Upmc tpdev6

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© 2016 IBM Corporation
TPDEV
UPMC STL M2 – 2016/2017
Jean-Yves B. Rigolet
IBM Cloud, France Lab
rigolet.j@fr.ibm.com
Apporter de l'agilité dans les règles métiers
des applications en entreprise

Apporter de l'agilité dans les règles métiers des applications en entreprise
TPDEV
2
Agenda
n Introduction
n Decision management
n Rule artifacts
n Modules & architecture
n Design rules based applications
n Request-driven decision
n Towards situation-driven decision

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Imagine the situation...
§A hotel chain is rebuilding its reservation
system
§They want to provide their clients with a
mobile app
§A first version of the application will be built
§The application should provide the client
with hotels and rooms matching his request

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The pricing model
§The price of a room is based on the location of the hotel, the
occupancy rate, the duration of the stay, how early the room is
booked
Number of
Days in
advance
Occupancy
Rate Discount
>7 any -30% early booking
1-7 >60% 0 standard rate
30% - 60% -20%
<30% -50% last minute

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From input to results
Hotels, Room
availability and
base price
Business logic
hardcoded in
the application
back-end code

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The app is live but…
Stakeholders came back with additional requests to review the
pricing model
Occupancy Rate and Discount need to be reviewed
Additional parameters need to be considered
User profile, age, previous reservations, brand loyalty have to be
factored into the pricing to offer the best rate
Business logic is hardcoded in the application backend code,
quickly this will become a nightmare to maintain…

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What could have helped developers & users?
1) Externalize the business logic
2) Be able to react quickly to integrate updates to the pricing
computation
3) Reduce the time between new business request and the go live
è Business Decision systems can help developers to solve all these

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8
Agenda
n Introduction
n Rule artifacts

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And They Change Frequently
Benefit calculation
Fraud detection
Eligibility
Pricing
Underwriting
Loan
Tax calculation
Billing
Product Recommendation
Compliance Screening
Commissions / Royalties
Up-sell/Cross-sell offer
Business Decisions are Everywhere…
Let’s create a special promotion
for our best customers.
We need to add an eligibility
check to meet the requirements
of the new regulation.
This transaction looks
suspicious. Can we detect
fraud automatically ?
Can we automate approvals
for this type of order?

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Disparate system / personalities / skills
/ channels
Decisions are not consistent across
the organization
To much manual tasks and data to
handle to make decisions
Decisions cannot be made at the right
moment and on time
Business is asking for more agility IT
can support
It is hard to keep decisions up to date
Business logic is in people’s mind or
application code
It is hard to understand how decisions
are made
Development skills are required to
update automated decisions
Lack of decisions ownership for
business stakeholders
What we hear from companies

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Focuses on the automation and
governance of frequently
occurring, repeatable decisions
that control critical business
systems
Closely integrated with:
§Analytical Decision Management
§Business Process Management
Enabled by:
§Business Rule Management
§Business Events Processing
Decision
Management
Focuses on the development and
deployment of decision support
systems with intelligence and
predictive insight into repeatable
decisions.
Closely integrated with:
§Operational Decision Management
§Business Intelligence
Enabled by:
§Business Analytics
§Predictive Modeling
§Optimization
Operational Decision Management Analytical Decision Management
11
Decision Management: Two branches

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What is an Operational Decision ?
Contextual Decisions
Application, Process, Service invokes a specific Decision, passing
information to be processed by the rules,
The contextual rules process the information are form a result
Once complete the Decision passes a result back to the Application,
Process or Service to take action on
Combination of contextual and/or temporal rule logic
Validation Decision
§Eligibility
Calculation Decision
§Pricing
Classification Decision
§Gold, Silver, Bronze
Occurrence of Decision
§If customer asks for 3
quotes in 24 hours
then
provide 2% discount
for immediate acceptance
Missing Events Decision
§If medical equipment event
is not receive every 1 hour
then send alert to medical staff
Situational Decisions
Specific situations are defined in event rules looking for
specific known sequences which should be correlated
from a real-time stream of events.
When the known sequence of rules matches a specific
sequence of events, then either
1. This simple decision takes some immediate Action
2.A synchronous decision is invoked to do additional
processing, prior to making a decision and taking some
action.
12

