The document provides an overview of major desalination projects and trends in California. It discusses the recently completed Carlsbad Desalination Project, the largest desalination plant in the Western Hemisphere, as well as proposed projects in the Bay Area, Monterey Peninsula, Huntington Beach, Santa Cruz, and Sand City. Regulatory hurdles and the high energy costs associated with desalination in California are also mentioned.
The water and wastewater infrastructure in the United States faces serious challenges and is in need of significant investment and innovation. Current systems are outdated, inefficient, and fail to utilize resources like water and energy. This presents opportunities for more sustainable solutions that optimize water usage, reduce costs, and generate value from waste products. New decentralized and natural treatment approaches are gaining ground and have the potential to transform the industry. The addressable market for sustainable water solutions in the US is estimated to grow from $4 billion currently to over $15 billion by 2020.
The Hidden Danger of Failing Water InfrastructureDaniel Guest
America’s water infrastructure is in a state of crisis. Both our water and our wastewater pipeline systems are in disrepair. In fact, the American Society for Civil Engineers (“ASCE”), a preeminent, respected authority on structural systems reliability and maintenance management, grades the condition of today’s drinking water infrastructure a D. What is more, the ASCE also gives the score of D to our wastewater infrastructure. A “D” is not a good place to be.
This document summarizes a presentation about managing water-related risks and opportunities from a business perspective. It discusses how high public expectations around water issues create both risks and opportunities for companies. An integrated water management approach is presented as a framework for considering not just a company's needs but also stakeholder and environmental interests. Key risks and opportunities related to water access, reputation, regulation, and efficiency are outlined. Examples of how risks and opportunities vary across business sectors are provided. The document concludes with an overview of tools and frameworks that can help with integrated water management assessments.
The document discusses the history of water policy in the Great Lakes region, leading up to the current Great Lakes Water Compact. It outlines several past intergovernmental agreements from 1909 onwards that attempted to regulate water usage and prevent pollution, most of which failed to achieve their goals due to lack of enforcement. It then examines issues around Chicago's large-scale diversion of water from Lake Michigan in the early 20th century, which caused economic and environmental problems. Finally, it discusses the 1972 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and subsequent policies that made progress toward better management and protection of the lakes, culminating in the 2008 Great Lakes Water Compact currently in place.
The document summarizes various legal tools used to manage the Great Lakes, including charts, charters, compacts, and the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. It describes how the Great Lakes Charter in 1985 was followed by annexes in 2001 and 2005 that established the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement and Compact to govern diversions, consumptive uses, and make the agreements binding. It also discusses the history and revisions of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the US and Canada to restore water quality in the Great Lakes basin.
Adam Chamberlain, Borden Ladner Gervais LLP - Great Lakes Legal Tools: Chart...CWS_2010
The document discusses legal tools used to manage the Great Lakes, including charts, charters, compacts, and the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. It describes the Great Lakes Charter of 1985 that declared the lakes must be shared and held in trust by bordering states and provinces. In 2005, the Great Lakes governors and premiers negotiated an updated charter and binding compact between the eight states and Congress. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the US and Canada aims to restore and maintain water quality but was deemed outdated in 2007, leading to ongoing negotiations to amend it.
The water and wastewater infrastructure in the United States faces serious challenges and is in need of significant investment and innovation. Current systems are outdated, inefficient, and fail to utilize resources like water and energy. This presents opportunities for more sustainable solutions that optimize water usage, reduce costs, and generate value from waste products. New decentralized and natural treatment approaches are gaining ground and have the potential to transform the industry. The addressable market for sustainable water solutions in the US is estimated to grow from $4 billion currently to over $15 billion by 2020.
The Hidden Danger of Failing Water InfrastructureDaniel Guest
America’s water infrastructure is in a state of crisis. Both our water and our wastewater pipeline systems are in disrepair. In fact, the American Society for Civil Engineers (“ASCE”), a preeminent, respected authority on structural systems reliability and maintenance management, grades the condition of today’s drinking water infrastructure a D. What is more, the ASCE also gives the score of D to our wastewater infrastructure. A “D” is not a good place to be.
This document summarizes a presentation about managing water-related risks and opportunities from a business perspective. It discusses how high public expectations around water issues create both risks and opportunities for companies. An integrated water management approach is presented as a framework for considering not just a company's needs but also stakeholder and environmental interests. Key risks and opportunities related to water access, reputation, regulation, and efficiency are outlined. Examples of how risks and opportunities vary across business sectors are provided. The document concludes with an overview of tools and frameworks that can help with integrated water management assessments.
The document discusses the history of water policy in the Great Lakes region, leading up to the current Great Lakes Water Compact. It outlines several past intergovernmental agreements from 1909 onwards that attempted to regulate water usage and prevent pollution, most of which failed to achieve their goals due to lack of enforcement. It then examines issues around Chicago's large-scale diversion of water from Lake Michigan in the early 20th century, which caused economic and environmental problems. Finally, it discusses the 1972 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and subsequent policies that made progress toward better management and protection of the lakes, culminating in the 2008 Great Lakes Water Compact currently in place.
The document summarizes various legal tools used to manage the Great Lakes, including charts, charters, compacts, and the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. It describes how the Great Lakes Charter in 1985 was followed by annexes in 2001 and 2005 that established the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement and Compact to govern diversions, consumptive uses, and make the agreements binding. It also discusses the history and revisions of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the US and Canada to restore water quality in the Great Lakes basin.
Adam Chamberlain, Borden Ladner Gervais LLP - Great Lakes Legal Tools: Chart...CWS_2010
The document discusses legal tools used to manage the Great Lakes, including charts, charters, compacts, and the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. It describes the Great Lakes Charter of 1985 that declared the lakes must be shared and held in trust by bordering states and provinces. In 2005, the Great Lakes governors and premiers negotiated an updated charter and binding compact between the eight states and Congress. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the US and Canada aims to restore and maintain water quality but was deemed outdated in 2007, leading to ongoing negotiations to amend it.
This document contains a series of slides presented by Doug Hall of W D Hall Company and Gene Murray of W&M Environmental Group. The slides discuss water usage and management concerns related to hydraulic fracturing operations in the Eagle Ford Shale region of Texas. Specifically, the slides address issues around fresh water availability, the role of groundwater conservation districts, water reuse and recycling, use of alternative water sources, and non-water fracturing options. The final slides propose ideas for centralized treatment of produced water from multiple operators that could then be sold for beneficial uses.
The document provides an overview of the 2016 Orange County Infrastructure Report Card produced by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It discusses the importance of the report card in planning for the future and informing the public. Key points include that over 100 volunteers assessed 12 infrastructure categories and gave most a grade of C or D due to historical underfunding. The report highlights billions needed annually to address deficiencies. It emphasizes the importance of local funding and control to best maintain infrastructure.
Rodney T. Smith presented an analysis of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) to the San Diego County Water Authority. He summarized that the BDCP capital costs are underestimated and will likely be $14.7-14.9 billion, not the estimated $12.7 billion. The cost of water from the BDCP would be $625-890 per acre foot at minimum due to capital costs and operating expenses. However, water from the BDCP would not provide reliable supply as most of the additional yield would come in wet years. Smith predicted agriculture interests would withdraw support for the BDCP and it would need to be restructured as a supplemental project for municipal water users, likely with the inclusion of storage.
Presentation given to Carlsbad City Council by San Diego County Water Authority Board Chair Thomas V. Wornham and Assistant General Manger Dennis Cushman on the current and future activities relating to the Bay-Delta Conservation Plan
Presentation given at the San Diego County Water Authority's Water Planning Meeting on Oct. 25, 2012. To view agenda visit www.sdcwa.org/monthly-board-meeting-20
The document summarizes several events and topics discussed by the Kern-Kaweah Chapter of the Sierra Club, including:
1) An upcoming seminar on straw bale home construction.
