatment led to a significant increase in the level of the plant hormone ind
2008 - Molecular microbial and chemical investigation of the bioremediation o...WALEBUBLÉ
The document describes a study that used laboratory-scale bioreactors to investigate the biodegradation of two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) by its indigenous microbiota under different conditions. The effects of nutrient addition and aeration on bioremediation and microbial community changes were evaluated. Analysis found that nutrient addition and aeration led to greater decreases in polyphenolic content and increases in the fungal to bacterial ratio. Molecular identification of bacteria and fungi in the bioreactors identified several genera present, with fungi like Penicillium and Candida dominant.
Dissertation ppt biostimulation- a potential practice for wastewater treaat...Sumer Pankaj
Phycoremediation is a green technology that supports the direct use of living green microalgae for in situ, or in place removal, degradation, of contaminants in soils, sludge, sediments, surface water and ground waters by the mechanisms of bio-transformation, bio-accumulation, bio-concentration, bio-sparging.
It can be said by the current study that microalgae has a great potential for the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters as compared to the chemical treatments available commercially. Biological systems are much more efficient in cleaning the excess nutrients from the waste water followed by generation of valuable biomass which can be applied in the food, fertilizer, energy production as use of inorganic chemicals like lime and ferrous sulphate generates huge amount of sludge in textile industries, but on the other hand static anaerobic treatment using acclimatized MLSS gives better colour reduction with zero sludge generation. Microalgal cells can be used in free form to treat waste waters containing high C.O.D., high ammonical nitrogen and high TDS. It not only provides a better reduction of chemicals from wastewaters but it also helps to reduce the operational cost of ETP. Microalgaes not only helps to remediate industrial waste waters but also to treat sweage water and to restore natural water bodies like lakes and ponds. As they are active in remediating the chemicals but also it shows an antagonistic effect against some pathogenic germs like total coliforms and fecal coliforms.
These microalgal cells can also be combined with bacterial biomass of activated sludge process to develop an Algal-Bacterial consortium (ALBA) for better enhancement in the reduction of chemicals from the wastewaters as this symbiotic relation of algae and bacteria provides high satiability of the microalgae along with MLSS and faceable in terms of price and economy for instance the bacterial biomass provides carbon dioxide to algal cells for photosynthesis and in return the bacteria acquires oxygen from algae. The harvested biomass from the ETP’s can be used as bio-fertilizers as it consists of appropriate ratio of vital macro and micro nutrients like N,P,K etc. which enhance the growth of plantlets. It can also be used as aqua feeds for shrimps, fishes and molluscs. Furthermore these microlgal cells are non-toxic in the environment as it becomes a part of food chain and do not cause eutrophication. Therefore, micro-algal based treatment is most suitable for the treating the waste waters and restoring the natural water bodies as compared to other chemical treatments.
An investigation on heavy metal tolerance properties of bacteria isolated fro...AbdullaAlAsif1
The presence of high concentration of toxic heavy metals in industrial waste directly leads to contamination of receiving soil and water bodies and has deleterious impact on both human health and aquatic life. In the present study samples from textile mill effluent from different areas of Jessore city were analyzed for the identification and characterization of bacteria which shows tolerance to Copper, Mercury and Zinc. The bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of their morphological and physiological studies including size and shape of the organisms, arrangement of the cells, presence or absence of spores, regular or irregular forms, gram reaction, cultural characteristics, IMViC test, H 2S production, nitrate reduction, deep glucose agar test etc. All the bacterial isolates belonged to 3 genera Bacillus, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. All the gram positive isolates used in our study showed highest level of tolerance to Zn and moderate level of tolerance to Cu while gram negative isolates showed higher tolerance to Zn in comparison with Cu in nutrient broth. But all of the isolates showed almost no tolerance to Hg. So, our bacterial isolates have the probability to use in the treatment of industrial effluent containing heavy metals and thus pollution due to heavy metal can be controlled. The goal of this study was to identify heavy metal tolerant bacteria from the textile effluent. This kind of study is very significant for broader investigation to obtain data about metal tolerant bacteria considering their potential use for bioremediation and about the interactions between metals and bacteria.