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Providing an easily manageable, single source of
truth for operational business decisions
Codifies business
policies, practices
and regulations
Empowers business
users to easily
author and make
changes
Automates decision
making with context
Operational decision management transforms business
outcomes

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The traditional (ad hoc) approach of
dealing with rule changes leads to…
M Reduced organizational agility
M Reduced employee productivity
M Increased load on IT
Issues
§ Rules are hidden in code or isolated within
the organization
§ Changes are hard to track and maintain over
time
§ Rules used by systems have to be
programmed and require IT resources
§ Duplication and multiple versions of the same
rules
§ Lack of auditability, traceability
§ Decision changes cannot be easily tested or
simulated
Where Decisions Typically Exist
Applications
Processes
People
Documents
Traditional Approach for Managing Decision Change

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§ Eliminate decision silos
§ Make decision logic accessible to
Business and IT
§ Implement fine-grained, context-
specific logic
IBM Operational Decision Manager
Decisions are Defined,
Analyzed and Maintained
Manage
Rules are Stored and Shared
Share
Decisions are Executed and
Monitored
Execute
Where Decisions Typically Exist
Applications
Processes
Documents
People
Externalize and Manage Business Decisions

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A
c
t
i
o
n
R
u
l
e
s
Decision
Tables
Rule
Flows
E
v
e
n
t
R
u
l
e
s
Score
Cards
Simple Decision Artifacts Supporting Complex Decisions

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Business Contexts
Vehicle (VIN, Manufacturer, Data, Type, Brand)
Flight (FID, Airline, Depart, Destination, Distance, Date)
Passenger(age, address, gender, frequent traveler level, company)
Order (Amount, items)
Plant (Location; production, Profitability)
Promotion (Code, amount, type, article)
Business Decisions
Business Rule Examples
Reasoning with
Request Driven
Internationalized
Understanding a Business Rule

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Event Rule Example
Aggregate Rule
Situation Driven
Triggered by
Event Triggers
Customer withdraw in an ATM
Incoming call at the call center
RFID badge detected at the room entrance
Debts threshold exceeded
Application form submitted
Application rejected
Low temperature detected
Absence of expected event
Understanding an Event Rule

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Test
Construct
Design
Validate
Author
Analyze
Change
Request
Manage and Monitor
Functional enhancements
Deploy
Deploy
Deploy
Deploy
Deploy
Deploy
Change
Request
Change
Request
Change
Request
Rule Management Lifecycle
Traditional Software Development Lifecycle
Functional enhancements
Validate
Author
Analyze
Validate
Author
Analyze
Validate
Author
Analyze
Test
Construct
Design
> 4-6 months
< 1 month
Decisions Need to Change Faster

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What does it enable?
§Reduce time and resources required to
deploy changes
§Author and maintain rules using non-
technical language
§Express decision logic with increased
precision
§Make decisions based on specific context
§Increase decision automation
§Improve visibility and understanding of
how decisions control systems
What is the value?
§Lower maintenance costs; respond quickly
to change
§Business experts can manage and
validate decision logic
§Increase profitability of product, pricing
and promotional offerings
§Customize decisions when possible,
standardize if needed
§Improve process efficiency
§Ensure compliance; enable sharing/re-use
of decision logic
Manage Execute
Share
Benefits of the ODM Approach

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21
Agenda
n Introduction
n Rule artifacts

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Designing the application
22
BOM / XOM / Vocabulary
§ eXecutable Object Model - XOM
§ Java / XML
§ Business Object Model - BOM
§ Virtual methods, B2X
§ Vocabulary
§ Verbalization of the BOM members
§ Setting the parameters
§ Parameters are verbalized
§ Authoring the rules
§ Several kinds of rule artifacts

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§ Basic to cross validations
§ Derivations
§ Computation
§ Scoring
§ Rating
§ (etc.)
A common framework for different types of business decisions
§ Time based reasoning
§ Missing events
§ Synthetic events
§ Dynamic context
§ Late-binding
§ (etc.)
Business Event Rule
IF
the number of hits on this Web page in a five-minute
period exceeds the daily average by more than 50%,
THEN
bring up a second Web server and notify the marketing
department.
23
Business Rule
IF
the age of driver is less than 25 and
the number of accidents of driver is at least 3
THEN
the driver is considered as a high risk driver
Common Functionality Between Rules
§ Customizable vocabulary specific to your organization, industry, application (etc.)
§ Supports language localization
§ Integrates with external data sources (e.g. list of countries)
§ Drop down lists for customized domain data
§ Templates facilitate new rule and event creation
Business Language for Rules and Events

