LFI-CAM: Learning Feature Importance for Better Visual Explanation광희 이
LFI-CAM is a novel neural network architecture that performs image classification and visual explanation in an end-to-end manner. It uses a Feature Importance Network to learn feature importance rather than directly generating an attention map, resulting in more reliable and consistent explanations. Experiments show LFI-CAM matches or exceeds baseline models on classification accuracy while generating higher quality attention maps.
Learning Disentangled Representation for Robust Person Re-identificationNAVER Engineering
We address the problem of person re-identification (reID), that is, retrieving person images from a large dataset, given a query image of the person of interest. The key challenge is to learn person representations robust to intra-class variations, as different persons can have the same attribute and the same person's appearance looks different with viewpoint changes. Recent reID methods focus on learning discriminative features but robust to only a particular factor of variations (e.g., human pose) and this requires corresponding supervisory signals (e.g., pose annotations). To tackle this problem, we propose to disentangle identity-related and -unrelated features from person images. Identity-related features contain information useful for specifying a particular person (e.g.,clothing), while identity-unrelated ones hold other factors (e.g., human pose, scale changes). To this end, we introduce a new generative adversarial network, dubbed identity shuffle GAN (IS-GAN), that factorizes these features using identification labels without any auxiliary information. We also propose an identity shuffling technique to regularize the disentangled features. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of IS-GAN, largely outperforming the state of the art on standard reID benchmarks including the Market-1501, CUHK03 and DukeMTMC-reID. Our code and models will be available online at the time of the publication.
1) The document discusses using data in deep learning models, including understanding the limitations of data and how it is acquired.
2) It describes techniques for image matching using multi-view geometry, including finding corresponding points across images and triangulating them to determine camera pose.
3) Recent works aim to improve localization of objects in images using multiple instance learning approaches that can learn without full supervision or through more stable optimization methods like linearizing sampling operations.
Cross-domain complementary learning with synthetic data for multi-person part...哲东 郑
This document proposes a cross-domain complementary learning method with synthetic data for multi-person part segmentation. The method trains two modules interchangeably: one on synthetic data to predict keypoints and part segmentation, and one on real data to predict keypoints. By sharing parameters between the modules and leveraging the common skeleton representation in both domains, the method is able to transfer knowledge between synthetic and real data to improve part segmentation performance without requiring real part labels. Experimental results show the method outperforms alternatives that only use synthetic or real data, demonstrating it can relax labeling requirements for multi-person part segmentation tasks.
Synthesizing pseudo 2.5 d content from monocular videos for mixed realityNAVER Engineering
Free-viewpoint video (FVV) is a kind of advanced media that provides a more immersive user experience than traditional media. It allows users to interact with content because users can view media at the desired viewpoint and is becoming a next-generation media.
In creating FVV content, existing systems require complex and specialized capturing equipment and has low end-user usability because it needs a lot of expertise to use the system. This becomes an inconvenience for individuals or small organizations who want to create content and limits the end user’s ability to create FVV-based user-generated content (UGC) and inhibits the creation and sharing of various created content.
To tackle these problems, ParaPara is proposed in this work. ParaPara is an end-to-end system that uses a simple yet effective method to generate pseudo-2.5D FVV content from monocular videos, unlike the previously proposed systems. First, the system detects persons from the monocular video through a deep neural network, calculates the real-world homography matrix based on the minimal user interaction, and estimates the pseudo-3D positions of the detected persons. Then, person textures are extracted using general image processing algorithms and placed at the estimated real-world positions. Finally, the pseudo-2.5D content is synthesized from these elements. The content, which is synthesized by the proposed system, is implemented on Microsoft HoloLens; the user can freely place the generated content on the real world and watch it on a free viewpoint.
Backbone can not be trained at once rolling back to pre trained network for p...NAVER Engineering
This document discusses a technique called "rolling back" to pre-trained networks for improving person re-identification (ReID) in deep learning models. ReID aims to match images of the same person across non-overlapping camera views. The technique involves fine-tuning a pre-trained convolutional neural network on a ReID dataset, but periodically rolling back higher-level layers to their original pre-trained weights to allow lower-level layers to train more. This incremental rolling back approach leads to better generalization performance compared to standard fine-tuning, achieving state-of-the-art results on ReID benchmarks without using additional data or model structures.
LFI-CAM: Learning Feature Importance for Better Visual Explanation광희 이
LFI-CAM is a novel neural network architecture that performs image classification and visual explanation in an end-to-end manner. It uses a Feature Importance Network to learn feature importance rather than directly generating an attention map, resulting in more reliable and consistent explanations. Experiments show LFI-CAM matches or exceeds baseline models on classification accuracy while generating higher quality attention maps.
