The document discusses the legacy and lessons learned from the Vietnam War. It outlines the human and financial costs of the war to both the US and Vietnam. Key lessons identified include that the US public will not tolerate long wars with increasing casualties; clear entry and exit strategies are needed; military power alone cannot overcome an enemy's will to fight; the importance of understanding a region's culture and history; and the need for effective communication and accurate portrayals of war. The document questions why the US lost in Vietnam, why communism was chosen, and broader impacts on trust in government and foreign policy.

1. The Legacy and Lessons Learned
http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/
2004/02/05_fogofwar.shtml

2. The Costs of the War
• 58,000 U.S. Soldiers K.I.A.
• 300,000 U.S. wounded
• over 2,000 M.I.A.
• 2 mil. Vietnamese K.I.A.
• U.S. spent $150 billion
• PTSD, drug/alcohol abuse

3. Vietnam Memorial a.k.a.
“The Wall”

8. Modern Impact on Politics
• Mistrust of the government
• LBJ, Gulf of Tonkin, Nixon, domino theory
• Impact on political elections
• immigration connection

9. Lessons Learned
• U.S. public will not tolerate long wars
• impact of time + casualties
• need for clear intro and “outro” strategies
• establish clear goals
1964: Gulf of Tonkin
1968: Tet Offensive
“I'm not going to be the first American president to
lose a war.” Richard Nixon (1969)

10. Lessons Learned
• Military power does not triumph over will
• 7,000,000 tons of bombs dropped on Vietnam
or one 500 lb bomb for every person in the
country
“Tell the Vietnamese they've got to draw in their horns or
we're going to bomb them back into the Stone Age.”
--Gen. Curtis LeMay (1964)

11. Lessons Learned
• U.S. gov. will try to control images/stories
• ex. imbeds in Iraq War; coffin pictures
• Importance of web, cable and satellite TV

12. Lessons Learned
• Know the pre-history and culture of the
region BEFORE getting involved
• communicate--Ho Chi Minh letters
• different understanding of time
• standards of living

13. Lessons Learned
• Watch out for nationalism and racism
“It's silly talking about how many years we will have to spend in
the jungles of Vietnam when we could pave the whole country
and put parking stripes on it and still be home for Christmas.”--
Ronald Reagan (1965)

14. Long-term Questions
• Why did the U.S. lose the Vietnam conflict?
• Why would the Vietnamese choose communism?
• Will we ever be able to trust our leaders?
• How does the U.S. view the world?
• What is the purpose of U.S. foreign policy?