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Business Model (BOM) Vocabulary
Loan
§amount
§loanScore
§riskScore
§approve(message)
§reject(message)
The file is ready
§ The amount
§ The score
§ The risk score
§ Accept the loan with …
§ Reject the loan with …
Technical Model
Rule Language
Intuitive business policy modelling

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Examples of Natural Language Syntax

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Built-in
Gap/Overlap
Checking
Automatic Rule Generation
from Tables & Scorecards
Actions
26
Decision Tables and Scorecards

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Actions
Condition
Values
Automatic Rule
generation
Built-in
Gap/Overlap
checking
Visualize decisions and all possible
outcomes
27
Rule Authoring: Decision Trees

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Function
Task
Pre/Post
Conditions
Rule
Task
Flow
Conditions
Model and control rule
execution sequence
28
Rule Authoring: Visual Ruleflows

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29
Agenda
n Introduction
n Rule artifacts

TPDEV
Application design
and environment
configuration
Decision Center
Manage
Rules
Service
management
and monitoring
Design Monitor
Decision Server
Mobile
Enterprise
Application
POS BPM CRM
Business Users Environment for
Intuitive policy updates,
point and click decision validation
& social media style collaboration
Govern
Rules
Decision Server Insights
Available in ODM Advanced
Decision Server Rules
Policy Manager
Policy centralization,
rules versioning and
decision sharing
Synchronization
&
Deployment
Execute decisions and
expose services
Developer /
Architect
System
Administrator
Rule Administrator
Operational Decision Manager

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Rule Designer (Eclipse) Enterprise Console
Decision
Repository
Define, maintain, govern and
validate business rules
§Use natural language to define rules
§Multilanguage handling
§Business Users oriented tooling
Centralize business Rules
§Security and robustness
§Versioning, Permissions, simulation…
§Externalize and centralize business
knowledge
Share, execute and monitor
Business Rules Services
§Platform independent
§Scalability
§Standards based technology
§Performance
Business Console
Developer / Architect Rule Administrator Policy Manager
System Administrator
Design Govern Update
Executes
ODM Users

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Manage changes in a safe and predictable environment
Model
A
u
t
h
o
r
Validate
T
e
s
t
Deploy
Execute
Monitor
A
n
a
l
y
z
e
Business
Analyst
System
Administrator
Complex
Decisions
Rule Administrator
Developer / Architect
Policy Manager
Full Decision Lifecycle Management

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IBM Business Rules service & Bluemix
IBM Bluemix
One
app
Another
app
Business Rules
service instance
Author business rules with Rule
Designer plug-ins for Eclipse
Deploy
business
rules
Develop and push app code
Call the
service
Users access
apps from their
devices
Non-Bluemix apps
can call the service
too
Call the service

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IBM Business Rules and IBM ODM
IBM Business Rules IBM ODM
on-prem
IBM ODM on
SoftLayer
IBM ODM in
PureApplication
Service on
SoftLayer
Type PaaS On-Prem IaaS IaaS
Target
Bluemix audience, Web and
Mobile developers
Traditional ODM customer where
Bluemix environment/response
time are sufficient
Traditional customer.
Business and IT get engaged
Capabilities
Business rules authoring (Rule
Designer),
rule execution in Bluemix
Full ODM feature set:
Business Rules, Events, Decision Center,
Validation Services, Testing, Local and Remote
Debugging
Operations Managed by IBM Managed by the customer (or with additional service
engagement)

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35
Agenda
n Introduction
n Rule artifacts

TPDEV
Model/Author
§ Capture business objects
§ Vocabularies
§ Projects structure and organization
§ Rules templates and authoring
Validate/Test
§ Step-by-step debugging
§ Value inspectors
§ Test and simulation suites definition
§ Completeness reports
Configure
§ Business environment (Decision Center)
Deploy
§ Deployment to Decision Server Rules
Designing rules based applications