Effect of Earthworm on Physicochemical Parameter of Domestic Greywater: A ReviewIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses how earthworms can help treat domestic greywater through the process of vermifiltration. Earthworm species like Eisenia fetida and their casts are effective at reducing various physicochemical parameters in greywater like BOD, COD, TDS, pH, and heavy metals.
2) Vermifiltration is a low-cost natural wastewater treatment method that uses earthworms and microorganisms to break down organic matter and remove contaminants from greywater without needing much space or energy. It can treat both urban and domestic wastewaters.
3) Studies show vermifiltration with earthworms like E. fetida can reduce
Endodontics is blessed with wide range of irrigants. Biomehcanical peparation of root canal system is not only based on shaping the dentinal walls but also on the biological debridement of the canal and periapical region. Irrigation dynamics is the key behind the every successful root canal procedure.
Multidrug resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from domestic and tannery w...iosrjce
The objective of this study was to screen for the microorganisms in the domestic wastes and tannery
effluents and characterize it’s antibiogram to know the prevalence of resistant pathogens. A total of 109 isolates
of 16 different genera were isolated from 38 samples by aerobic culture method. Fourteen and ninety-five
isolates were obtained from six domestic wastes and 32 tannery waste samples, respectively. The isolates
belonged to the genus Micrococcus (18.3%), Alcaligens (15.6%), Staphylococcus (11.0%), Enterobacter (4.6%),
Shigella (14.7%), Klebsiella (6.4%), Haemophilus (4.6%), Citrobacter (3.7%), Actinobacillus (3.7%),
Escherichia (4.6%), Corynebacterium (4.6%) and others (8.2%). It was interesting to notice that most of the
isolates were Gram-negative bacillus (63.3%) and few were Gram-positive cocci (36.7%). Pathogenic
microorganisms from domestic wastes and tannery effluents have been identified and reported. Most of the
isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, nitrofurontoin and cefixime. Levofloxacin and
imipenem were effective against 108 (99.5%) of the isolates. Multi drug resistance was observed in most of the
isolates. Some isolates were found in both domestic and tannery waste samples, but their antibiotic resistance
patterns were not similar. Serratia spp. and two Bacillus spp. with different antibiogram pattern were found only in tannery waste samples. The significant number of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant (MAR) bacteria was observed in both the samples. Human infections caused by these bacteria could be difficult to treat with available drugs.
RACI 2014 National Congress for ChemistryAhmed Hassan
The document summarizes the Royal Australian Chemical Institute's 2014 National Congress held in Adelaide, Australia from December 7-12, 2014. Over 1000 delegates attended, including many students and early career scientists. There were over 550 oral presentations and 250 poster presentations organized across 7 themes: synthetic chemistry, fundamental interactions in chemistry, advanced materials, chemical health and safety, chemistry in health, chemical analysis and sensing, and community engagement. Specific presentations are summarized under the advanced materials theme, including research on using graphene for water treatment and semiconductor applications.
Shalaby2021 article green_synthesis of recyclable iron nanoparticlesHalaYassinElKassas
This research article describes the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (SP-IONPs) using the microalgae Spirulina platensis for removing cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. The SP-IONPs were characterized using various techniques. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption performance of the SP-IONPs for removing crystal violet and methyl orange dyes under different parameters. The SP-IONPs showed maximum sorption capacities of 256.4 mg/g and 270.2 mg/g for crystal violet and methyl orange, respectively, fitting well with the Langmuir model. The kinetics followed pseudo-second order kinetics and thermodynamics showed the process was endothermic. The
This document discusses phytoremediation, which uses plants to remove contaminants from soil, water, or sediment. It describes various phytoremediation processes like phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, and phytotransformation. Case studies examine using water hyacinth and duckweed to remove heavy metals like cadmium and zinc from wastewater. While low-cost and environmentally friendly, phytoremediation has disadvantages like slow cleanup times and potential for contaminants to enter the food chain. Overall, phytoremediation can play a role in remediating contaminated sites in an ecological and sustainable manner.