Learning Disentangled Representation for Robust Person Re-identificationNAVER Engineering
We address the problem of person re-identification (reID), that is, retrieving person images from a large dataset, given a query image of the person of interest. The key challenge is to learn person representations robust to intra-class variations, as different persons can have the same attribute and the same person's appearance looks different with viewpoint changes. Recent reID methods focus on learning discriminative features but robust to only a particular factor of variations (e.g., human pose) and this requires corresponding supervisory signals (e.g., pose annotations). To tackle this problem, we propose to disentangle identity-related and -unrelated features from person images. Identity-related features contain information useful for specifying a particular person (e.g.,clothing), while identity-unrelated ones hold other factors (e.g., human pose, scale changes). To this end, we introduce a new generative adversarial network, dubbed identity shuffle GAN (IS-GAN), that factorizes these features using identification labels without any auxiliary information. We also propose an identity shuffling technique to regularize the disentangled features. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of IS-GAN, largely outperforming the state of the art on standard reID benchmarks including the Market-1501, CUHK03 and DukeMTMC-reID. Our code and models will be available online at the time of the publication.
1) The document discusses using data in deep learning models, including understanding the limitations of data and how it is acquired.
2) It describes techniques for image matching using multi-view geometry, including finding corresponding points across images and triangulating them to determine camera pose.
3) Recent works aim to improve localization of objects in images using multiple instance learning approaches that can learn without full supervision or through more stable optimization methods like linearizing sampling operations.
Cross-domain complementary learning with synthetic data for multi-person part...哲东 郑
This document proposes a cross-domain complementary learning method with synthetic data for multi-person part segmentation. The method trains two modules interchangeably: one on synthetic data to predict keypoints and part segmentation, and one on real data to predict keypoints. By sharing parameters between the modules and leveraging the common skeleton representation in both domains, the method is able to transfer knowledge between synthetic and real data to improve part segmentation performance without requiring real part labels. Experimental results show the method outperforms alternatives that only use synthetic or real data, demonstrating it can relax labeling requirements for multi-person part segmentation tasks.
Synthesizing pseudo 2.5 d content from monocular videos for mixed realityNAVER Engineering
Free-viewpoint video (FVV) is a kind of advanced media that provides a more immersive user experience than traditional media. It allows users to interact with content because users can view media at the desired viewpoint and is becoming a next-generation media.
In creating FVV content, existing systems require complex and specialized capturing equipment and has low end-user usability because it needs a lot of expertise to use the system. This becomes an inconvenience for individuals or small organizations who want to create content and limits the end user’s ability to create FVV-based user-generated content (UGC) and inhibits the creation and sharing of various created content.
To tackle these problems, ParaPara is proposed in this work. ParaPara is an end-to-end system that uses a simple yet effective method to generate pseudo-2.5D FVV content from monocular videos, unlike the previously proposed systems. First, the system detects persons from the monocular video through a deep neural network, calculates the real-world homography matrix based on the minimal user interaction, and estimates the pseudo-3D positions of the detected persons. Then, person textures are extracted using general image processing algorithms and placed at the estimated real-world positions. Finally, the pseudo-2.5D content is synthesized from these elements. The content, which is synthesized by the proposed system, is implemented on Microsoft HoloLens; the user can freely place the generated content on the real world and watch it on a free viewpoint.
Backbone can not be trained at once rolling back to pre trained network for p...NAVER Engineering
This document discusses a technique called "rolling back" to pre-trained networks for improving person re-identification (ReID) in deep learning models. ReID aims to match images of the same person across non-overlapping camera views. The technique involves fine-tuning a pre-trained convolutional neural network on a ReID dataset, but periodically rolling back higher-level layers to their original pre-trained weights to allow lower-level layers to train more. This incremental rolling back approach leads to better generalization performance compared to standard fine-tuning, achieving state-of-the-art results on ReID benchmarks without using additional data or model structures.
Seminar presentation about :
Automatic Image Annotation structure: shallow and deep,
cons and pros of different features and classification methods in AIA and
useful information about databases,toolboxes, authors
STEP is a new framework for video action detection that uses progressive learning with spatial refinement and temporal extension. It aims to effectively model temporal information while efficiently detecting actions using a small number of proposals. The approach starts with initial proposals and refines their spatial boundaries and temporally extends the tubelets in progressive steps. Experiments on UCF101-24 and AVA datasets show it achieves state-of-the-art performance using only 11 proposals, demonstrating its efficiency. Ablation studies validate the importance of temporal modeling and adaptive temporal extension.