2) Discussion at a regional environmental justice conference of various local environmental concerns like air and water quality.
3) Comments from a water policy conference around balancing water availability and costs, including the role of conservation and native plants.
4) A Sierra Club candidate forum for a local election addressing issues like urban sprawl, transportation, and air quality.
The document discusses potential solutions to California's growing water crisis over the next decade as the state's population increases substantially. It outlines customer requirements for a new water system, including that it must be environmentally friendly, economically viable, energy efficient, positively received, and produce high quality water. Engineering specifications are proposed that correspond to the customer requirements, such as the system using renewable energy for 80% of its power and producing at least 35,500 acre-feet of water per day. Key factors in selecting a design are identified as the energy source, water storage capacity, and system location based on their influence on important customer needs.
1. The global water sector faces challenges from increasing population and demand for water resources alongside limited supply. Investments in water infrastructure need to increase over coming decades to meet rising demand.
2. Annual investment required in the global water sector is estimated at €400-500 billion, indicating underinvestment as water prices are often subsidized and too low. This lack of incentives discourages necessary investments.
3. Governments alone cannot fund the investments needed and will need to cooperate more closely with the private sector, despite concerns about private sector involvement in water. Water technology companies stand to benefit from substantial sales over coming decades.
This document discusses current funding mechanisms for groundwater management at the Groundwater Conservation District (GCD) level in Texas. It notes that funding largely depends on the individual GCD's assessment method, with most GCDs relying on fees or taxes. The document also provides data on GCD funding sources and membership in the Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts. It concludes by discussing potential ways to secure future funding for groundwater management, such as recent Texas legislation providing grants and loans.
The document discusses the state of water infrastructure in New Jersey cities with combined sewer systems (CSS). It notes that 21 New Jersey cities have CSS that discharge untreated sewage and stormwater, totaling around 7 billion gallons annually, into waterways. These cities face a looming federal mandate to develop long-term control plans to upgrade their infrastructure to meet Clean Water Act requirements. The upgrades will be extremely expensive and take decades to implement. Coordinating the work will be challenging as infrastructure ownership and management is spread across many jurisdictions. Interviews with six large CSS cities found incomplete recordkeeping of water, wastewater and stormwater systems, which complicates planning for necessary repairs and improvements.
The document summarizes the key findings from CDP's 2013 Global Water Report. It finds that substantive water-related risks are becoming more immediate for companies. Nearly three-quarters of responding companies identified water risks that could significantly affect their business, and the number of near-term risks reported increased 16% in one year. While most companies have water management plans, their stewardship activities are often lacking and focused primarily on reducing water usage. Investors are increasingly encouraging companies to adopt a more comprehensive approach to water risk management to help address challenges and build resilience.
Tab 05 stanislaus water mutual company 15 jan revMike Meyer, Esq.
The document provides an overview of the Stanislaus Mutual Water Company and its efforts to sustainably manage local groundwater resources in California. It discusses the company's initiatives to share the water production burden across agricultural, industrial, and residential users and to access deeper aquifers. It also outlines the company's plans to create an online information platform about water issues in California and to pursue water infrastructure projects like desalination plants and distribution networks. Finally, it discusses the company's use of real estate investment trusts and corporate bonds to finance private water district projects.
This document discusses the economic case for a "no-tunnel" Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) alternative to the proposed tunnel plan. It notes that cost estimates for the tunnels have increased substantially while estimated water exports and seismic benefits have decreased. It analyzes differences in estimated benefits and costs between the tunnel plan and a no-tunnel alternative. It concludes that a no-tunnel plan could provide regulatory assurances at a lower cost if exports were maintained above 4 million acre-feet per year on average. Financial and regulatory issues with the tunnel plan are also noted.
Water scarcity and aging infrastructure are pressing issues facing the global water industry. Smart water networks that utilize sensors and data analytics can help utilities address these challenges by reducing water leakage by 5%, cutting capital expenditures by 15%, and saving up to $12.5 billion annually through lower operating costs. However, barriers like the lack of a strong business case and funding have prevented widespread adoption. Collaboration between utilities, technology providers, and regulators will be needed to transition networks to a smarter model.
The document discusses issues with the proposed California WaterFix system to build two new tunnels from the Sacramento River to pumping plants in the Delta. It argues that the project would be economically unreasonable and environmentally damaging, as it would negatively impact fisheries, ocean outflows, and potentially increase sea levels from shifting river flows. Instead, it recommends focusing investments on improving current Delta levees and fish screens to preserve marine life while also being safer and more reliable.
The document is a newsletter from the California Cotton Ginners and Growers Associations (CCGGA). It announces the retirement of Earl Williams after 20 years as President/CEO of CCGGA. It also provides updates on the State's water plan, the ongoing drought, cotton classing averages, and safety training being offered by AgSafe. CCGGA's Executive Vice President testified against proposed changes to California's truck rules, saying the changes did not go far enough.
1) Cleantech Group convenes cleantech events and provides market research and advisory services to help businesses capitalize on cleantech opportunities in sectors like water.
2) Improving water productivity through technology is increasingly important as water demand outpaces supply. It is estimated $50-60 billion annually is needed to close this gap.
3) Successful water companies will provide solutions that help customers reduce water and energy use, and alternative water sources will be important as industries face increasing water risk exposure.
The report explains how a growing, aspirational global population and the impacts of climate change are straining water supplies and forcing business to take action.
This document contains a series of slides presented by Doug Hall of W D Hall Company and Gene Murray of W&M Environmental Group. The slides discuss water usage and management concerns related to hydraulic fracturing operations in the Eagle Ford Shale region of Texas. Specifically, the slides address issues around fresh water availability, the role of groundwater conservation districts, water reuse and recycling, use of alternative water sources, and non-water fracturing options. The final slides propose ideas for centralized treatment of produced water from multiple operators that could then be sold for beneficial uses.
The document provides an overview of the 2016 Orange County Infrastructure Report Card produced by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It discusses the importance of the report card in planning for the future and informing the public. Key points include that over 100 volunteers assessed 12 infrastructure categories and gave most a grade of C or D due to historical underfunding. The report highlights billions needed annually to address deficiencies. It emphasizes the importance of local funding and control to best maintain infrastructure.
Rodney T. Smith presented an analysis of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) to the San Diego County Water Authority. He summarized that the BDCP capital costs are underestimated and will likely be $14.7-14.9 billion, not the estimated $12.7 billion. The cost of water from the BDCP would be $625-890 per acre foot at minimum due to capital costs and operating expenses. However, water from the BDCP would not provide reliable supply as most of the additional yield would come in wet years. Smith predicted agriculture interests would withdraw support for the BDCP and it would need to be restructured as a supplemental project for municipal water users, likely with the inclusion of storage.
Presentation given to Carlsbad City Council by San Diego County Water Authority Board Chair Thomas V. Wornham and Assistant General Manger Dennis Cushman on the current and future activities relating to the Bay-Delta Conservation Plan
Presentation given at the San Diego County Water Authority's Water Planning Meeting on Oct. 25, 2012. To view agenda visit www.sdcwa.org/monthly-board-meeting-20
The document summarizes several events and topics discussed by the Kern-Kaweah Chapter of the Sierra Club, including:
1) An upcoming seminar on straw bale home construction.
2) Discussion at a regional environmental justice conference of various local environmental concerns like air and water quality.
3) Comments from a water policy conference around balancing water availability and costs, including the role of conservation and native plants.
4) A Sierra Club candidate forum for a local election addressing issues like urban sprawl, transportation, and air quality.
