Apresentação sobre urbanização e migração populacional na China, exibida durante o seminário “População e Desenvolvimento na Agenda do Cairo: balanço e desafios”. Leia mais em: www.sae.gov.br

1. Urbanization and Population
Migration in China
Wang Qian, National Health and Family Planning
Commission of China
March 1, 2014
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

2. Industrialization and
urbanization developed
relatively late in China.
In 1978, the proportion
of urban population wan
only 17.9%.
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

3. Since 1978, China has been
practicing a reform and open policy,
energetically developed its economy
and sped up the process of
industrialization. As a result, a great
quantity of surplus workforce in rural
areas are shifting to non-agricultural
industries. Therefore, a large scale of
population movement is formed.
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

4. Migrant Population: status of
household registration unchanged
Space: away from the province, city,
county, township (sub-district) or
village of household registration
Duration: over half a year
Immigrant Population: status of
household registration changed
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

5. Migration in China is not only related
to time and space, but also related to the
hukou status (household registration)
Migrants: whose residence at the time of census is not the same
as hukou registration place (town or streets) →they move across
administrative border without hukou status change
Note: the identity remains even if they stay in destination for
more than 10 years
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

6. 6
Migrant size and average increase rate
6.57
18.1
70.73
221.43
147.35
102.29
21.35
0
50
100
150
200
250
1982 1987 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Migrantsize(inmillion)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Annualincreaserate

7. 7
Migration profile, 2005-2010
• Size
– household registration differs from residence: 260.94 million
– exclude registration and residence in the same city: 221.03 million
– household registration in other province: 85.88 million
• Intra-provincial: nearly half from urban, about half migrate for
work or study/training
• Inter-provincial: mostly from rural, about 70% migrate for work
Urban-urban Rural-urban Rural-rural Urban-rural
Total migrants 34.4 52.7 10.3 2.6
Intra-provincial 42.9 45.8 8.2 3.2
Inter-provincial 17.0 67.0 14.6 1.4

8. 8
Major destination
• About 70% to
Pearl River
Delta,
Changjiang
Delta, and
Beijing/Tianjin
• Cities with
largest
migration
increase:
– Shanghai
– Beijing
– Tianjin
– Suzhou
Population density,2000

9. 9
Age structure of migrants
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0~4
5~9
10~14
15~19
20~24
25~29
30~34
35~39
40~44
45~49
50~54
55~59
60~64
65+
Men Women

10. 国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
Intra-provincial Inter-provincial Age 20~24, national total
Education M F M F M F
Primary or lower 17.3 22.0 17.3 22.0 6.7 8.1
Middle school 39.1 38.3 39.1 38.3 46.1 47.0
High school 26.2 23.5 26.2 23.5 22.2 19.2
College or above 17.4 16.3 17.4 16.3 25.0 25.7
Education structure of migrants, 2010 (%)

11. 国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
Note: This is the data in 2010.
In 2012, rate of urbanization in China already reached
52.6%.

12. 国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
1983年
22274
1983年
80734
1978年
79014
1978年
17245
1994年
85681
1994年
34169
2010年
67113
2010年
66978
Changes of population quantity in urban and
rural areas in China

13. Characteristics of migrant population:
Annual increase is over 10 million, and those with rural
household registration acount for over 75%.
Trend of whole family migration and long-term residence
is obvious. Individual migration in pendulum type is
gradually changed to migration of the whole nuclear family.
Over 30% migrant population have been living in place
of destination for over 5 years.
Nearly 70 % migrant population take along their spouses,
children and parents.
They enjoy a relatively low level of basic public services,
such as housing, social insurance and child education.
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

14. 国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
Future pattern of urbanization and
population congregation in China

15. 国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC
Problems confronted in the
development of urbanization:
Distribution of urban areas does not match the
carrying capacity of resources and environment.
Medium and small cities do not have sufficient
functions in congregating industries and population.
There are too heavy population pressure on large
cities and megalopolises, “city illness”
Ability in supplying public services in cities is
insufficient. Residence environment of some
migrants-congregated areas is relatively poor.

16. Countermeasures:
Promote coordinated development of
medium and small cities and small towns and
guide for orderly movement of population
Strengthen industrial support in cities,
enhance economic vitality and competitive
ability of cities, improve the level of social
management and public services in cities, and
promote the ability of cities to deal with
population congregation and carrying capacity.
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

17. Countermeasures:
Gradually change the agricultural transit
population into urban residents (with stable
employment, permanent residence and the new
generation)
Promote equilibrium of basic public services
(including child education, ensured housing,
employment, social security, basic medical care
and family planning service)
Promote social integration of migrant
population
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

18. Thank You！
国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC