Useful phrases for academic writing
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The following phrases can be used in your essays. They were approved by professional writers and are recommended to be used. More advice are in this article https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/useful-phrases-for-academic-writing
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What is writing?
Writing is a complex process that allows writers to explore ideas and thoughts. It involves concretizing sentences and thinking in the language being written. Writing styles can be technical, factual, and objective, or creative, imaginative, and subjective. The writing process involves pre-writing like identifying topics, gathering research, and outlining; writing a first draft; revising through adding, rearranging, removing, and replacing content; editing for clarity, grammar, and style; and publishing. Key aspects of writing include understanding purpose, audience, and structure, and using clear, correct, concise, and complete language.
Introductory Paragraphs
This introduction begins with an interesting fact about George Washington and Thomas Jefferson growing hemp as a cash crop. It then provides background on the medical uses of marijuana. While some argue that marijuana leads to harder drugs, studies show it can relieve pain and reduce PTSD symptoms. Recent election results show changing attitudes as more states legalize marijuana either medically or recreationally. In the end, the US should legalize recreational marijuana at the federal level with restrictions similar to alcohol in order to reduce crime and overcrowding in jails.
Writing Introductions
This document provides guidance on writing an effective introductory paragraph. It explains that the intro paragraph should grab the reader's attention with a hook, transition to a thesis statement that summarizes the main points, and be written in a specific order. It then offers examples of different types of hooks, including personal examples, quotations, facts/statistics, questions, and current events. The document stresses that the hook should be relevant to the thesis and come from a credible source.
Expository Paragraph
An expository paragraph is a mode of writing that is used to inform, explain, describe, or define a subject for the reader. Examples of expository texts include textbooks, encyclopedias, scientific books and journals, atlases, directions, guides, biographies, and newspapers. There are several types of expository paragraphs, including listing/description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem-solution. Strategies for reading expository texts include marking and highlighting, questioning, clarifying, visualizing, predicting, and using graphic organizers.
Discursive Essays
This document defines and provides guidance on writing discursive essays. It explains that discursive essays discuss an issue, solution, or problem through presenting different viewpoints. There are three main types: for and against essays which discuss both sides of an issue; opinion essays which present the writer's view and an opposing view; and essays suggesting solutions to problems which analyze issues and potential solutions. The document provides tips for structuring and writing discursive essays effectively.
Phrases in academic writing
This document provides a list of useful phrases for academic writing organized into categories such as introduction, making a point, emphasis markers, citing research, and conclusion. Some example phrases include "this essay will deal with...", "it is clear/noticeable that...", "research has shown that...", and "to conclude,...". The document aims to improve academic writing structure and style by suggesting words and phrases to incorporate.
Concluding sentences
This document discusses concluding sentences for paragraphs. It explains that the last sentence of each paragraph should be a concluding sentence that ends the paragraph smoothly. It provides examples of things that can be done in a concluding sentence, such as giving advice, writing about the future, giving an opinion, or summarizing the main ideas. The document also lists optional signal words that can be used to indicate to the reader that the concluding sentence is ending the paragraph.
Discursive essay
The document provides information on discursive and argumentative essays. It notes that a discursive essay presents a balanced examination of a subject, while an argumentative essay presents the advantages and disadvantages of a subject to both educate and persuade the reader. Each essay type has a distinct structure and style. The document concludes by listing references used in its compilation.
Recommended
What is writing?
Writing is a complex process that allows writers to explore ideas and thoughts. It involves concretizing sentences and thinking in the language being written. Writing styles can be technical, factual, and objective, or creative, imaginative, and subjective. The writing process involves pre-writing like identifying topics, gathering research, and outlining; writing a first draft; revising through adding, rearranging, removing, and replacing content; editing for clarity, grammar, and style; and publishing. Key aspects of writing include understanding purpose, audience, and structure, and using clear, correct, concise, and complete language.
Introductory Paragraphs
This introduction begins with an interesting fact about George Washington and Thomas Jefferson growing hemp as a cash crop. It then provides background on the medical uses of marijuana. While some argue that marijuana leads to harder drugs, studies show it can relieve pain and reduce PTSD symptoms. Recent election results show changing attitudes as more states legalize marijuana either medically or recreationally. In the end, the US should legalize recreational marijuana at the federal level with restrictions similar to alcohol in order to reduce crime and overcrowding in jails.
Writing Introductions
This document provides guidance on writing an effective introductory paragraph. It explains that the intro paragraph should grab the reader's attention with a hook, transition to a thesis statement that summarizes the main points, and be written in a specific order. It then offers examples of different types of hooks, including personal examples, quotations, facts/statistics, questions, and current events. The document stresses that the hook should be relevant to the thesis and come from a credible source.