The document discusses potential solutions to California's growing water crisis over the next decade as the state's population increases substantially. It outlines customer requirements for a new water system, including that it must be environmentally friendly, economically viable, energy efficient, positively received, and produce high quality water. Engineering specifications are proposed that correspond to the customer requirements, such as the system using renewable energy for 80% of its power and producing at least 35,500 acre-feet of water per day. Key factors in selecting a design are identified as the energy source, water storage capacity, and system location based on their influence on important customer needs.
1. The global water sector faces challenges from increasing population and demand for water resources alongside limited supply. Investments in water infrastructure need to increase over coming decades to meet rising demand.
2. Annual investment required in the global water sector is estimated at €400-500 billion, indicating underinvestment as water prices are often subsidized and too low. This lack of incentives discourages necessary investments.
3. Governments alone cannot fund the investments needed and will need to cooperate more closely with the private sector, despite concerns about private sector involvement in water. Water technology companies stand to benefit from substantial sales over coming decades.
This document discusses current funding mechanisms for groundwater management at the Groundwater Conservation District (GCD) level in Texas. It notes that funding largely depends on the individual GCD's assessment method, with most GCDs relying on fees or taxes. The document also provides data on GCD funding sources and membership in the Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts. It concludes by discussing potential ways to secure future funding for groundwater management, such as recent Texas legislation providing grants and loans.
The document discusses the state of water infrastructure in New Jersey cities with combined sewer systems (CSS). It notes that 21 New Jersey cities have CSS that discharge untreated sewage and stormwater, totaling around 7 billion gallons annually, into waterways. These cities face a looming federal mandate to develop long-term control plans to upgrade their infrastructure to meet Clean Water Act requirements. The upgrades will be extremely expensive and take decades to implement. Coordinating the work will be challenging as infrastructure ownership and management is spread across many jurisdictions. Interviews with six large CSS cities found incomplete recordkeeping of water, wastewater and stormwater systems, which complicates planning for necessary repairs and improvements.
The document summarizes the key findings from CDP's 2013 Global Water Report. It finds that substantive water-related risks are becoming more immediate for companies. Nearly three-quarters of responding companies identified water risks that could significantly affect their business, and the number of near-term risks reported increased 16% in one year. While most companies have water management plans, their stewardship activities are often lacking and focused primarily on reducing water usage. Investors are increasingly encouraging companies to adopt a more comprehensive approach to water risk management to help address challenges and build resilience.
Tab 05 stanislaus water mutual company 15 jan revMike Meyer, Esq.
The document provides an overview of the Stanislaus Mutual Water Company and its efforts to sustainably manage local groundwater resources in California. It discusses the company's initiatives to share the water production burden across agricultural, industrial, and residential users and to access deeper aquifers. It also outlines the company's plans to create an online information platform about water issues in California and to pursue water infrastructure projects like desalination plants and distribution networks. Finally, it discusses the company's use of real estate investment trusts and corporate bonds to finance private water district projects.
This document discusses the economic case for a "no-tunnel" Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) alternative to the proposed tunnel plan. It notes that cost estimates for the tunnels have increased substantially while estimated water exports and seismic benefits have decreased. It analyzes differences in estimated benefits and costs between the tunnel plan and a no-tunnel alternative. It concludes that a no-tunnel plan could provide regulatory assurances at a lower cost if exports were maintained above 4 million acre-feet per year on average. Financial and regulatory issues with the tunnel plan are also noted.
Water scarcity and aging infrastructure are pressing issues facing the global water industry. Smart water networks that utilize sensors and data analytics can help utilities address these challenges by reducing water leakage by 5%, cutting capital expenditures by 15%, and saving up to $12.5 billion annually through lower operating costs. However, barriers like the lack of a strong business case and funding have prevented widespread adoption. Collaboration between utilities, technology providers, and regulators will be needed to transition networks to a smarter model.
The document discusses issues with the proposed California WaterFix system to build two new tunnels from the Sacramento River to pumping plants in the Delta. It argues that the project would be economically unreasonable and environmentally damaging, as it would negatively impact fisheries, ocean outflows, and potentially increase sea levels from shifting river flows. Instead, it recommends focusing investments on improving current Delta levees and fish screens to preserve marine life while also being safer and more reliable.
The document is a newsletter from the California Cotton Ginners and Growers Associations (CCGGA). It announces the retirement of Earl Williams after 20 years as President/CEO of CCGGA. It also provides updates on the State's water plan, the ongoing drought, cotton classing averages, and safety training being offered by AgSafe. CCGGA's Executive Vice President testified against proposed changes to California's truck rules, saying the changes did not go far enough.
1) Cleantech Group convenes cleantech events and provides market research and advisory services to help businesses capitalize on cleantech opportunities in sectors like water.
2) Improving water productivity through technology is increasingly important as water demand outpaces supply. It is estimated $50-60 billion annually is needed to close this gap.
3) Successful water companies will provide solutions that help customers reduce water and energy use, and alternative water sources will be important as industries face increasing water risk exposure.
The report explains how a growing, aspirational global population and the impacts of climate change are straining water supplies and forcing business to take action.
Cwco corporate presentation may 2020(052120)Jeremy Keyser
Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. (CWCO) provides water production and advanced water treatment solutions globally. The company operates desalination plants and water distribution systems under long-term contracts in the Caribbean, Bahamas, and US. CWCO also manufactures water treatment equipment and provides related services. Recent acquisitions have expanded the company's product and service offerings in the growing US market. CWCO has a strong balance sheet and pursues organic and acquisition growth opportunities to capitalize on the increasing global demand for desalination.
California to impose fines up to $500 a day for wasting watercasacramento17
The State Water Resources Control Board in California voted to impose fines up to $500 per day for wasting water as the state experiences its worst drought since the 1970s. The fines will target outdoor water use like watering lawns excessively. While some areas like San Francisco have reduced water use by 5%, overall consumption in the state rose by 1% in May. The board hopes the fines will encourage the 20% reduction in water use sought by Governor Brown to help ease the drought, which is projected to cost the state's economy $2.2 billion.
This document discusses how wetlands can help reduce Canada's municipal infrastructure deficit by improving water quality and reducing flooding risks. It notes that 70-90% of prairie wetlands have been drained, contributing to problems like algae blooms that strain aging water infrastructure. Wetlands naturally filter and clean water by capturing nutrients and sediment. The document argues that municipal leaders should advocate more for wetland protection through regulations and compensation programs that offset costs to farmers, and also raise public awareness of wetlands' benefits to gain broader political support. Protecting and restoring wetlands could help lower infrastructure repair and replacement costs in the long run.
This document summarizes the California Farm Water Coalition's position on various proposals to improve water supply reliability in California's Bay Delta region. It notes that the Coalition represents agricultural water users statewide. It criticizes a proposal by the Natural Resources Defense Council that would reduce agricultural water allocations, arguing this would force many farmers out of business without their support. The document also expresses concern that the NRDC's "portfolio" approach adds uncertainty and may prevent the San Luis Reservoir from filling reliably, compromising water supply. It concludes there is insufficient support to pay for the portfolio plan without buy-in from Central Valley Project agricultural water users.
Cwco corporate presentation february 2020Jeremy Keyser
Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. operates advanced water treatment plants and water distribution systems in the Caribbean, Bahamas, and United States. It has four operating segments: retail water, bulk water, manufacturing, and services. The company has a global presence with 12 plants producing over 25 million gallons per day. It is pursuing organic and acquisition growth opportunities while providing shareholders with a solid dividend yield. Key projects include a major new desalination plant development in Rosarito, Mexico.
The document summarizes various costs associated with hydraulic fracturing or "fracking" for oil and gas extraction. These costs include cleanup of contaminated drinking water supplies, which can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars; impacts to public health like respiratory illness that impose health care costs; damage to natural areas and habitat that harm wildlife and industries like hunting; infrastructure damage to roads that requires millions in repairs; and costs of water infrastructure to support fracking operations. Taxpayers may also face costs of orphaned wells if companies abandon fracking sites. The true costs of fracking to society are likely much higher than acknowledged by the oil and gas industry.
