Ischemic colitis is the most common form of intestinal ischemia. It manifests as a spectrum of injury from transient self-limited ischemia involving the mucosa and submucosa to acute fulminant ischemia with transmural infarction that may progress to necrosis and death. Although there are a variety of causes, the most common mechanism is an acute, self-limited compromise in intestinal blood flow.
Imaging of blunt abdominal trauma (focusing on introduction, imaging approach and general CT findings, splenic and liver injuries imaging findings specifically). Even though it mainly focuses on CT the role of other imaging modalities including contrast enhanced ultrasound in blunt abdominal trauma is also included.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Ischemic colitis is the most common form of intestinal ischemia. It manifests as a spectrum of injury from transient self-limited ischemia involving the mucosa and submucosa to acute fulminant ischemia with transmural infarction that may progress to necrosis and death. Although there are a variety of causes, the most common mechanism is an acute, self-limited compromise in intestinal blood flow.
Imaging of blunt abdominal trauma (focusing on introduction, imaging approach and general CT findings, splenic and liver injuries imaging findings specifically). Even though it mainly focuses on CT the role of other imaging modalities including contrast enhanced ultrasound in blunt abdominal trauma is also included.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
3. MECHANISM OF INJURY
• Direct impact or movement of organs
• Compressive , stretching or shearing forces
• Solid organs > Blood loss
• Hollow organs > Blood loss
• Retroperitoneal > often asymptomatic
7. VECTORS OF FORCE
• RIGHT SIDED MIDLINE LEFT
SIDED
RIGHT HEPATIC LOBE LEFT HEPATIC LOBE SPLEEN
RIGHT KIDNEY PANCREATIC BODY LEFT
KIDNEY
DIAPHRAGM PANCREATIC HEAD AORTA
DIAPHRAGM
DUODENUM TRANSVERSE COLON
PANCREATIC TAIL
IVC DUODENUM
SMALL BOWEL
8. HOW TO SCAN
• Patient placed in supine position
• Low frequency curvilinear probe
• Transducer marker
• Longitudinal ---- Towards head
• Transverse – To patient right
13. FLUID IN PELVIS
• PELVIS : Longitudinally and transverse axis
• Probe placed – transversely than longitudinally
• Midline 2 cm superior to the symphysis pubis
• Aimed –caudally into the pelvis
• Probe facing towards the patients head and right side
• Best with some urine in bladder
• Evaluating : Bladder , uterus in females , Prostate in male
19. CATEGORY B
• HEMODYANAMICALLY STABLE
-MILD TO MODERATE RESPONSIVE HYPOTENSION
-SIGNIFICANT TRAUMA AND HAVE AT –LEAST MODERATE SUSPICION OF
INTRABDOMINAL INJURY BASED ON CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
-THESE PATIENTS SHOULD BE EVALUATED BY IMAGING
20. HEMODYANAMIC STABILITY?
• UNSTABLE ---
• INVESTIGATION AVAILIBILITY
--- FAST : FREE FLUID ::--- CONTINUE RESUSCITATION
----DPL --- BLOOD --- YES---- LAPROTOMY
SIGNIFICANT TRAUMA AND HAVE At least moderate suspicion of intra-abdominal
injury based on clinical signs and symptoms .These patients should be evaluated by
imaging
24. PERISPLENIC WINDOW
• TRANSDUCER IS PLACED
• TRANSDUCER is positioned in left posterior axillary line with the beam in the
coronal plane .Demonstrates spleen , kidney and diaphragm
28. MORAVELLE LAVELLE LESSON
Typically these lesions are anechoic or hypoechoic. As with a standard
hematoma, it can be predominantly echogenic in the acute phase, becoming
more hypoechoic as blood products liquefy over time 11. Internal debris,
including fat globules, can give rise to echogenic foci or even fluid-fluid
levels 1. A capsule of variable thickness may be seen. The shape may range
from flat to mass-like.
29.
30. •lacerations that involve a hepatic vein are associated with increased risk of arterial injury and need
for operative management 8
•although not an injury, periportal edema can be seen associated with liver injuries as patients with
higher-grade injuries will have received aggressive fluid resuscitation
•lacerations that extend to the porta hepatis increase the risk of bile duct injuries, particularly delayed
biliary complications 8
39. SYMPTOMS OF RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT
PATHOLOGY
•Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the upper
right portion of your abdomen.
•Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the center
of your abdomen, just below your breastbone.
•Back pain between your shoulder blades.
•Pain in your right shoulder.
•Nausea or vomiting
42. SYMPTOMS OF BLADDER INJRY
•Lower abdominal pain.
•Abdominal tenderness.
•Bruising at the site of injury.
•Blood in the urine.
•Bloody urethral discharge.
•Difficulty beginning to urinate or inability to empty the bladder.
•Leakage of urine.
•Painful urination