Modeling perceptual similarity and shift invariance in deep networksNAVER Engineering
Abstract: While it is nearly effortless for humans to quickly assess the perceptual similarity between two images, the underlying processes are thought to be quite complex. Despite this, the most widely used perceptual metrics today, such as PSNR and SSIM, are simple, shallow functions, and fail to account for many nuances of human perception. Recently, the deep learning community has found that features of the VGG network trained on ImageNet classification have been remarkably useful as a training loss for image synthesis. But how perceptual are these so-called "perceptual losses"? What elements are critical for their success? To answer these questions, we introduce a new dataset of human perceptual similarity judgments. We systematically evaluate deep features across different architectures and tasks and compare them with classic metrics. We find that deep features outperform all previous metrics by large margins on our dataset. More surprisingly, this result is not restricted to ImageNet-trained VGG features, but holds across different deep architectures and levels of supervision (supervised, self-supervised, or even unsupervised). Our results suggest that perceptual similarity is an emergent property shared across deep visual representations.
Despite their strong transfer performance, deep convolutional representations surprisingly lack a basic low-level property -- shift-invariance, as small input shifts or translations can cause drastic changes in the output. Commonly used downsampling methods, such as max-pooling, strided-convolution, and average-pooling, ignore the sampling theorem. The well-known signal processing fix is anti-aliasing by low-pass filtering before downsampling. However, simply inserting this module into deep networks degrades performance; as a result, it is seldomly used today. We show that when integrated correctly, it is compatible with existing architectural components, such as max-pooling and strided-convolution. We observe increased accuracy in ImageNet classification, across several commonly-used architectures, such as ResNet, DenseNet, and MobileNet, indicating effective regularization. Furthermore, we observe better generalization, in terms of stability and robustness to input corruptions. Our results demonstrate that this classical signal processing technique has been undeservingly overlooked in modern deep networks.
These slides discuss some milestone results in image classification using Deep Convolutional neural network and talks about our results on Obscenity detection in images by using Deep Convolutional neural network and transfer learning on ImageNet models.
This document discusses deep learning techniques for person re-identification. It begins with an overview of supervised and unsupervised person re-identification. It then discusses the challenges of annotation cost and data size for re-ID. Next, it covers active learning approaches for person re-ID using human-in-the-loop feedback to incrementally train models. Finally, it discusses relationships between person re-ID and attribute learning, person detection, and multi-target multi-camera tracking.
Face Detection System on Ada boost Algorithm Using Haar ClassifiersIJMER
This paper presents a hardware architecture for real-time face detection using AdaBoost algorithm and Haar features. The architecture generates integral images and classifies sub-windows using optimized parallel processing. It was designed with Verilog HDL and implemented on an FPGA. The performance was measured and showed a 35x increase in speed over software implementation on a general processor. Key aspects of the architecture include optimized generation of integral images, parallel classification of multiple Haar classifiers, and scalability to configurable devices.
[CVPR2020] Simple but effective image enhancement techniquesJaeJun Yoo
The document discusses several image enhancement techniques:
1. WCT2, which uses wavelet transforms for photorealistic style transfer, achieving faster and lighter models than previous techniques.
2. CutBlur, a new data augmentation method that improves performance on super-resolution and other low-level vision tasks by adding blur and cutting patches from images.
3. SimUSR, a simple but strong baseline for unsupervised super-resolution that achieves state-of-the-art results using only a single low-resolution image during training.
Color based image processing , tracking and automation using matlabKamal Pradhan
Image processing is a form of signal processing in which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame. The output of image processing may be either an image or, a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it. This project aims at processing the real time images captured by a Webcam for motion detection and Color Recognition and system automation using MATLAB programming.
In color based image processing we work with colors instead of object. Color provides powerful information for object recognition. A simple and effective recognition scheme is to represent and match images on the basis of color histograms.
Tracking refers to detection of the path of the color once the color based processing is done the color becomes the object to be tracked this can be very helpful in security purposes.
Automation refers to an automated system is any system that does not require human intervention. In this project I’ve automated the mouse that work with our gesture and do the desired tasks.