This corporate presentation by Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. provides an overview of the company and its business segments. It operates desalination plants and water systems in areas where freshwater is limited. It has four business segments: retail water, bulk water, manufacturing, and services. The company sees opportunities for growth in desalination and wastewater treatment globally and in the southwest US. It aims to be a full-service water solutions provider through building, operating, and financing water infrastructure projects.
This document provides background information for a fictional grant competition hosted by the City of Austin, Texas to fund innovative solutions for reducing outdoor water usage. The city is facing increasing water demands and needs new approaches beyond traditional conservation methods. Rainwater Inc, an irrigation company, wants to enter the competition to help drive its product differentiation strategy. It hires you to develop a proposal meeting the competition's requirements and a plan for how Rainwater can execute the proposed solution.
RMC Water and Environment is a California-based company with eight offices that offers a wide range of water-related services, including project planning, regulatory compliance, modeling, and program management. Due to its flat organizational structure, RMC can respond to the unique needs of client communities for projects involving flood control, storm water management, wastewater treatment, and water recycling. As droughts are expected to affect half the world in the coming decades, water recycling technology is becoming more widespread, with states like California directing more funding towards decreasing the costs of recycled water infrastructure and techniques.
Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. (CWCO) provides water solutions including developing and operating desalination plants, water distribution systems, and water treatment equipment. The presentation summarizes CWCO's business segments, global operations, financial performance, growth opportunities in desalination markets, and competitive advantages in developing water solutions. Key projects include a major desalination plant under development in Rosarito, Mexico and expanding in the US through the recent acquisition of PERC Water Corporation.
This document provides an overview of scenario planning as an approach to managing uncertainty in resource planning. Scenario planning explores a range of possible futures rather than predicting a single most likely outcome. It identifies key uncertainties that could significantly impact the future and develops narrative scenarios around different combinations of outcomes for those uncertainties. This allows decision-makers to identify actions that are robust across multiple scenarios. The document uses examples from water resource planning to illustrate how scenario planning can structured around key issues, uncertainties, and potential future scenarios. It emphasizes that the goal is not predicting the future but rather enhancing flexibility and strategic preparedness.
Similar to US Desalination Market Report, March 2013 (20)
Will the US Rebound Cause Another Emerging Markets Crisis?Brien Desilets
1) Past financial crises in emerging markets have often been caused by events in developed markets like the US. As the US economy rebounds, emerging markets may face another crisis if capital flows reverse out of those markets.
2) Many emerging markets remain reliant on foreign financing and currency, leaving them vulnerable to changes in developed markets. However, emerging markets are generally better prepared now than in past crises due to policy and regulatory reforms.
3) Countries like Malaysia demonstrated resilience during the 2008 crisis by requiring large capital buffers and limiting foreign currency lending. Developing local financial systems can help emerging markets insulate themselves from instability abroad.
In 2009, the unemployment rate hit 10 percent for the first time in more than 25 years1. It has remained elevated since then with the current figure at 9.1 percent. The labor force participation rate and employment as a percentage of population are at 25-year lows. However, there is one clear trend in the data. Workers with a higher level of education face
a much lower unemployment rate. This is seen in the graph below. The unemployment rate for workers with less than a high school diploma currently stands at 14.0 percent. For those
with a high school diploma it is 9.7 percent. For those with additional education, the unemployment rate is less than the national average. It is 8.4 percent for those with some
college but not a Bachelor’s degree and it is a mere 4.2 percent for those with a Bachelor’s degree. The rates for those with higher degrees are surely lower although that data is not
readily available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Leveraging Technology Innovation to Fill the Infrastructure Gap in Asia & AfricaBrien Desilets
This presentation discusses how technology innovation can help address the large infrastructure investment gaps in Asia and Africa. The annual infrastructure needs in Asia are estimated at $26 trillion with current investment falling short by around $1.7 trillion per year. In Africa, annual infrastructure needs are between $130-170 billion but current funding only meets around half of that. Venture capital and private sector financing for new technologies have helped increase investments in sectors like telecoms and energy but more is needed for transport and water. The presentation argues that technology innovation can catalyze greater private investment and help close the infrastructure funding gaps in a rapid manner.
This document provides an overview of street lighting public-private partnerships (P3s) in France and the UK. It discusses how street lighting P3s can improve energy efficiency and attract private investment for infrastructure upgrades. France is highlighted as a leader in street lighting P3s, having implemented approximately 50 projects since 2004. Case studies of individual French and UK street lighting P3 deals are also presented, examining aspects such as capital investments, energy savings, private partners involved, and results of the partnerships.
Playing the Trump Card in Eurasia, November 2016Brien Desilets
Presentation from the Doing Business with the Eurasian Economic Union Conference covers; Trade; Silk Road; Trump; China-US Leadership Transition; NATO; EU.
Overview of Local Government & Infrastructure Finance in China, November 2015Brien Desilets
Overview of local government and infrastructure finance in China, includes macroeconomic and macrofiscal environment, financial market characteristics, individual project financing approaches and recommendations for improvements.
Silk Road Summit & Business Forum 2016 Event BrochureBrien Desilets
The Silk Road Summit & Business Forum will take place on September 26, 2016 in Washington DC. It is organized by Claret Consulting and its partners to facilitate multilateral collaboration on infrastructure development throughout the Silk Road region. The agenda will focus on topics like the Silk Road Economic Belt, 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, business opportunities, and support from multilateral development banks. The summit provides an opportunity for business development in emerging markets along the trading route between Asia and Europe.
BRICS Development Banks & Infrastructure Investment, May 2015Brien Desilets
The document discusses new development banks created by BRICS countries to fund infrastructure projects as existing institutions do not adequately represent shifting global economic power. It outlines the BRICS New Development Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank which will help close Asia's $8 trillion infrastructure gap. Individual BRICS countries also have infrastructure investment programs - China is focusing on its Belt and Road initiative while India is prioritizing new roads, schools and healthcare projects. Overall the banks aim to provide an alternative to Western-dominated institutions and promote development through connectivity and infrastructure investment.
The document provides an overview of infrastructure investment opportunities in BRICS countries. It discusses the state of infrastructure in Brazil, Russia, China and other countries. For Brazil, it outlines major infrastructure programs and public-private partnerships for projects related to the World Cup and Olympics. For Russia, it discusses the legislative framework for PPPs and examples of large transportation projects. For China, it notes the large scale of existing investment and a new initiative to develop more private financing of infrastructure projects across sectors.
Silk Road Economic Belt Financial Strategies, 2015Brien Desilets
The document discusses financial strategies for funding projects along China's Silk Road Economic Belt initiative. It outlines various sources of funding including the $40 billion Silk Road Fund, Chinese policy banks and state-owned enterprises, multilateral development banks like the AIIB and NDB, sovereign wealth funds, and individual project financing models. Specific projects highlighted that could receive funding include the Gwadar Port in Pakistan, Karot Hydropower Plant in Pakistan, and the Belgrade-Budapest high speed rail line. The document stresses the need for projects to generate revenue and involve local stakeholders to support long-term sustainability of investments.
Throughout the past decade, Sub-Saharan African (Africa) nations have witnessed a marked increase in the number of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects. PPPs have been utilized in the sectors of energy, transport, water and sewerage, information and communication technologies, health, and meteorology, among others. PPPs will remain an important instrument for African leaders as they seek to solve the development challenges of the future.
Serving Syrian Refugees: Practical Solutions for a People in Need, November 2015Brien Desilets
This issue paper assess the status of Syrian refugees and highlights innovative approaches to providing services including education, housing, renewable energy and social integration.