Expository Paragraph
An expository paragraph is a mode of writing that is used to inform, explain, describe, or define a subject for the reader. Examples of expository texts include textbooks, encyclopedias, scientific books and journals, atlases, directions, guides, biographies, and newspapers. There are several types of expository paragraphs, including listing/description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem-solution. Strategies for reading expository texts include marking and highlighting, questioning, clarifying, visualizing, predicting, and using graphic organizers.
Discursive Essays
This document defines and provides guidance on writing discursive essays. It explains that discursive essays discuss an issue, solution, or problem through presenting different viewpoints. There are three main types: for and against essays which discuss both sides of an issue; opinion essays which present the writer's view and an opposing view; and essays suggesting solutions to problems which analyze issues and potential solutions. The document provides tips for structuring and writing discursive essays effectively.
Phrases in academic writing
This document provides a list of useful phrases for academic writing organized into categories such as introduction, making a point, emphasis markers, citing research, and conclusion. Some example phrases include "this essay will deal with...", "it is clear/noticeable that...", "research has shown that...", and "to conclude,...". The document aims to improve academic writing structure and style by suggesting words and phrases to incorporate.
Concluding sentences
This document discusses concluding sentences for paragraphs. It explains that the last sentence of each paragraph should be a concluding sentence that ends the paragraph smoothly. It provides examples of things that can be done in a concluding sentence, such as giving advice, writing about the future, giving an opinion, or summarizing the main ideas. The document also lists optional signal words that can be used to indicate to the reader that the concluding sentence is ending the paragraph.
Discursive essay
The document provides information on discursive and argumentative essays. It notes that a discursive essay presents a balanced examination of a subject, while an argumentative essay presents the advantages and disadvantages of a subject to both educate and persuade the reader. Each essay type has a distinct structure and style. The document concludes by listing references used in its compilation.
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The document discusses vocabulary words that are useful for the IELTS exam. It provides over 50 words along with their part of speech, definitions, synonyms, collocations and example sentences. For each word, the document clearly defines the word, provides how it is used in context, and related words to help understand the vocabulary in more depth.
Proposal writing
The document provides guidance on how to write an effective proposal. It explains that a proposal aims to convince the reader to approve new ideas or plans. It should outline the objectives, details, and steps or course of action, and persuade the reader that the plans are worth undertaking. The document recommends using a formal tone, clear language, transition words, and future tense to convey positivity about results. It also provides tips on proposal format, including addressing the recipient, introducing and summarizing the plan, elaborating ideas in paragraphs, and concluding with a summary to make one final appeal to the reader.
Topic Sentences
This document provides guidance on writing topic sentences to structure paragraphs. It defines a topic sentence as the first sentence of a paragraph that conveys the single main idea and relates back to the overall thesis. Good topic sentences state the one thing that will be discussed in the paragraph and how it connects to a point in the thesis. The document demonstrates how to write topic sentences by taking a sample thesis with three points and generating a topic sentence for each body paragraph. It emphasizes using topic sentences to focus paragraphs and transition words to link ideas between paragraphs. Finally, it prompts practicing writing topic sentences for a sample thesis.
reasons for bad writing skills
The document discusses reasons for poor writing skills and ways to improve writing ability. It identifies several common causes of weak writing such as grammar mistakes, poor handwriting, inability to explain topics clearly, and writing how people speak in text messages. It emphasizes the importance of planning before writing, focusing on communicating the intended message to readers, and revising writing to clarify meaning. Developing strong writing skills is important for business and professional success.
Paragraph Skills
A paragraph contains sentences organized around a central topic or main idea. It includes a topic sentence stating the main idea, supporting sentences that provide details and explanation, and concluding sentences that summarize. Proper paragraph structure ensures unity, order, coherence, and completeness. Well-written paragraphs are the building blocks of formal writing.
Short report writing
A short report provides concise information on a topic in an organized manner. It communicates operational details within an organization to keep employees informed and ensure work is progressing as planned. A short report typically includes a title page, abstract or summary, introduction, background, discussion, conclusion, and recommendations sections. It uses a simple format and style to communicate key facts in a clear and direct manner.
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Sentence structure
This document discusses sentence structure and the four main types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. It defines what makes a sentence versus a sentence fragment or run-on sentence. A simple sentence contains one independent clause, a compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses joined by a conjunction, a complex sentence contains one independent clause and one subordinate clause, and a compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and one subordinate clause. Examples of each sentence type are provided.
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paraphrasing
This document provides instruction on how to properly paraphrase sources in academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as borrowing ideas, language, or phrases from another text and rewriting them in one's own words. The document outlines when paraphrasing is appropriate and how to correctly cite paraphrased information. It also highlights common mistakes made by students when paraphrasing, such as mirroring the source's sentence structure or failing to cite paraphrased content. Examples of both correct and incorrect paraphrasing are included along with activities for students to practice the skill.