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§ Design XOM, BOM, Vocabulary
§ Setting the parameters
§ Writing the rules
§ Debugging
§ Testing
è An executable ruleset
§ 3 possibilities:
§ Embedded engine integration
§ Rule Execution Server
§ Decision Center
Designing the application
37
Synchronization
Deployment
Integration
Rule Designer functions

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§ Eclipse based
§ Java project / Rule project
§ Project map to guide the steps
§ Eclipse style windows & interactions
§ Assistance
§ Auto-completion in rule editor
§ Re-factoring, when BOM changes
§ Java, XML, WSDL data integration
§ Productivity
§ Dedicated rules and events perspective
§ Integrated Rules and Java debugging
Low Cost of Ownership for Developers
38
Rule Designer

TPDEV
§ Business modeling support
§ eXecutable Object Model - XOM
§ Java XOM / XML XOM
§ Business Object Model - BOM
§ Business Vocabulary
§ Rule Templates creation
§ RuleFlow
§ Queries
§ Support for large organizations
§ Modular Business Object Model
§ Modular Project organization
§ Semantic queries
39
Design & development

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40
Agenda
n Introduction
n Rule artifacts

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§ High performance and scalable rule execution
§ Support transactional and batch rule execution
§ Inference (forward-chaining) and sequential rule engine
§ Cluster enabled
§ Integrate with Java, XML, WSDL, Enterprise COBOL
§ Exposes rule services as
§ Rule Session (POJO, EJB or MDB)
§ Transparent Decision Services (Web Services)
§ Rule services management & monitoring
§ Rule Persistence and Versioning
§ Rule Execution statistics & trace
§ JMX-based administration console
§ RESTful Execution API to invoke business decisions from IBM Worklight mobile applications
Executing decisions with high performance and scalability

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Leverage a wide range of platforms to meet the varying needs of enterprise architectures
Decision Center
(Windows, AIX, Linux, z/Linux, z/OS, PureApp)
Multiple
z/OS
deployment
options
Windows AIX Linux, z/Linux z/OS
Repository
PureApp
Deploying decisions on a wide range of environments

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§ Access rule artifacts concurrently without conflict or delay
§ Represent complex policies using rule overrides and
hierarchies
§ Take control of very large rulebases
with Smart Views, easy search
and reporting
§ Get automatic notification of potential
rule conflicts, redundancies
§ See where rules are used across
projects using queries
§ Hot-deploy rule and event changes in minutes
§ Secure, integrated with enterprise security facility including
single sign-on
§ Multiple release management supporting diff and merge
Enterprise Console
Advanced rule management for administrators

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§ End-to-end decision update
management cycle including test
and deployment
§ Built-in Decision Governance
Framework methodology
§ Maintain awareness across the
team
§ Ensure automatic notifications
of changes to the team
Business Console
Intuitive, Easy, Fast
Enabling business users to securely manage policy updates

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Abu
create a
Snapshot
John
Create a
Snapshot
A Baseline
Is automatically
created
John
Run a
Simulation
Adam
Deploy
On prod2
Abu
Run
UAT scenarios
Joe Create
Comprehensive
Base Premium
John Create
Roadside
Base Premium
Abu
Deploy
For UAT
Williams & Averell
approve
the release
Bea update
Comprehensive
Discount
John Create
Roadside
Discount
Release is Complete
Release is In Progress
Adam
Deploy
on prod 1
Paul
Create a
Release
Rule management activities occur
in the context of a release
Release objectives are
documented
To complete, a Release must
be reviewed and approved
Release has
A due date
A status
An owner
Securing policy updates through a Governance Framework

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Manage Rules Meta-Data
Manage Rules Life-Cycle,
Validation and Deployment
Validated
Inactive
Deployable
Retired
New
Rejected
Defined
Expert
Expert
Expert Expert
Responsable
Admin Admin
Admin
Admin
Admin
Trace and Compare rules modifications using
History and Versioning
Find, modify, compare, deploy, generate reports
with Semantic Queries
Governance and Business Rules Life Cycle