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) show promise for enhancing computer vision in low visibility conditions. GANs can learn to translate images from low visibility domains like hazy or low-light conditions to clear images without paired training data. Recent work has incorporated hyperspectral guidance to improve image-to-image translation for tasks like dehazing. A domain-aware model was proposed to address the distributional discrepancy between RGB and hyperspectral images. Additionally, optimizing the spectral profile in translation helps mitigate spectral aberrations in results. These techniques push the limits of machine learning for analyzing visual data in challenging conditions with applications like autonomous vehicles and medical imaging.
IRJET- Concepts, Methods and Applications of Neural Style Transfer: A Rev...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research article that reviews concepts, methods, and applications of neural style transfer. It begins by defining neural style transfer as a technique that allows copying the style of one image and applying it to the content of another image. It then reviews relevant literature on neural style transfer and identifies gaps. Applications discussed include artistic image generation, data augmentation, and potentially machine creativity. The document outlines an implementation of neural style transfer using deep convolutional networks and analyzes results. It concludes that neural style transfer can provide insights into human visual perception and has promising applications.
Review : Structure Boundary Preserving Segmentation for Medical Image with Am...Dongmin Choi
Paper title : Structure Boundary Preserving Segmentation for Medical Image with Ambiguous Boundary (CVPR2020)
Paper link : https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_CVPR_2020/papers/Lee_Structure_Boundary_Preserving_Segmentation_for_Medical_Image_With_Ambiguous_Boundary_CVPR_2020_paper.pdf
In recent time, the Steganography technique is broadly used for the secret data communication. It’s an art of hiding the secret data in another objects like videos, images, videos, graphics and documents to gain the stego or steganographic object so which it’s not affected by the insertion. In this paper, we are introducing a new methodology in which security of stego-image increase by embedding even and odd part secret image into R, G, B plane of cover image using LSB and ISB technique. As we can see from the results session the value of PSNR , NCC are getting increase while the value of MSE is getting decrease.
IRJET- Transformation of Realistic Images and Videos into Cartoon Images and ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) called Cartoon GAN to transform real-world images and videos into cartoon images and videos. The researchers trained Cartoon GAN on 3000 real-world images to learn how to generate cartoon images by using content and adversarial loss functions. They were able to successfully convert both individual images and video clips into cartoon/animated versions. For video, they used the OpenCV library to divide videos into frames, pass each frame through the trained Cartoon GAN model, and then recombine the cartoonized frames into an output cartoon video. The researchers concluded that Cartoon GAN is an effective method for automatically transforming real media into cartoons and aims to improve the quality and resolution
Image Maximization Using Multi Spectral Image Fusion Techniquedbpublications
This paper reports a detailed study of a set of image fusion algorithms for its implementation. The paper explains the theory and implementation of the effective image fusion algorithm and the experimental results. Based on the research and development of some image quality metrics, the fusion algorithm is evaluated. The report is an image fusion algorithm that evaluates and implements image quality metrics that are used to evaluate the implementation. In this study, two different image fusion techniques have been applied to hyperspectral and low spatial resolution satellite images with high spatial and low spectral resolution images to obtain a fusion graph with increased spatial resolution Like, while keeping spectral information as much as possible. These techniques are raw component analysis
(PCA) and wavelet transform (WT) image fusion MATLAB is used to build the GUto
apply and render the results of image fusion algorithms. The subjective (visual) and objective evaluation of the fusion image has been carried out to assess the success of the method. The objective evaluation methods include correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), relative global dimension synthesis error (ERGAS) The results show that the PCA method performs better on the top of the spectral information, and is less successful in increasing the spatial resolution. The WT is performed after the IHS transformation to improve the spatial resolution and is performed with respect to the preservation of the spectral information after the PCA and WT methods.
This project aims to present a new method for recognizing pedestrians in image datasets. The method combines two state-of-the-art object recognition techniques: the cortex model and bag of words with spatial pyramid. The cortex model imitates the hierarchical structure of the primate visual cortex. This project improves the cortex model by training on both positive and negative examples. It also uses the outputs of the first cortex model layer instead of SIFT features. The results show this new method performs better than the cortex model alone for pedestrian recognition.
This document provides an introduction to computer vision. It summarizes the state of the field, including popular challenges like PASCAL VOC and SRVC. It describes commonly used algorithms like SIFT for feature extraction and bag-of-words models. It also discusses machine learning methods applied to computer vision like support vector machines, randomized forests, boosting, and Viola-Jones face detection. Examples of results from applying these techniques to object classification problems are also provided.