Six pre writing steps
The document outlines six pre-writing steps to help plan and organize writing. The steps are to: 1) Think carefully about the topic question and how to answer it; 2) Write notes to the questions; 3) Collect relevant facts; 4) Write down your own ideas on why the topic is interesting and important; 5) Identify the main idea; 6) Organize supporting facts and ideas to develop the main idea.
previewing and predicting
Previewing involves examining a book's cover, title, and other external elements to make educated guesses about its contents before reading. The aims of previewing are to help predict what will be discussed and process information more quickly. Effective previewing can save time and improve comprehension by providing context and ideas about what will be read.
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IELTS Task 2 Agree or Disagree Lesson
This document provides guidance on how to structure and write an opinion essay for the IELTS Writing Task 2 question that asks "To what extent do you agree or disagree?". It outlines the typical introduction, body paragraph, and conclusion structures and includes examples of how to state an opinion, generate ideas, write supporting paragraphs with topic sentences, explanations, examples and concession sentences, and conclude by summarizing the key points and making a prediction. The document uses sample questions and outlines the entire process for crafting an effective opinion essay response to this very common IELTS task.
Argumentative essays writing
An argumentative essay presents a claim and supports it with evidence from sources. It should take a clear stance on an issue that can be supported, such as whether selling marijuana in public places should be illegal. The essay includes an explanation of the issue, a thesis statement stating the stance, a summary of opposing arguments, rebuttals to those arguments, and arguments supporting the stance. Key elements are explaining the issue, a clear thesis, summarizing opposing views, rebutting them, and making your own argument.
Critical Thinking
The document discusses the importance of teaching critical thinking skills to students. It provides examples of famous people like Einstein, Beethoven, and Edison who struggled in traditional education but excelled in creative and critical thinking. The document defines critical thinking as processing information to solve problems, make decisions, and anticipate the future. It recommends teaching critical thinking by asking open-ended questions, connecting lessons to student experience, and encouraging group work and problem solving.
What is academic writing
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This document provides guidance on paraphrasing sources to avoid plagiarism for researchers and postgraduate students. It outlines why paraphrasing is important in academic writing, how to properly paraphrase a source, and general functions and notes for academic writing such as introducing work, describing methods, reporting results, and writing conclusions. The document also discusses devices for being cautious and critical in academic writing.
Discussion phrases guide 7th ed.
This document provides guidance on writing the discussion section of a research paper. The discussion section is where the author evaluates and interprets the results, draws conclusions, and discusses the significance and limitations of the study. It recommends using the present tense and evaluating the results in the context of previous research and hypotheses. Sample phrases are given to summarize results, link findings to past research, discuss implications, limitations, and directions for future work. The discussion should close by reiterating the study's contributions and importance.
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Note taking for university students
This document provides guidance on effective note taking techniques for university students. It discusses 8 key aspects of note taking: 1) what note taking is, 2) why it's important, 3) the note taking process, 4) what to do before, during and after lectures, 5) common techniques like outlining and patterns, 6) what information to include, 7) using symbols and abbreviations, and 8) evaluating notes. The document recommends preparing before lectures, focusing on writing down important concepts and details in an organized way like outlining, and reviewing notes after class.
Ielts general vocabulary
The document discusses vocabulary words that are useful for the IELTS exam. It provides over 50 words along with their part of speech, definitions, synonyms, collocations and example sentences. For each word, the document clearly defines the word, provides how it is used in context, and related words to help understand the vocabulary in more depth.
Proposal writing
The document provides guidance on how to write an effective proposal. It explains that a proposal aims to convince the reader to approve new ideas or plans. It should outline the objectives, details, and steps or course of action, and persuade the reader that the plans are worth undertaking. The document recommends using a formal tone, clear language, transition words, and future tense to convey positivity about results. It also provides tips on proposal format, including addressing the recipient, introducing and summarizing the plan, elaborating ideas in paragraphs, and concluding with a summary to make one final appeal to the reader.
Topic Sentences
This document provides guidance on writing topic sentences to structure paragraphs. It defines a topic sentence as the first sentence of a paragraph that conveys the single main idea and relates back to the overall thesis. Good topic sentences state the one thing that will be discussed in the paragraph and how it connects to a point in the thesis. The document demonstrates how to write topic sentences by taking a sample thesis with three points and generating a topic sentence for each body paragraph. It emphasizes using topic sentences to focus paragraphs and transition words to link ideas between paragraphs. Finally, it prompts practicing writing topic sentences for a sample thesis.
reasons for bad writing skills
The document discusses reasons for poor writing skills and ways to improve writing ability. It identifies several common causes of weak writing such as grammar mistakes, poor handwriting, inability to explain topics clearly, and writing how people speak in text messages. It emphasizes the importance of planning before writing, focusing on communicating the intended message to readers, and revising writing to clarify meaning. Developing strong writing skills is important for business and professional success.