Phytoremediation of industrial effluent and Reduction of physicochemical para...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study on using two aquatic weeds - Eichornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes - to treat industrial effluent and reduce physio-chemical parameters in pond water. The weeds were placed in troughs containing pond water or industrial effluent for 48, 72, and 96 hours. Both weeds significantly reduced parameters like EC, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, sulfates, and phosphates compared to the control, with E. crassipes generally performing better. Maximum reductions were seen after 96 hours of treatment. The weeds were concluded to be a simple, safe and cost-effective form of biological treatment for industrial and pond
The document outlines 12 principles of green chemistry, beginning with a brief history of environmental protection efforts leading to the development of green chemistry. It then details each of the 12 principles, which focus on preventing waste, maximizing atom economy in chemical processes, designing safer chemicals and chemical processes, encouraging renewable resources and energy efficiency, and enabling chemical reactions and processes to be less hazardous. The principles provide a framework for chemists to consider the environmental impacts of their work.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. There are two main types - in situ treats pollutants on site, while ex situ removes pollutants to off-site facilities. Examples of in situ techniques include bioventing, biosparging, and in situ biodegradation which supply oxygen and nutrients to stimulate bacteria. Ex situ methods include slurry and aqueous reactors which process contaminated materials in a contained system. Bioremediation can degrade pollutants like copper but has limitations such as environmental constraints and long treatment time.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TOWARDS WATER WASTE MANAGEMENT saadmughal1271
This document discusses various biotechnological approaches for wastewater treatment, including engineered biosorbents for heavy metal removal, displaying metal binding peptides on microorganisms, and designing strains for enhanced biodegradation. It describes common wastewater treatment processes like the trickling filter, activated sludge process, and anaerobic digestion. Finally, it discusses using these biotechnological methods to treat wastewater from textile and desiccated coconut industries.
Cashew nut processing industry waste water treatmentVishnu Raj
This document discusses the treatment of waste water from the cashew nut processing industry in India. It provides background on the industry and production levels in India. It then describes the sources and characteristics of the wastewater, which contains toxic cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) that is difficult to treat using conventional biological methods. The document reviews various treatment alternatives that have been studied including aerobic reactors with fungal inoculums, bioaugmentation with specific microorganisms, and enzymatic bioremediation approaches. It concludes that biological remediation technologies show promise for treating this type of wastewater but further optimization is needed given the recalcitrant nature of some CNSL components.
Bioremediation is a pollution control technology that utilizes microbes such as bacteria,fungi,yeast,algae and some plants. Bioremediation could be employed for the treatment of various industrial effluent.
This document summarizes a study on using the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) to treat tannery effluent through phytoremediation. The study involved collecting tannery effluent samples, analyzing their physicochemical properties, treating the effluent with water hyacinth for 20 days, and re-analyzing the treated effluent. Key findings were that the water hyacinth significantly reduced parameters like pH, TDS, BOD, COD, and improved the overall quality of the effluent, demonstrating its potential for low-cost, effective phytoremediation of tannery wastewater.
Isolation and characterization of zinc resistant bacteria from a coil coating...Joshua Owolabi
This study isolated and characterized zinc-resistant bacteria from the wastewater treatment plant of a coil coating industrial facility in Nigeria. Ten zinc-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from treated wastewater samples on nutrient agar supplemented with zinc sulphate, and identified as species of Bacillus, Micrococcus, Serratia, Proteus, Aeromonas, and Citrobacter. Further testing showed that eight isolates were resistant to zinc concentrations of 6 mM and above. Four isolates also exhibited resistance to lead. Most isolates (70%) were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The zinc-resistant bacteria isolated could potentially be used to bioremediate zinc and lead contamination.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document outlines the objectives, units, teaching scheme, and reference material for an elective course on industrial waste treatment. The key topics covered include sources and characterization of industrial wastewater, various in-plant waste reduction methods, water quality monitoring, stream classification, sludge disposal, treatment flow diagrams, major industry wastewater treatment, and water pollution control acts and standards. The course aims to provide a thorough understanding of industrial wastewater generation and basic knowledge of treatment options and legislation. Site visits to various industries are included in the term work.
Contarelli porque es necesario usar adecuadamente los antimicrobianosmicrobiologia100
Este documento discute la importancia del uso adecuado de los antimicrobianos y las consecuencias del uso inapropiado. Resalta que factores como la automedicación, la falta de adherencia al tratamiento, los conocimientos médicos limitados y la presión de pacientes pueden conducir a un uso excesivo que genera resistencia antimicrobiana, efectos adversos y otros problemas. También enfatiza la necesidad de programas de control de infecciones y uso adecuado de antimicrobianos en hospitales.