This issue paper will address several key components of understanding international labor issues. Globalization has radically changed the way local and global supply chains function, and rapidly expanding populations have also changed the makeup of labor forces that respond to these supply chains. Moreover, the implications of these rapidly-changing global dynamics have affected different populations in widely varying ways. Despite their centrality to the functioning of the global economy, unpaid and underpaid workers are often rendered invisible in discussions about the new globalized economy. In this paper, forced labor and its relationship to human trafficking will be discussed, as well as child labor. Exploitative labor (and the distinction between forced and exploitative labor) will also be discussed in the context of shifting labor trends under globalization.
Gendered Dimensions of Economic Equality, August 2015 Special Edition with ph...Brien Desilets
Though this gender gap manifests differently in different countries, cultures, economic systems, and communities, this issue paper will provide a general overview of several global issues that affect women in distinct ways related to economic well-being. The first section will explain the meaning and implications of the feminization of poverty, followed by information on women’s participation in economies and a section on gendered access to education and training. The final section will identify several other factors that influence economic measurements of women’s well-being, with a focus on health and maternal mortality and gender-based violence.
Armed Conflict and Human Rights in DRC, July 2015Brien Desilets
This issue paper will provide background information on the history and current situation of DR Congo, with an emphasis on some of the most reported negative impacts of ongoing armed conflict on the region’s inhabitants. Next, the paper will offer an analysis of multiple perspectives on the relationship between natural resources and armed conflict in general, and “conflict minerals” in DR Congo specifically.
FHWA P3 Project Finance Guidebook, December 2016Brien Desilets
Claret wrote the book on P3 Project Finance for the FHWA’s P3 Toolkit and developed accompanying training materials. The advanced Guidebook went beyond existing materials to analyze in detail US P3 transactions, explore the advantages and disadvantages of different sources of financing and highlight specific topics such as the complementarity of equity, insurance and credit enhancement. The intended audience is project managers at state and local government Departments of Transportation throughout the US. The Claret team included leading experts in the field of P3 from the US and internationally with focus areas in finance, law and engineering.
Gwadar Port International Economic Zone, May 2017Brien Desilets
Gwadar Port in Pakistan is being developed as an important international trade hub with the support of Chinese investment. Phase I of the port was completed in 2002 with $248 million from China. Additional billions are being invested to expand roads, rail, and pipelines connecting the port to China's western provinces. The port and surrounding areas have been designated a special economic zone to incentivize business through tax breaks. Gwadar Port is strategically located near key oil reserves and trade routes, and aims to become a major transshipment center for the region.
Mutual Fund Taxation – How Mutual Funds Are Taxeddhvikdiva
Divadhvik explains Mutual Fund Taxation clearly: Equity funds held over a year are taxed at 10% for gains over ₹1 lakh, while short-term gains are taxed at 15%. Debt funds held over three years are taxed at 20% post-indexation. Short-term gains are taxed as per your income slab.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Monthly Market Risk Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
Markets rallied in May, with all three major U.S. equity indices up for the month, said Sam Millette, director of fixed income, in his latest Market Risk Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptxILC- UK
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Age
Tom Evans, Managing Director of Retirement, Canada Life
Steve Groves, Chair, Key Retirement Group
Tish Hanifan, Founder and Joint Chair of the Society of Later life Advisers
Sue Lewis, ILC Trustee
Siobhan Lough, Senior Consultant, Hymans Robertson
Mick McAteer, Co-Director, The Financial Inclusion Centre
Stuart McDonald MBE, Head of Longevity and Democratic Insights, LCP
Anusha Mittal, Managing Director, Individual Life and Pensions, M&G Life
Shelley Morris, Senior Project Manager, Living Pension, Living Wage Foundation
Sarah O'Grady, Journalist
Will Sherlock, Head of External Relations, M&G Plc
Daniela Silcock, Head of Policy Research, Pensions Policy Institute
David Sinclair, Chief Executive, ILC
Jordi Skilbeck, Senior Policy Advisor, Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association
Rt Hon Sir Stephen Timms, former Chair, Work & Pensions Committee
Nigel Waterson, ILC Trustee
Jackie Wells, Strategy and Policy Consultant, ILC Strategic Advisory Board
An accounting information system (AIS) refers to tools and systems designed for the collection and display of accounting information so accountants and executives can make informed decisions.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
Madhya Pradesh, the "Heart of India," boasts a rich tapestry of culture and heritage, from ancient dynasties to modern developments. Explore its land records, historical landmarks, and vibrant traditions. From agricultural expanses to urban growth, Madhya Pradesh offers a unique blend of the ancient and modern.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
3. Acronyms & Abbreviations
ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
DB Design-Build
DBF Design-Build-Finance
DBFOM Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Maintain
DBOM Design-Build-Operate-Maintain
EIR/EIS Environmental Impact Report
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
mgd Million gallons per day
P3 Public-Private Partnership
PAB Private Activity Bond
PDA Pre-Development Agreement
ROD Record of Decision
RFI Request for Information
RFP Request for Proposals
RFQ Request for Qualifications
VfM Value For Money
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Introduction
Global desalination capacity has increased exponentially since 1960. Currently there are more
than 15,000 water desalination plants in more than 100 countries worldwide. The past five
years have seen a 57 percent increase in the capacity of desalination plants. The installed base
of desalination plants around the world now has a capacity of 19.8 billion gallons per day
compared to 12.6 billion gallons per day at the end of 2008. Desalination equipment orders are
forecast to triple over the next five years to become a $17 billion a year business driven by
breakthroughs in energy savings and demand by the public and private sectors. Investment in
the sector rose from $5 billion in 2011 to $8.9 billion in 2012.
Almost half of all current capacity is located in the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia leading the
way with 26 percent of all desalination consumers and approximately 30 percent of all of its
household water coming from desalination. Australia is another leading market, where
desalination accounts for up to half of drinking water supplies in major cities. China and the
Mediterranean are rapidly growing markets. North America, Europe and Asia each represent
approximately 15 percent of global capacity.
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Desalination in the US
In the US, prolonged drought, dwindling traditional water supplies and more stringent
regulatory requirements are driving up the costs of treated water supplies, thereby making
desalination more competitive. Currently, more than 300 desalination facilities deliver fresh
drinking water to urban centers in Florida, Texas, California, Arizona and 10 other states.
Desalination plants have been built in every state in the US, although nearly half of the plants
are small facilities built for specific industrial needs. Most existing facilities treat brackish water
but the current trend is for increased seawater desalination. Another trend is for large facilities
instead of small industrial facilities. Facilities in the pipeline aim to delivery 10-20 percent of
the fresh water supply of coastal urban centers in California, Texas and Florida. The two largest
desalination projects under development in California at present are the 50 million gallons per
day (mgd) Carlsbad and Huntington Beach desalination facilities. The planning and permitting
efforts for these projects are near completion and construction is expected to begin in 2013. A
third trend in the US market is for the delivery of desalination projects under public-private
partnership (P3) arrangements, where a private company or consortium of companies takes the
lead in designing, building and operating the facilities with the role of the public utility limited
to an off-take agreement that spells out the terms and conditions for purchasing the water
produced by the facility.
Desalination projects face several challenges in the US marketplace. In the first case, they share
the same challenges as other long-term infrastructure projects. They involve complex
construction and long-term considerations of demand, operations and maintenance. Demand
for the water produced by the projects must be identified and the demand risk must be
accepted, transferred or shared by the parties involved. Regulatory risks abound. Increased
regulation of existing water sources may benefit desalination projects but environmental
regulations pose challenges. Large seawater desalination plants are a relatively new
phenomenon and many public sector entities are unfamiliar with the issues surrounding them.