Paragraph Skills
A paragraph contains sentences organized around a central topic or main idea. It includes a topic sentence stating the main idea, supporting sentences that provide details and explanation, and concluding sentences that summarize. Proper paragraph structure ensures unity, order, coherence, and completeness. Well-written paragraphs are the building blocks of formal writing.
Short report writing
A short report provides concise information on a topic in an organized manner. It communicates operational details within an organization to keep employees informed and ensure work is progressing as planned. A short report typically includes a title page, abstract or summary, introduction, background, discussion, conclusion, and recommendations sections. It uses a simple format and style to communicate key facts in a clear and direct manner.
Introduction to parliamentary debate
This document provides an introduction to parliamentary debate. It outlines the basic formats, including the British and Asian styles. It describes the roles and speaking order of the prime minister, leader of opposition, and other speakers on both sides. It also defines key terms like definitions, rebuttals, and points of information. Motions can be open, semi-closed, or closed and abbreviations are used to indicate the stance. The roles, timing, and essential elements of an effective speech are explained.
Presentation on "Email writing skills"
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Structure of Debate
This document provides guidance on how to approach a debate as a theatrical performance with different roles. It outlines the structure as a 3 act play with construction and cross-examination in Act 1, rebuttal in Act 2, and rejoinder in Act 3. Each role is described, including tips for success. General advice is given around rehearsal, body language, vocal delivery, and avoiding common pitfalls. The overall message is that debate requires preparation, rehearsal, and embracing the performance aspects of each role.
Sentence structure
This document discusses sentence structure and the four main types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. It defines what makes a sentence versus a sentence fragment or run-on sentence. A simple sentence contains one independent clause, a compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses joined by a conjunction, a complex sentence contains one independent clause and one subordinate clause, and a compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and one subordinate clause. Examples of each sentence type are provided.
Lecture - Rhetorical Analysis
This document provides an overview of rhetorical analysis and its key components. It defines rhetoric as persuasive communication and examines an author's audience, purpose, genre, argument components like claims and evidence, and types of evidence. The document instructs readers to analyze how an argument is made through its rhetorical elements, not just the topic itself.
paraphrasing
This document provides instruction on how to properly paraphrase sources in academic writing. It defines paraphrasing as borrowing ideas, language, or phrases from another text and rewriting them in one's own words. The document outlines when paraphrasing is appropriate and how to correctly cite paraphrased information. It also highlights common mistakes made by students when paraphrasing, such as mirroring the source's sentence structure or failing to cite paraphrased content. Examples of both correct and incorrect paraphrasing are included along with activities for students to practice the skill.
Six pre writing steps
The document outlines six pre-writing steps to help plan and organize writing. The steps are to: 1) Think carefully about the topic question and how to answer it; 2) Write notes to the questions; 3) Collect relevant facts; 4) Write down your own ideas on why the topic is interesting and important; 5) Identify the main idea; 6) Organize supporting facts and ideas to develop the main idea.
previewing and predicting
Previewing involves examining a book's cover, title, and other external elements to make educated guesses about its contents before reading. The aims of previewing are to help predict what will be discussed and process information more quickly. Effective previewing can save time and improve comprehension by providing context and ideas about what will be read.
Pre-writing: Getting Ready to Write
Before you begin writing, you decide what you are going to write about.
Then you plan what you are going to write.
This process is called pre-writing.
IELTS Task 2 Agree or Disagree Lesson
This document provides guidance on how to structure and write an opinion essay for the IELTS Writing Task 2 question that asks "To what extent do you agree or disagree?". It outlines the typical introduction, body paragraph, and conclusion structures and includes examples of how to state an opinion, generate ideas, write supporting paragraphs with topic sentences, explanations, examples and concession sentences, and conclude by summarizing the key points and making a prediction. The document uses sample questions and outlines the entire process for crafting an effective opinion essay response to this very common IELTS task.
Argumentative essays writing
An argumentative essay presents a claim and supports it with evidence from sources. It should take a clear stance on an issue that can be supported, such as whether selling marijuana in public places should be illegal. The essay includes an explanation of the issue, a thesis statement stating the stance, a summary of opposing arguments, rebuttals to those arguments, and arguments supporting the stance. Key elements are explaining the issue, a clear thesis, summarizing opposing views, rebutting them, and making your own argument.
Critical Thinking
The document discusses the importance of teaching critical thinking skills to students. It provides examples of famous people like Einstein, Beethoven, and Edison who struggled in traditional education but excelled in creative and critical thinking. The document defines critical thinking as processing information to solve problems, make decisions, and anticipate the future. It recommends teaching critical thinking by asking open-ended questions, connecting lessons to student experience, and encouraging group work and problem solving.
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Syllabus
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- 1. Useful Phrases for Academic Writing created by Essay-Academy.com
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