Contarelli porque es necesario usar adecuadamente los antimicrobianosmicrobiologia100
El documento discute el uso adecuado de antimicrobianos, destacando la importancia de minimizar el uso innecesario para prevenir la resistencia a antibióticos. Señala factores que influyen en el uso como percepciones erróneas de pacientes y médicos, automedicación, falta de adherencia al tratamiento, y uso excesivo en agricultura y hospitales.
Este documento evalúa los aceites esenciales de laurel (Laurus nobilis), calaminta (Calamintha officinalis) y salvia morada (Lippia alba) para controlar la ascosferosis o cría yesificada en colmenas de abejas melíferas causada por el hongo Ascosphaera apis. Los resultados mostraron que C. officinalis tuvo la mayor actividad inhibitoria sobre A. apis in vitro y fue atóxica para abejas adultas y larvas, por lo que es promisoria para el control de esta enfermed
Este documento discute el uso de animales de laboratorio en la industria farmacéutica. Explica que los animales son necesarios para probar la seguridad y eficacia de nuevos medicamentos antes de su uso en humanos, aunque también plantea dilemas éticos. Se mencionan alternativas como cultivos celulares, pero se argumenta que los animales aún son necesarios. El documento también cubre temas como la elección de especies, la estandarización de animales de laboratorio y las regulaciones internacionales para el cuidado de los animales.
Este documento resume una presentación sobre nuevas tecnologías para la inactivación microbiana. Describe varios factores emergentes no térmicos para la preservación de alimentos como altas presiones hidrostáticas, ultrasonido, pulsos eléctricos, luz UV y sanitizantes. Explica cómo estos factores afectan la cinética de inactivación microbiana y discute consideraciones como el tipo de microorganismo, agente, matriz alimentaria y estado planctónico vs. biofilms. El documento también cubre el modelado matemático de curvas
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1. CENTENARIO DE LA CREACIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS
EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA
1912 – 2012
V JORNADAS DE MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA, INDUSTRIAL Y AMBIENTAL
DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES
La Plata, Prov. de Buenos Aires 8, 9 y 10 de octubre de 2012
Carrera de Microbiología Clínica e Industrial
Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias. UNLP.
BIOFILMS EN DIFERENTES INDUSTRIAS. ALTERNATIVAS PARA SU
CONTROL
Guiamet Patricia
INIFTA, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CCT La Plata - CONICET. CC
16, Suc. 4 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET.
pguiamet@inifta.unlp.edu.ar
2. Reuniones relevantes ( + de 70)
■ First Workshop Argentine-USA (CONICET-NSF)
on Biodeterioration of Materials, INIFTA, La Plata,
1984.
3. ■ Dahlem Conference on the Structure and
Functions of Biofilms, Berlin, Germany, 1988.
“Redox/metal dissolution in biofilms”
H.A.Videla.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. Medio
Productos
Ausencia de O2
corrosivos
Zona
anaeróbica
Cátodo pH Cátodo
Ánodo Metal
13.
14.
15. “Fungal contaminants of jet fuels”. (1995).
H.A.Videla, P.S.Guiamet, E.H.Reinoso.
Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 9 (A. Bousher, N.
Chaudne, R. G. Edyvean, ed.), p. 615-620.
" Activity of isothiozolone biocide against Hormoconis resinae in pure and mixed
biofilms". (1996).
P.S.Guiamet and C.C.Gaylarde.
World Journal Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vol.12, p. 395-397.
" Microbiological Spoilage of Aqueous Based Surface Coatings".
(1996).
P.S.Guiamet and H.A.Videla,
Corrosion Reviews, Vol. 14, (1-2), p.47-57.
16. “Antifouling effects of two satured copper coating applied on carbon
Panel de cobre - Panel testigostructures" (2008) de cobre )
steel (sin cubierta
Guiamet P., Gómez de Saravia S.