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Define Simulation
§ KPIs defined in natural language
§ Simulation Data
Design Simulation Reports
§ Point and click report edition
§ Use of Graph objects for KPI rendering
Execute
§ Dedicated simulation environment
§ Isolated from production servers
§ Integrated as part of the Validation Activity in
the Decision Governance Framework
Analyze
§ Simulation reports
§ Side-by-side comparison
Simulation within the Business Console
Decision validation and impact analysis

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48
Agenda
n Introduction
n Rule artifacts

TPDEV
A national airline monitors the journey of its customers,
pro-actively informing them of schedule changes and
compensating for any inconveniences.
Optimize the traveler experience and
proactively address and mitigate
imponderables?
A national railway company monitor their freight
operations to optimize fuel consumption, enable
predictive maintenance, facilitate re-planning and
continuously inform customers about reached
milestone or unexpected delays.
Maximize the efficiency of my
operations and predict equipment
maintenance?
A global financial services firm wants to be aware of all
client activities across all channels – on premise, call
center, online, social media, etc. – to be able to better
serve their clients’ needs.
Make my advisors always-aware of
client activities and needs?
A payment processing organization tracks
transactions, establishes trends, detects patterns and
predicts risks to identify fraud situations, take
appropriate actions and alert the involved parties.
Detect more complex patterns of fraud
and update them faster?
What if I could…

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Processes
System of Records
Social Media
Sensors
Data Warehouse
Business Events
Situation Detection & Action
Information Bus
Mobile Devices
System of Engagement
Four Steps toward decision making in context

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Decision Server Insights enables you to quickly leverage your active or passive
information sources through a comprehensive set of integration capabilities.
Processes
Social Media
System of Records
Data Warehouse
Sensors
Mobile Devices
Information Bus

TPDEV

TPDEV
§ Generalized used on business-friendly modeling across all aspects of the decision model design and
management
§ Rich time modeling, reasoning and analytics to detect and respond to the most intricate patterns and
trends
§ Innovative global analytics to extract insights over populations of business entities in near real-time
and leverage them to further optimize decision models

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Decision Server Insights’ enables you to consistently engage in the
business moment by pushing actions to the participants, processes and
systems most relevant to execute them.

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Decision Server Insights wraps business rules, events, predictive and real-time analytics in an
integrated, easy to operate, elastic platform allowing continuous analysis and optimized decisions at the time
of interaction leveraging the enterprise’s up-to-date analytic models and business policies.
Eclipse Development Tools
Eclipse-based IDE to develop solutions where
business logic is captured using high-level
business-centric languages, including model
definition, business rules, analytics … Enterprise Bus
JMS
Events
HTTP JMS
HTTP
Runtime
DR
DB
JVM
JVM
JVM
JVM
JVM
JVM
JVM
JVM
Scoring
engine
Efficient, elastic, scalable, in-memory compute and
data grid to maintain stateful context of business
entities and apply event-processing logic at the time
of interaction.
Deploy
Liberty & Extreme Scale
Decision Server Insights at a glance

TPDEV
Insights Designer
(Eclipse perspective)
§ Model Entities
§ Model Events
§ Create Agents
§ Manage Business Logic
§ Deploy to DSI
§ Routes Events
§ Persists context
§ Manages Aggregates
§ Executes Agents
§ Manages predictive Models
§ Compute scores
Decision Server Insights and Insights Designer

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Insights Core Building Blocks

TPDEV
Agent
Event
An event is related to
one or more entities.
Upon receipt by the
system the event is
routed to those entities
Event
History
Entity stores
basic data about
the business
entity, along with
necessary event
history
Agents are bound to
entities, and process
specific events
Agents may emit new
events, either internal to the
solution to trigger additional
event-entity-agent bindings,
or externally, to trigger
system actions
Rules
Predictive Models
Java
Agents are
logic
fragments
implemente
d in one of
three ways
Entity
Programming Model

TPDEV
Insights
Designer
Management
& Monitoring
Event
Producers
Action
Consumers
Enterprise Service Bus
(Validation, Transformation,
Routing, Enrichment)
Rule
Agents
Java
Agents
SPSS
Agents
Event
Aggregates
Entity
Aggregates
Elastic Entity Store
(WebSphere eXtreme Scale)
Connectivity
(IBM Integration Bus*, Java API, JMS and HTTP)
WebSphere Liberty
Compute Grid
(WebSphere eXtreme Scale & X10)
Decision Engine, Scheduling, State Management
IBM SPSS
*IBM Integration Bus is included as a Supporting Program, which can only be used for development and test purposes.
Persistent
Data Store
(DB2)
Integrating business rules, events, predictive analytics capabilities in a single
platform
High Level Architecture