Energy costs for these projects are very high, typically representing 33-55 percent of operating
costs. Water supplied by desalination typically is more expensive than traditional water
sources.
Despite these challenges, the US market is taking off. Large facilities intended for water supply
on a massive scale are under development and in planning. There is no end in sight for the
restrictions on traditional water supplies, the general scarcity of water and the increased
demand for what is increasingly recognized as a commodity. This report summarizes the
largest desalination markets and projects within the US. It is not intended as a comprehensive
report detailing every small industrial desalination facility. Instead, it highlights the most
important facilities and trends in the sector. More detailed information and research is
available from Claret Consulting’s P3 Practice.
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California
California has faced a water crisis for decades and it has only become more acute in recent
years. Half of the water in Southern California is imported from two sources: the Sacramento
River Delta and the Colorado River. Local authorities need to make up for the rest from
groundwater, recycled or surface water and imports from elsewhere. Currently, there are 20
proposals for large-scale desalination plants from San Francisco to San Diego that would turn
Pacific Ocean water into potable tap water. The recent financial close of the Carlsbad
Desalination Plant is a major development in the market and a sign of things to come.
Carlsbad Desalination Project
The Carlsbad Desalination project will be the largest desalination plant in the Western
Hemisphere. The project is being implemented as a partnership between Poseidon Resources
and the San Diego County Water Authority. The project includes a desalination plant, a
pumping station, product water storage and finished water conveyance pipelines. It also
includes a 10-mile pipeline that connects the new plant to the Water Authority’s aqueduct in
San Marcos. Financial close was reached in 2012 and financing includes $755 million in
investment-grade private activity and $167 million in equity. Poseidon has leased a four-acre
site adjacent to the existing Encina Power Station site owned by Cabrillo Power for 60 years for
the desalination plant.
The plant will produce 50 million gallons of desalinated seawater a day and provide 10 percent
of the total drinking water needed by San Diego. It will supply 56,000 acre feet of water
annually; sufficient for approximately 300,000 people. The water from this plant will be
purchased by the Carlsbad water agencies and be supplemented with imported water from San
Diego County Water Authority. The agreement sets the purchase price at $1,849 -$2,064 per
acre foot in 2012 dollars, depending on how much is purchased annually. A typical household
of four people can expect to pay approximately $5-7 per month more than current prices for
water by 2016. In addition, the agreement allows for annual price increases of 2.5 percent. For
reference, Metropolitan Water District rates have experienced an average increase of 7.9
percent in recent years.
Kiewit Shea Desalination, a joint venture between subsidiaries of Kiewit Corp and J. F. Shea
Construction Inc., will provide engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) services for the
desalination plant and the pipeline under a fixed price contract. IDE Americas Inc. a subsidiary
of IDE Technologies Ltd will design the seawater process plant under the direction of Kiewit
Shea Desalination. IDE will also be responsible for the operation and maintenance (O&M)
under a 30-year contract.
Dickstein Shapiro LLP of Washington D.C. led the debt and equity financing for the Poseidon
project, which is structured as a P3 including 60 parties and a water purchase agreement. The
California Pollution Control Financing Authority issued $734 million in tax-exempt Private
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Activity Bonds (PAB) on behalf of Poseidon and the Water Authority with underwriting led by JP
Morgan. Private equity investor Stonepeak Infrastructure Partners provided the remainder of
the project capital. The bonds were sold at an interest rate of 4.78 percent. Under the terms of
the of the Water Purchase Agreement between Poseidon and the San Diego County Water
Authority, the agency pays only for delivered product that meets quality standards.
The project is being developed as a P3 between local authorities and municipalities in San Diego
county and Poseidon Resources. The parties have entered into 30-year contracts with options
to extend. The nine public water companies that are parties to the agreement include:
Carlsbad Municipal Water District
Rincon del Diablo Municipal Water District
Olivenhain Municipal Water District
Vallecitos Water District
Sweetwater Authority
Valley Centre Municipal Water District
Santa Fe Irrigation District
Rainbow Municipal Water District
City of Oceanside Municipal Water District
The plant was proposed in 1998 and faced a number of hurdles including 14 cases filed against
it between 2006 and 2009. These included a petition against the project’s brine discharge by
environmental groups in 2007, a lawsuit challenging the San Diego Regional Water Quality
Control Board’s approval to withdraw sea water for the desalination plant by Surfrider
Foundation in 2012 and other opposition regarding energy, climate and marine impacts.
Timeline
1998 plant proposed
February 2006 bidding for EPC
2007 contract awarded
2008 the plant received approvals from the State Lands Commission and the California
Coastal Commission
May 2009 the Regional Water Quality Control Board approved the construction of the
desalination project
November 2009 Construction of the first phase of the Carlsbad plant started
January 2010 project was allocated $530 million Private activity bonds by the California
Debt Limitation Allocation Committee (CDLAC)
November 2012 the Water Authority’s Board approved a Water Purchase Agreement
with Poseidon Resources
December 24th
2012 financial close
Bay Area Regional Desalination Project
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The San Francisco Bay Area’s largest water agencies, the Contra Costa Water District, East Bay
Municipal Utility District, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, Santa Clara Valley Water
District and Zone 7 Water Agency are jointly exploring a regional desalination project that
would provide an additional water source for the region, diversifying the area’s water supply
and fostering long-term regional sustainability. The Bay Area Regional Desalination project may
consist of one or more desalination facilities with an estimated total capacity of 10-50mgd. In
May 2003, the partner agencies initiated a pre-feasibility study after which the State
Department of Water Resources awarded the agencies a $1 million grant to fund a small-scale
pilot project. The pilot project was executed in Contra Costa County and finalized in June 2010.
It concluded that desalination is technically feasible.
Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project
The Monterey Peninsula faces a critical need for new water sources since the state and court
ordered the region to reduce its dependency on the Carmel River and Seaside Aquifer. On
January 31, 2013 the Monterey Peninsula Regional Water Authority decided to back California
American’s project. The project was the most developed but a number of changes were
recommended including lowering costs through the use of cheaper public financing. The
mayors will submit testimony to the Public Utilities Commission which is considering Cal-Am’s
permit application.
In April 2012 Cal-Am filed an application seeking approval for a new project with California
Public Utilities Commission. One of the components of the proposal was the building of a
desalination facility in North Marina that is either 9.0mgd or 5.4mgd costing $83.8 million or
$64.5 million respectively. The plant would employ Energy Recovery Devices to lower power
consumption and require a 10-mile pipeline to deliver water to the Monterey Peninsula.
Through a combination of State Revolving Fund loans and a proposal to remove a portion of the
capital investment from the company’s rate base, the company expects to finance the
desalination plant at a rate of between 3.0 and 4.0 percent. The plant will be owned and
operated by Cal-Am.
Earlier in 2010 Cal-Am had received authority from the California Public Utilities Commission to
develop the Regional Desalination Project. This faced a number of hurdles including legal and
financial challenges and in January 2012, Cal Am withdrew its support for the Regional
Desalination Project with the Monterey water agencies as the solution to address Monterey
water supply needs. Monterey Peninsula is California America’s new proposed solution to
address water shortage.
El Segundo
The West Basin wants to build a permanent desalination facility in the South Bay in order to
reduce the region’s dependence on drinking water from Northern California and the Colorado
River. West Basin has been implementing a desalination program in phases over the last
decade. From 2002 to 2009, it operated a pilot program at the NRG Energy site in El Segundo
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then moved to the demonstration phase at The Sea Lab. The two programs cost approximately
$18 million. The demonstration plant produces 35 gallons of freshwater per minute which
demonstrates full capacity. The goal of West Basin is to bring water imports down by 10
percent by 2020 this would amount to a 20mgd plant. A facility of this size would cost
approximately $400 million and require 40mgd seawater. The goal of the pilot program was to
identify optimal performance conditions and evaluate water quality characteristics. West Basin
anticipates permitting, financing and constructing a full scale facility by 2017.
