Xray fluorescent radiation therapy and for science teacher remember that you are you ready for you guys are doing something right there with me chemistry
3. A Presentation by,
Mr. Amar Mahadev Shinde
Under the Guidance of :
Prof. Dr. V. A. Kalantre
(Head of the Department)
4. Topic of the Presentation:
Applications of X- Ray Fluorescence, X- Ray
Diffraction .
5. Contents :
1) X- Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis Definition
2) Applications of X- Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
3) X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis Definition
4) Applications of X- Ray Diffraction (XRD)
6. X- Ray Fluorescence :
It basically involves irradiating a
sample with X- Rays, which causes the
emission of characteristic X- rays, from
the elements present in the sample. By
detecting and analysing these emitted
X-rays, the elemental composition of the
material can be identified and
quantified.
7. Applications of X- Ray Fluorescence :
1) Elemental analysis in industry: XRF is widely used in
industries such as mining, metallurgy and manufacture
of rapid and non destructive elemental analysis of
materials. It helps in quality control, ensuring the desired
composition of alloys, metals and other materials.
8. 2) In agriculture : For the determination of trace
metals or elements in plants & food.
Detection of insecticides on fruits and vegetables.
The continuous determination of Phosphorous in
fertilisers.
3) In medicine: For the determination of Chloride in blood
serum.
For the determination of strontium and calcium in blood
serum and bone tissue.
9. 4) In the rubber industry, the determination of
vulcanizing element, Sulfur, can be done by XRF. This
is a means of ensuring the production of high quality
rubber.
5) The determination of additives in motor oil by
determining Ba, Zn, P, Ca, Chloride & determination of
Pb or S in gasoline is carried out by XRF.
10. X- Ray diffraction:
X- Ray diffraction is a technique used to study the
arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice by analyzing
the diffraction pattern produced when X- rays interact
with a crystalline material.
11. Applications of X- Ray diffraction:
1) Structure of Crystals: The method is non detructive & gives
information on the molecular structure of the sample. Perhaps its
most important use has been to measure the size of crystal plane.
The patterns obtained are characteristic of particular compounds
from which the crystal was formed.
12. 2) Polymer characterisation: Powder method can be
used to determine the degree of crystallization of the
polymer. The non crystalline portion simply scatters
the X- ray beam to give a continuous background
while the crystalline portion causes diffraction lines
that are discontinuous.
3) State of anneal in metals : A property of metals
that can be determined by X- ray diffraction is the
state of anneal. Well annealed metals are in well
ordered crystal form and give sharp diffraction lines.
If the metal is subjected to drilling, hammering or 3)
13. If the metal is subjected to drilling, hammering or bending , it
becomes fatigued, that is , its crystal become broken and the
X- ray patterns are diffused.
4) Determination of cis- trans isomerism in complexes: XRD
has been used to make the distinction between cis and trans
isomerism of complexes.Example is the structure of Bis-
nickel (II) dihydrate.
5) X- ray diffraction can also be used to asses the weathering
and degradation of natural and synthetic mineral. By
experimentation , the factors responsible for the degradation
can be revealed.