Revista Metalurgia 44 (5): 398-405 (ISSN 0034-8570)
17. Understanding biocorrosion in practical cases of
different industrial systems
Patricia Guiamet., Paola Lavin, Mónica Zapponi,
Sandra Gómez de Saravia
18. The aims are a) to present several case studies of MIC found in three plants of extraction and
secondary oil recovery by water injection, due to operating problems. Plants are located in the
provinces of Neuquén (systems 1 and 2) and Mendoza (system 3) b) to suggest possible
solutions for these problems.
19. System 1
• SRB concentration up to 100 times higher than the maximum value of 10 4,
generating then H2S.
• The most important problem was connected with the use of a non oxidizing
biocide (acrolein). It was started with two patching per week of 1100 ppm, each of
them during one hour.
• At the end of 2004 a dispersant plus biocide was used. Pressure increased so
much that serious damages occurred in the system.
• Some 15m3/hr. of fresh water from the Colorado river enter to the water
treatment system into the washing tank. This could be a source of nutrients for the
SRB.
20. System 2
• SRB (1015 mo/mL) were obtained. These high values observed in different
systems are frequently due to staff dismissals caused by socioeconomic problems
or to operators working without the suitable training.
•Tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulphate (THPS) was applied.
There are high H2S concentrations of genetic and microbiological origin.
•The treatment of water to be reinjected is not very effective.
BRS PIAS
•There are too much solids. 16
14
12
10
cal
do
s 8
6
4
2
0
Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago
Ent. Planta Sda. Planta Pozo Iny, o Colector
21. System 3
• Blockage of the wells by solids (> 40% per year). The well blockage causes a
significant injection pressure increase.
• There is a generalized problem of corrosion in the valves.
• The processes of the plant are not automatic . It is an operator who regulates the
pumps and do other operations manually, so the smallest periods of concentrations is
enough to cause problems.
• There are high concentrations of sulphides would be deposited on the pipes.
• Biocides used were glutaraldehyde, acrolein and others.
22. ALTERNATIVAS PARA SU CONTROL
“An innovative method for preventing
biocorrosion through microbial adhesion
inhibition”. (1999).
P.S.Guiamet, S.G.Gomez de Saravia and
• Productos Naturales H.A.Videla.
International Biodeterioration &
Biodegradation,43 (1-2), 31-35.
“ The antimicrobial activity of an aqueous extract of
Brassica nigra “. Gómez de Saravia S. G.and Gaylarde
C.C. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation
41 (1998) 145-148
Cichorium intybusCentaurea cyanus
• Productos Químicos
" Activity of isothiozolone biocide against
Hormoconis resinae in pure and mixed biofilms".
(1996).
P.S.Guiamet and C.C.Gaylarde.
World Journal Microbiology & Biotechnology,
Vol.12, p. 395-397.
23. Global solution proposal for problems of the systems 1, 2 and 3
∗ Service of microbiological management of the systems and a set of
consultancies and specific services.
∗ To collect, organize and display all the information related with microorganisms,
as a tool for monitoring, controlling and preventing the bacteria presence in the oil
systems.
∗ To train the operators and responsible staff of the plants in order to decrease at
the maximum operational mistakes
∗ Theoretical and practical courses on biofouling, biofilms and biocorrosion issues
will be provided to the operators.
∗ Collecting qualitative-quantitative data from planktonic and sessile bacteria
producing biofilms of the systems.
∗ Monitoring through sampling devices
∗ To propose the use of the suitable biocides according to studies performed by
authorized staff.
24. Conclusiones
Bacterias heterotróficas Potencial riesgo
mesófilas aeróbicas de biocorrosión
Bacterias productoras de ácido
Bacterias sulfato reductoras
Bacterias reductoras de sulfito
Bajos valores de pH Riesgo de
corrosión
inorgánica
Altas concentraciones de
cloruros y sulfatos en el lixiviado
25. Plan de seguimiento a largo
plazo…
Estudios Estudios
fisicoquímicos microbiológicos
EVITAR PARADAS DE PLANTA,
RECAMBIO DE PIEZAS Y PÉRDIDAS
ECONÓMICAS SIGNIFICATIVAS
26. Equipo
• Dra. Patricia Guiamet
• Dra. Sandra Gómez
de Saravia
• Lic. Patricia Battistoni
• Lic. Paola Lavin