Huntington Beach Project
The Huntington Beach Desalination Facility in Orange County, CA is a 50mgd project scheduled
to be operational by 2015. The plant will be located adjacent to the AES Power Station. The
project was proposed by Poseidon Resources Corporation in 2005. The facility will consist of
seawater intake pretreatment facilities, a sea water desalination plant utilizing reverse osmosis
technology, product water storage, two pump station, materials storage tanks and 42-48 inch
diameter product water transmission pipelines up to 10 miles in length in Huntington Beach
and Costa Mesa. The project is estimated to cost $350 million. As of January 2013 the project
was awaiting the Coastal Commission’s approval. Once this is obtained, construction is set to
begin later in 2013. Poseidon is now negotiating with Orange County water agencies interested
in purchasing the plant’s output, with 18 agencies already signatories to non-binding letters of
intent to purchase the water.
Santa Cruz Water Department & Soquel Creek Water District (SCWD2) Regional Seawater
Desalination Project
Currently the City of Santa Cruz and Soquel Creek Water District are proposing to build a seven-
acre desalination factory along with extensive pipeline, pumping and storage infrastructure.
The proposed project is expected to produce 2.5mgd. The components of the projects include:
a sea water intake structure; a desalination plant; a brine disposal system; and a conveyance
system. The plant is expected to run at half capacity in non-drought years and at full capacity
during drought. The estimated cost of the projects is $115 million. The project partners
operated a pilot plant at the University of California Santa Cruz Long Marine Laboratory from
March 2008 to April 2009. The proposed project is currently undergoing a thorough
environmental review. In March 2012, the City of Santa Cruz adopted an ordinance that
requires voter approval prior to construction of the plant. The earliest date such a vote would
be held is June 2014.
Sand City
Sand City is a state-owned desalination plant operated by California American Water (CalAm).
In February 2007, CalAm signed a 15-year lease to operate the Sand City desalination facility
and repay Sand City for the cost of building the facility. The state awarded Sand City $2.9
million in grant funding for the desalination plant in 2007. The funding was made possible by
California Proposition 50, passed in November 2002, allowing the state to borrow $3.4 billion
for a variety of water projects. Total project costs were $11.9 million with the city covering $ 9
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million through redevelopment and city capital improvement funds. The facility is capable of
producing 98 million gallons a year. The plant became operational in April 2010. The project
was planned since the 1990’s with the EIR completed in January 2005. The plant is owned by
Sand City but operated by CalAm. The DB for the contract of the plant was awarded to CDM
Constructors.
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Florida
Florida cannot meet its future demand for water by relying solely on the development of
traditional ground and surface water sources. The state’s water demand is expected to grow
more than 25 percent to 8.7 billion gallons per day by 2025. Florida leads the nation in the use
of desalination technology. As of 2012, Florida had 150 desalination facilities with a capacity of
515mgd, nearly 25 percent of the state’s water supply. This represents a 46 percent growth
over the past five years while the amount of desalination water produced by these plants has
increased 94 percent during the same period.
Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant
An RFP was issued by the then West Coast Regional Water Supply Authority in October 1996 for
a commercial developer to design, build, operate and own a desalination plant. Four vendors
submitted initial proposals in December 1997. In early 1999 Tampa Bay Water (formerly west
Coast Regional Water Supply Authority) selected Stone & Webster Water LLC (S&W LLC), a
consortium of Poseidon Water Resources and Stone and Webster. There was some opposition
to the project by environmental groups but it did not delay the construction scheduled to begin
in January 2001. Southwest Florida Water management District agreed to provide 90% of the
projected capital cost of $ 110 million.
In 2000, Stone & Webster declared bankruptcy and Poseidon became full owner of S&W LLC
and hired Covanta Energy to build the plant. The new partnership became Tampa Bay Desal.
Covanta energy however had a poor bond rating and was unable to secure financing for
construction bonds. Tampa Bay Water (the regional water authority) then purchased Tampa
Bay Desal. Tampa Bay Water contracted Covanta Construction (a subsidiary of Covanta Energy)
to build the facility. The contract was valued at $300-360 million. The first tests of water
production were in March 2003, a year behind schedule. Inefficiencies in the filtering process
emerged soon after this and Tampa Bay Water re-acquired the facility and contracted with
American Water-Pridesa, a joint venture subsidiary of American Water and Acciona Agua in
2005 for a complete overhaul and management of the treatment facility under a design-build-
operate contract. Remediation added an additional $48 million to the $110 million price tag.
Tampa Bay Water charges its member governments $2.2451 per 1,000 gallons. The cost is
revenue neutral and only covers expenses including debt service payments.
The facility began producing water in January 2008. It was expected to produce 25mgd but
averages 15mgd. The plant operates below full capacity because demand is lower than
expected and less expensive water supply options are available.
Floridan Aquifer Desalination Facility
It is located at the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority's main water-treatment plant in Florida City.
The $38 million plant taps into the brackish waters of the Floridan Aquifer, located more than
1,700 feet below the surface.
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The Coquina Coast Seawater Desalination Project
The Coquina Coast Seawater Desalination Project is a partnership among local cities and
counties to determine the feasibility of locating a desalination plant in St. Johns, Flagler or
Volusia County. The local governments are being advised by several firms, including Malcolm
Pirnie, Veolia Water, Sinclair Knight Merz, RosTek Associates, Florida Atlantic University, Janicki
Environmental, Inc., Dialogue Public Relation and Halcrow. Options analysis has included on-
land and off-shore facilities and a combination of both. Estimated capital costs for a facility
range from $190-260 million for a 10-15mgd plant. Produced water would cost an estimated
$6.27-7.74 per 1000 gallons. Future improvements to the plant could lower the cost to $4.72
per 1000 gallons. The project is being implemented in phases over several years. If a plant is
built, it is expected to begin producing drinking water by 2020.
The City of Hialeah
The City of Hialeah is currently proceeding with final construction activity on a new seawater
desalination plant that has been in the works since 2008. Aecom and Inima were selected for
the 15-year DBO project and a joint venture contract was signed in August 2010. The plant will
have a capacity of 17.5mgd and has a total project cost of $100 million. The project will be
implemented under a joint participation agreement with Miami-Dade County.
Davie Town
The $101 million DB contract for this project was awarded to Aecom in August 2010. It includes
a new brackish water, reverse osmosis plant and a new membrane wastewater treatment plant
in the town of Davie. The plant will provide 6mgd but may be expanded in the future to
12mgd. The project is due to be completed in the fall of 2013.
Tarpon Springs
This project includes plans for desalination of feed water from the brackish Floridian Aquifer
and discharge of the reverse osmosis concentrate into the Progress Energy cooling water canal.
The plant is expected to meet the city’s water requirements for the next 20 years. After a
three-year delay, the bidding process was re-opened in 2011. The following teams were
prequalified:
Archer Western Contractors, AECOM, Hydropro
Black & Veatch, Overland Contracting, Biwater AEWT
Garney Construction, Carollo Engineers, Doosan Hydro
Veolia Water, Encore Construction, Aerex Industries
Wharton-Smith, Tetra Tech, Harn R/O
MWH Constructors, MWH Americas, H2O Innovation.
RFPs were issued to these teams with responses due October 2012. A decision was expected as
early as November 2012 and construction is expected to take 24 months. The plant is expected
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to cost $45 million with $20 million funded by a grant from the Southwest Florida Water
Management District.
