The document provides information about several early indigenous groups that inhabited areas that are now part of the United States and Mexico. It discusses the Cherokee people and their spiritual traditions, physical characteristics, and settlements along riverbanks in the Southeast. It also describes the Cheyenne tribes of the Great Plains, their economy based on hunting bison and gathering wild rice, and their traditional religious beliefs. Finally, it summarizes the Olmec civilization as the first major culture in Mexico, known for their colossal stone heads and jade figurines, located in the tropical lowlands of southern Mexico.

1. TEMA: PRIMEROS
POBLADORES
Members :
Miguel Ángel Hernández Cruz – 1573027
Samuel Gerardo Varela Angles –
Yair Azael Aguilar Herrera – 1652330
Diana Iveth Rodríguez Sanchez – 1646497
Mario Reyes De Leon –
Miguel Marín Salinas Sánchez - 1528313
Date: 12/08/13

2. CHEROQUIS / CHEROKEE
‘’ THOSE LIVING IN THE MOUNTAINS’’
-UNITED STATES POBLATED-
Their ability to survive is due
in part to its unique features
that has allowed it to adapt to
changes without losing their
cultural identity.

3. CHEROQUIS / CHEROKEE
Some physical characteristics
include high cheekbones, nose
curve, reddish brown skin and
thick black hair. The almond-
shaped eyes and strong look are
characteristic of these Indians.

4. CHEROQUIS / CHEROKEE
They live in permanent settlements along riverbanks, farmed
and hunted in the wild.
The Cherokee people believed that decisions affecting the
whole tribe must be agreed and discussed as a group. The
Cherokee treat each other with respect and believe that evil
deeds are always punished, so they are very careful to avoid
perform.

5. c
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 The Cherokee people have always been
intensely spiritual. A traditional way to
start the day is to look to the east and to
thank the seven directions: the four
cardinal directions, as well as up, down,
center and the place where the individual
exists.

6.  Numbers play an important role in their
religion, particularly the fourth and seven,
which are associated with directions and the
number of traditional Cherokee tribes.
Seven is the highest number of spiritual
attainment.

7.  These Indians believed that of all the
animals on Earth, only the owl and
cougar had attained this level are highly
regarded by the Cherokee.

8.  The circle is sacred in the religion of
these tribes and many of the religious
dances include circular motions, but not
all Cherokee practice their traditional
religion.

9. The first pilgrims who came to
the United States of America
came from England.
These pilgrims left England on
a ship called the
"Mayflower"(Flor de mayo)

10. The Pilgrims believed they had to form
communities that met more with the divine
requirements. So committed to a life based
on the Bible and a relationship with God.
At first they suffered much but were helped to survive by native Indians.
Without the help of these people Indians, perhaps the first pilgrims had died.

11. After the first harvest, the
pilgrims along with the
native Indians celebrated
the fruits of their labor by
a celebration to date is still
celebrated. This holiday is
known as "Action to give
thanks."
(THANKSGIVING).

12. FIRST SETTLERS IN USA
The Cheyenne People

13. WHO ARE THE CHEYENNE PEOPLE?
 Are an indigenous people of the Great Plains, belonging to the Algonquian language–
speaking people.
 Cheyenne are made up of two Native American ethnic groupds, the Só'taeo'o (more
commonly spelled as Suhtai or Sutaio) and the Tsétsêhéstâhese (also spelled Tsitsistas).
 These tribes merged in the early 19th century. Today Cheyenne people are split into
two federally recognized groups: Southern Cheyenne, who are enrolled in the Cheyenne
and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma, and the Northern Cheyenne, who are enrolled in the
Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation in Montana.

15. WHAT DOES A CHEYENNE
LOOK LIKE?
X ✔

16. CHARACTERISTICS.
Cheyenne Girl, photograph
by Edward S. Curtis, 1930
Language.
Speak the Cheyenne Language, known as
Tsisinstsistots. The Cheyenne alphabet contains 14
letters. The Cheyenne language is one of the larger
Algonquian language group.
The First Trace: mid-17 century, when a group of
Cheyenne visited the French Fort Crevecoeur, near
present-day Chicago, Illinois.

17. MORE CHARACTERISTICS.
Economy.
The Cheyenne economy was based on collection of wild rice and hunting,
especially of bison which lived in the prairies 70–80 miles west of the
Cheyenne villages.
Religion.
The beliefs of the Cheyenne Indians begins with the myth of Maheo.
The Cheyenne Indians believe in a peaceful way of life. They live by the
teachings of Motzeyout, commonly known as “Sweet Medicine”
They have three rites, Renewal of Sacred Arrows, Animal dance and the
Sun Dance.

18. QUALITIES…
The Mounted Warrior.
The horse, who came to this area around 1750, helped them to become one of
the largest tribes of western plains making them experts buffalo hunters and
great warriors.
Oral Tradition, Pacifism and Political
Organization.
Their oral history relays how the prophet Sweet Medicine organized their war
societies, their system of legal justice, and the Council of Fourty-Four chiefs.
The ten bands have four leaders each, and the Council of Forty-Four meet to
deliberate at regular tribal gatherings, centered around the Sun Dance.