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§Dedicated eclipse perspective
§Model design through intuitive
natural language editors
§Solution map providing
step-by-step assistance for
starting up new insights projects
Single environment to manage events rules and SPSS
Insights Designer

TPDEV
Automatic
completion
Highlighted
terms and
vocabulary
Declarative
Model
Inline error
detection
For capturing models and business logic
Intuitive Natural Language Editors

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a car is a business entity identified by a vin with
a make,
a model,
a year (integer).
a car is related to a policy.
a customer is a business entity identified by an email with
a first name,
a last name,
an address,
a mobile number,
a sex.
clear and suspect are fraud statuses.
a policy is a business entity identified by an id.
a policy has a start (date & time).
a policy has an end (date & time).
a policy is related to a car.
a policy is related to a customer.
a policy has a fraud status.
§ Entities are used to support
the business model
§ Entities have an identifier
and their own lifecycle.
Model Entities

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a policy purchase is a business event time-stamped by
a date (date & time) with
a start (date & time),
a end (date & time).
a policy purchase is related to a car.
a policy purchase is related to a customer.
a policy purchase is related to a policy.
a policy cancellation is a business event time-stamped by
a date (date & time).
a policy cancellation is related to a policy.
a policy cancellation is related to a customer.
a vehicle event is a business event time-stamped by
a date (date & time).
a vehicle event is related to a car.
a vehicle event is related to an incident.
a vehicle event has an address.
an accident is a vehicle event with
a severity.
a recovery is a vehicle event with
a cost (numeric).
a repair is a vehicle event with
a cost (numeric),
a dealer.
§ Used to describe what happens or can
happen
§ Events are the representation of
messages that are coming from the
outside world
§ Events have a time of occurrence
Model Events

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'car agent' is an agent related to a car,
processing events :
- accident, where this car comes from the car of this accident
Describe the Bound Entity and Subscribe to Events of interest
Implement business logic processing the Events:
§In Java or Business Rules
Agent Implementation

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§ SPSS Model is created in SPSS Modeler
§ A scoring server is exposed in SPSS Runtime Infrastructure
§ Dedicated wizard to create an “SPSS Agent”
linked to the scoring server
§ The SPSS Agent invokes the scoring server
and updates entity state with score value,
given the context
Leverage SPSS predictive model in the decision
Predictive Agent

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Processes
Social Media
System of Records
Data Warehouse
Sensors
Mobile Devices
Information Bus
Building the Context

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Knowledge about a current event
Knowledge about a particular business
entity which that event may impact
Knowledge about past events related to
that business entity
Partial knowledge about the expected
future course of events
Knowledge about
population of entities
Trigger Action
Building a decision context aggregating disparate
knowledge source has never been so simple
Simple Context Building in one single rule

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Detect
a
Risk
Size
an
opportunity
More Decision Server Insights rule examples

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Outside
World
Sensors
Mobiles
Web
Solution
Gateway
Event
Decide
Entity Agent
Integrating Decision Server Insights

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Business Logic Updates Analytics Updates Business Model Updates Base Application Updates
Operations Continuity
Immediate impact of changes
The decision context is kept during update operations
High Availability and Continuity of Service

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Decision Server Advanced enable Customers to
easily leverage the power and adaptability of
analytics at the time of interaction
Precision is critical for businesses to
differentiate
Decision Server Advanced solutions works at
scale along all dimensions
Self-serve mobile applications and the
emergence of the Internet of things are
pushing the envelop
ODM Decision Server Advanced Provide the
flexibility and agility of prescriptive Decision
Management in a situational context
Emerging Marketing, Fraud, customer
care, compliance, operation management
scenarios involves complex, variable
and dynamic decision-making
Decision Server Advanced offers a simple yet
powerful model-driven approach that limit
complexity and risks
Organizations have limited experience
and specialized skills are scarce
ODM Decision Server Insights – Key Benefits

TPDEV
72

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