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Texas
Texas has 44 desalination plants with an estimated total desalination capacity of about 134,500
acre feet per year. This is expected to increase to 310,000 acre feet per year in 2060 based on
the 2012 State Water Plan. Interest in desalination surged 10 years ago when the technology
became more efficient and cost competitive. The state’s population has been growing at rates
as high as 20 percent and is expected to double by 2060, and this is another key drive in the
demand for water and the search for alternative supplies. Texas is an ideal state for
desalination given the 360 miles of coastline and 30 aquifers. The Texas Water Development
Board (TWBD) has been at the forefront of the state’s efforts to identify and address challenges
to implementing seawater and brackish groundwater desalination projects. The Board funds
feasibility studies, pilot plants, technology demonstrations, procuring additional data and
outreach efforts.
The state’s largest plant is El Paso where the $91 million Kay Bailey Hutchinson Desalination
Plant was completed in 2007. It can supply 27.5mgd but rarely operates at full capacity. In
2011 it supplied 4 percent of El Paso’s water. Texas does not have a seawater desalination
plant however on May 14, 2011, voters in Laguna Madre Water District approved a bond
proposition to build a 1mgd seawater plant on South Padre Island.
San Antonio Project
A plant above the Wilcox Aquifer in south Bexar County is under construction and will open in
2016. It is expected to cost $145 million for 10mgd of capacity or $225 million for 25mgd of
capacity. The project is financed partly by local water rates and by $59 million of low-interest
loans from the Texas Water Development Board. Production is expected to begin in 2016 with
full full production scheduled for 2020.
Kay Bailey Hutchinson/El Paso Desalination Plant
This 15-year, $87 million project was implemented jointly by El Paso Water Utilities and the US
Army base at Fort Bliss. It was built in 2007. It is the world’s largest inland desalination plant.
The facility produces approximately 27.5mgd, increasing El Paso Water Utilities’ drinking water
supplies by 25 percent. The cost of providing ground water was $160 per acre foot, treated
surface water was about $300 per acre foot and treating brackish water was about $534 per
acre foot, importing water from about 100 miles away would have cost $1,200 to $1,400 per
acre foot.
Freeport Seawater Desalination Project
Brazos River Authority is working with Poseidon Resources Corporation on development of a
seawater desalination treatment facility to be located at the Dow Chemical complex in
Freeport, Texas. The plant is not expected to be operational until 2050. The capital cost of the
project is estimated at $93.1 million. The annual O&M cost is estimated at $7.3 million. Energy
costs represent approximately 43 percent of the O&M costs. The Brazos River Authority
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estimates that a subsidy of approximately $8 million per year will be required to make the
project feasible.
Odessa Desalination Plant
The city of Odessa is limited by a contract to take water from Colorado River Municipal District
(CRMWD) and no other source so the city is encouraging the Odessa Development Corporation,
a separate entity to consider building a plant similar to the one in El Paso. The city is
negotiating with CRMWD so that if a desalination plant is built it could supplement any water
Odessa could not get from CRMWD. Eight proposals were received by the June 15th
2012
deadline in response to the RFP to build a 10mgd water desalination plant and a 44-mile
pipeline. The proposed project is estimated to cost $150 million. The bidders include Abengoa
Water, Texas Aqua Partners, West Texas Partners, Aquifer Group, Oscar Renda Contracting
Roanoke, Odessa Area Water Supply of Odessa, Salt of the Earth Energy, San Antonio and US
Waterworks.
Brownsville Seawater Desalination Project
This project will deliver a 2.5mgd demonstration-scale seawater desalination plant. The
proposed plant would be located on the south shore of the Brownsville Ship Channel.
Laguna Madre and Laguna Vista Seawater Desalination Project
The Laguna Madre Water District, based in Port Isabel, completed a pilot seawater desalination
project two years ago and is now looking for property on the north end of South Padre Island to
locate a larger facility after voters in the District authorized a full scale plant in Spring of 2010.
Desalination would reduce the utility’s dependence on unreliable supply from the Rio Grande.
A feasibility analysis in 2010 recommended full scale operations be located on the north side of
the South Padre Island using Gulf water as its raw water source. The $13.2 million plant will be
built on the bay with water piped less than half a mile across the island.
Corpus Christi Seawater Desalination
Regional plans include proposals to construct a desalination plant located next to the Barney M.
Davis Power Station between Laguna Madre and Oso Bay. Production is not expected to begin
before 2040.
North Alamo Water Supply Corporation (NAWSC)
In 2010, the North Alamo Water Supply Corporation (NAWSC) selected Befesa WaterBuild and
NRS Consulting Engineers for a $6 million design-build contract for a brackish groundwater
desalination plant in Donna, TX. This is the brackish desalination plant to be implemented by a
private water company in in Texas. The initial plant will produce 2mgd with plans for
expansion. The plant was completed five months ahead of schedule in 2012 and within budget.
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Companies
AECOM
AECOM is a global provider of professional technical and management support services to a
broad range of markets, including transportation, facilities, environmental, energy, water and
government. AECOM has built up its desalination business through a series of acquisitions,
acquiring Metcalf & Eddy and Guy Maunsell in 2000, Earth Tech and Boyle Engineering in 2008
and Inocsa Ingenieria in 2010.
Black & Veatch
This is a global engineering, consulting and construction firm specializes in infrastructure
development for the energy, water, environmental, federal and telecommunications markets.
The company was founded in 1915 and is based in Oakland Park, Kansas.
California America Water
California America (CalAm) is a wholly owned subsidiary of American Water (NYSE: AWK) which
was founded in 1886 and is the largest investor-owned US water and wastewater utility
company. The firm is headquartered in Voorhees, NJ.
CDM Constructors
CDM Constructors, Inc., a consulting environmental engineering company, provides
construction, general contracting, design/build, remediation, equipment fabrication and
construction-related services to public and private clients. It serves water, wastewater and
solid and hazardous waste markets. It was incorporated in 1992 and is based in Cambridge,
MA. It operates as a subsidiary of Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. The company has
approximately 3,500 employees and annual sales revenue of $750 million.
CH2M Hill
CH2M Hill is a global leader in full-service engineering, procurement, construction and
operations. It provides water, wastewater and water resource services to clients worldwide.
The firm has $6.4 billion in revenue and 30,000 employees worldwide.
GHD
GHD is an international network of engineers, architects and environmental scientists serving
clients in the global markets of water, energy and resources, environment, property and
buildings and transportation.
IDE Technologies
IDE provides seawater desalination and water reuse solutions in China, India, Australia and the
US among other countries. The company specializes in research and development of sea,
brackish and process water desalination processes. It was founded in 1965 and is based in
Kadima, Israel. It operates as a subsidiary of Israel Chemicals Ltd.
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Inima
Inima OHL, a subsidiary of Spain-based Obrascon Huarte Lain (OHL) performs mainly
desalination projects in Latin America, Algeria, Morocco and the Middle East. The company
introduced desalination to the US via the Taunton River project in Brockton, MA, and is working
on another endeavor in Florida.
Malcolm Pirnie
This is a private consulting firm focused exclusively on water and environmental issues and
incorporated in 1970. As of July 10, 2009, it operates as a subsidiary of Arcadis US, Inc. an
international engineering company based in Netherlands.
Poseidon Resources
Poseidon specializes in developing and financing water infrastructure projects, primarily
seawater desalination and water treatment plants. Their projects are implemented through P3
arrangements. Poseidon was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in Connecticut. It is
owned by Warbug Pincus, a large investment firm.
Seven Seas Water
The firm was established in 1996 and in 2006 it joined with Aqua Venture Management and
provides water and wastewater treatment services for municipal, industrial and private clients
under the build-own-operate service model. It is a privately owned company and is solidly
funded by clean tech financial investors such as Advent Marrow, Element Partners, Texas
Pacific Group and Virgin Green Fund. It has had a number of P3 projects in the Carribean. It is
headquartered in Tampa, FL.