19. CULTURAL HERITAGE…
Save the Culture.
Currently there is a social program that helps to preserve the cultural
heritage of the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.
The Website says:
The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Culture and Heritage Program is
responsible for the policies and programs that promote tribal content,
foster cultural participation, active citizenship within the tribe and
participation in traditional tribal life. We encourage youth participation and
endeavor to strengthen connections among the tribal community
worldwide. We also provide education on our traditions to the surrounding
communities.
Cheyenne and Arapho tribes
, website

20. CULTURAL HERITAGE…
Save the Culture.
A few of the activities the Culture and Heritage program include
• Cultural Dance/Traditional Dance
• Traditional Singing of Cheyenne and Arapaho Songs
• Pow-Wows
• Horse Culture, Management, Horseback riding/trail riding and
parade participation with tribal representation
• Buffalo Cultural, Management and Educational Activities
• Traditional Running Events, Sand Creek Run and the Buffalo Run
• Language Activities, Traditional Arts, Language Immersion Camps,
Workshops
• Annual Tribal Council Meetings
Traditional Dance.

21. Features :
• It was a civilization of Mesoamerica.
• Great scientists.
• They used astrology and architecture to build his pyramid.
• Much of the population was dedicated to agricultural days, so proper
clothing used to the conditions, and the social level depended clothing.
• There were family houses where they lived parents and adopted children
who old or young members of the family or outside it.
• The woman had high positions in society and some were rulers.
‘’ Mayan culture’’

22. QUALITIES
• The importance of the cycles of
time
• Tracking the cycles of time, with its
consequences in existence through
calendrical management is an essential part
of the Mayan culture. As authorities were
killed Maya populations, managing
calendars rested with the common people
began to omit essential aspects for accuracy.
This process began at different times in
different populations, according to the
progress of conquest, producing different
calendrical distortions in each region.
• The end of a great cycle
• Since then humanity went through
a period of profound change due to
the completion of several large cycles
of time, corresponding to several
Mayan calendars. This era will have
its focal point the final December 21,
2012, when 5200 ends a cycle of
tunes (tun = 360 days),
approximately 5125 years solar.

23. CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE MAYA.
The Maya, discoverers of ZERO, astronomical
observers, science and knowledge are to this day
considered by NASA.
Not just a building (the Castle of Chichen Itza) is
of immense value, the cultural heritage of the
Maya covers the entire central region of the
Americas. At least in Yucatan there are 3 major
cities built by the Maya (Mayapan, Uxmal and
Chichen Itza).

24. AZTECS
Features:
-The Aztec economy was based on the cultivation of the land, ie
agriculture.
-The main crops are corn, snuff, chilies, fruit and agave.
Qualities:
-The Aztecs used the culture system known as chinampas,
and with this system had land to water. They were made as
follows: four stakes ahuehuete dug in wetlands, forming a
rectangle. I filled with rods and strips of grass and covered
with mud, rooting cuttings and retained land on the edges.
The absorbed chinampa lake water and sludge compost was
used, in this way several times a year planted.

25. ECONOMIC
ORGANIZATION
 The economy was prosperous. First, their control over other peoples have allowed labor
intensive. The Aztec economic organization was governed by the "Calpulli" which was a
group of families, which were assigned an amount of land to work it and the production was
divided among the families, the state, the chief priests and Calpulli . Moreover, the collection
of tribute did the Aztecs they had abundant raw materials and products.

26. LEGACY OF THE AZTECS
-The Aztec calendar is a great heritage a sign of a very
advanced culture.
-The chinampa is an invention Aztec is to create an artificial
island and beat well ground water.
-The pyramids pointing angle around the sun.

27. c

28. THE
OLMECS

29. OLMECS
 The Olmec were the first major
civilization in Mexico. They lived in the
tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in
the modern-day states of Veracruz and
Tabasco.

30.  The most familiar aspect of the Olmecs is
their artwork, particularly the aptly named
“colossal heads". The Olmec civilization was
first defined through artifacts which collectors
purchased on the pre-Columbian art market in
the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Olmec artworks are considered among ancient
America's most striking.

31. PRE-COLUMBIAN ART.

32.  The Olmecs produced jade figurines,
and created heavy-featured, colossal
heads, up to 2 meters (8 ft) high, that still
stand mysteriously in the landscape. The
Mesoamerican tradition of building large
ceremonial centres appears to have
begun under the Olmecs.

33. COLOSSAL HEADS
 The Olmec colossal heads are at least seventeen monumental stone representations of
human heads sculpted from large basalt boulders. The heads date from at least before 900 BC
and are a distinctive feature of the Olmec civilization of ancient Mesoamerica.

34.  All portray mature men with fleshy cheeks, flat noses, and slightly crossed eyes; their
physical characteristics correspond to a type that is still common among the inhabitants of
Tabasco and Veracruz.

35.  The boulders were brought from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas mountains of Veracruz. Given
that the extremely large slabs of stone used in their production were transported over large
distances, requiring a great deal of human effort and resources, it is thought that the
monuments re present portraits of powerful individual Olmec rulers.

37.  Each of the known examples has a distinctive headdress. The heads were variously
arranged in lines or groups at major Olmec centres, but the method and logistics used to
transport the stone to these sites remain unclear.

38. OLMEC HEARTLAND.
 The Olmec heartland is the southern portion of Mexico's Gulf Coast region between the
Tuxtla mountains and the Olmec archaeological site of La Venta, extending roughly 80 km
(50 mi) inland from the Gulf of Mexico coastline at its deepest. It is today, as it was during
the height of the Olmec civilization, a tropical lowland forest environment, crossed by
meandering rivers.

39.  The major heartland sites are:
• San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán
• La Venta
• Tres Zapotes
• Laguna de los Cerros - the least researched and least important of the major sites.
 Smaller sites include:
• El Manatí, an Olmec sacrificial bog.
• El Azuzul, on the southern edge of the San Lorenzo area.
• San Andrés, near La Venta.