Subject-verb agreement can be tricky with certain subject types. Basic rules are that singular subjects take singular verbs ending in "s" while plural subjects take plural verbs without "s." However, collective nouns like "army" or "equipment" are singular even if plural. Pronouns like "you" and measurements like "minutes" are also singular. Verbs agreeing with the true subject can be missed if another noun is introduced by "of." Nouns ending in "s" like "physics" are also singular. Understanding these exceptions is important for proper subject-verb agreement.

1. Grammar 101
Subject-Verb Agreement
Rules and Exceptions

2. Learning Objectives

Grasp the rules governing subjects and verbs in
a sentence.

Understand the exceptions.

3. Introduction

Remember that the most basic sentence starts
with a SVO – Subject-Verb-Object.

SVA or Subject Verb agreement describes the
rules that verbs must follow with the subjects.

It is a common source of mistake as all
sentences have subject and verb, since SVO is
the basic structure type.

4. What must agree?

Let's look at some sentences:
1) David is sleeping.
2) There is an alarm ringing in the house
somewhere.
3) David and James like to swim.

Singular verbs end with an 's' while plural verbs
don't.

In (1) and (2), the subjects 'David' and 'an
alarm' are both singular, therefore, 'is' follows.

5. Subject-Verb Agreement (SVA)
One of the basic rules of grammar is that the subject
and verb must agree:
Plural Noun (suffix 's') = Plural Verb (no 's')
Singular Noun (no 's') = Singular Verb (suffix 's')
The suffix 's' and 'es' are used to signal plural and
singular nouns and verbs.
Note: If a noun or a verb ends with a 'y', 'es' is added:
Cry – cries / Fly – flies / worry – worries

6. SVA Advanced Rules
What verbs to use, whether singular or plural,
becomes tricky when the subject is uncommon.
We will discuss a few:
1) Collective Nouns
2) Special Pronouns
3) Measurements
4) Pronoun + 'of'
5) Nouns spelt with 's'

7. 1 - Collective Nouns
A collective noun groups people, animals or objects
together such as:
Army Furniture School Equipment Colony
So, whenever a collective noun is used, it is referred
to as a single unit and hence, takes on singular
verbs. For example,
1) An army approaches.
2) The school is impressive.
3) The equipment is not working.

8. 2 - Special Pronouns
Special Pronouns include:
1) 'You' and 'I' and 2) 'All' and 'None'

The first group takes on plural verbs, such as:
You are strong but I have my friend who is stronger.

The second group takes on both S/P verbs.
When 'All' means everything: All is not lost.
When it refer to many things: All are gone.
When None refers to one: None of the pie was eaten.
When None refers to many: None of the children
were injured.

9. 3 - Measurements
Measurements include those of time, money and
distance.
They all take on singular verbs. For example,
Twenty minutes is all she can wait.
Two kilometres is not a long distance to run.
Two dollars is not a lot of money.
Regardless of the quantity in time, money and
distance, they all take on singular verbs.

10. 4 - Pronouns + 'of'
We are often tricked by the number and person of
the noun following 'of', even if the singularity of
the true subject is obvious.
In a moment of carelessness, for example,
A basket of apples were standing on the table. or
Each of us have finished our work.
These should be:
A basket of apples was standing on the table. and
Each of us has finished our work.

11. 5 – Nouns with 's'
We are also tricked by nouns that are spelt with 's'.
For example,
News Banks Physics Mathematics
1) The good news is that we have been selected.
2) The river banks is overflowing.
3) Physics is not an easy subject for some.
4) Mathematics is easy once you have enough
practice.

12. Learning Activity
For each of the question, use the correct verb to
agree with the subject.
1) All of us ___ interested in the outing.
2) None of the children ___ absent from school.
3) The quality of these watches ___ good.
4) My favourite food ___ chicken rice.
5) Neither you nor he ___ to be rewarded.
6) The news ___ so sad.

13. Discussion
What do the SVA advanced rules teach us about
certain subjects?

14. In Summary
SVA Advanced Rules teach us that we need to be
careful with some subjects as they are tricky.