The document discusses using concept inventories and interactive simulations to improve student understanding of electrical circuits. It describes developing a 20-question concept inventory to assess common misconceptions about AC and DC circuits. Students scored only 55-65% correct even after instruction. The author then created an animated circuit simulation to provide dynamic feedback as students explored circuit behavior in real-time. Students using the simulation showed significant gains in understanding temporal circuit concepts. Future work involves contrasting cases and combining strategies to help students distinguish between key circuit concepts.