Road signs detection using voila jone's algorithm with the help of opencvMohdSalim34
This document provides an introduction and overview of a project to develop an automatic road sign detection system using the Viola-Jones object detection framework. It discusses the motivation for the project to address safety concerns from drivers missing road signs. The document outlines the contributions of the project, which are to train a classifier using OpenCV to detect German road signs in images by implementing the Viola-Jones algorithm. It also provides details on the Viola-Jones algorithm, which combines Haar features, integral images, AdaBoost testing, and cascading classifiers to rapidly detect objects in real-time.
Leveraging Deep Learning Representation for search-based Image Annotationmahyamk
The document presents a method for leveraging deep learning representations for search-based image annotation. The proposed method uses convolutional neural network (CNN) features extracted from pre-trained models to represent images. These features are then used for tag assignment through a nearest neighbor search. The method is evaluated on several datasets and achieves better performance than previous approaches, demonstrating the advantage of using rich CNN representations for image annotation. Experimental results show improved precision, recall, and F1 scores over existing methods.
Strategy for Foreground Movement Identification Adaptive to Background Variat...IJECEIAES
Video processing has gained a lot of significance because of its applications in various areas of research. This includes monitoring movements in public places for surveillance. Video sequences from various standard datasets such as I2R, CAVIAR and UCSD are often referred for video processing applications and research. Identification of actors as well as the movements in video sequences should be accomplished with the static and dynamic background. The significance of research in video processing lies in identifying the foreground movement of actors and objects in video sequences. Foreground identification can be done with a static or dynamic background. This type of identification becomes complex while detecting the movements in video sequences with a dynamic background. For identification of foreground movement in video sequences with dynamic background, two algorithms are proposed in this article. The algorithms are termed as Frame Difference between Neighboring Frames using Hue, Saturation and Value (FDNF-HSV) and Frame Difference between Neighboring Frames using Greyscale (FDNF-G). With regard to F-measure, recall and precision, the proposed algorithms are evaluated with state-of-art techniques. Results of evaluation show that, the proposed algorithms have shown enhanced performance.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
http://www.embedded-vision.com/platinum-members/embedded-vision-alliance/embedded-vision-training/videos/pages/may-2015-embedded-vision-summit-baidu
For more information about embedded vision, please visit:
http://www.embedded-vision.com
Dr. Ren Wu, former distinguished scientist at Baidu's Institute of Deep Learning (IDL), presents the keynote talk, "Enabling Ubiquitous Visual Intelligence Through Deep Learning," at the May 2015 Embedded Vision Summit.
Deep learning techniques have been making headlines lately in computer vision research. Using techniques inspired by the human brain, deep learning employs massive replication of simple algorithms which learn to distinguish objects through training on vast numbers of examples. Neural networks trained in this way are gaining the ability to recognize objects as accurately as humans.
Some experts believe that deep learning will transform the field of vision, enabling the widespread deployment of visual intelligence in many types of systems and applications. But there are many practical problems to be solved before this goal can be reached. For example, how can we create the massive sets of real-world images required to train neural networks? And given their massive computational requirements, how can we deploy neural networks into applications like mobile and wearable devices with tight cost and power consumption constraints?
In this talk, Ren shares an insider’s perspective on these and other critical questions related to the practical use of neural networks for vision, based on the pioneering work being conducted by his former team at Baidu.
Note 1: Regarding the ImageNet results included in this presentation, the organizers of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) have said: “Because of the violation of the regulations of the test server, these results may not be directly comparable to results obtained and reported by other teams.” (http://www.image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/announcement-June-2-2015)
Note 2: The presenter, Ren Wu, has told the Embedded Vision Alliance that “There was some ambiguity with the rules. According to the ‘official’ interpretation of the rules, there should be no more than 52 submissions within a half year. For us, we achieved the reported results after 200 tests total within a half year. We believe there is no way to obtain any measurable gains, nor did we try to obtain any gains, from an 'extra' hundred tests as our networks have billions of parameters and are trained by tens of billions of training samples.”
Using Crowdsourced Images to Create Image Recognition Models with Analytics Z...Maurice Nsabimana
Volunteers around the world increasingly act as human sensors to collect millions of data points. A team from the World Bank trained deep learning models, using Apache Spark and BigDL, to confirm that photos gathered through a crowdsourced data collection pilot matched the goods for which observations were submitted.
In this talk, Maurice Nsabimana, a statistician at the World Bank, and Jiao Wang, a software engineer on the Big Data Technology team at Intel, demonstrate a collaborative project to design and train large-scale deep learning models using crowdsourced images from around the world. BigDL is a distributed deep learning library designed from the ground up to run natively on Apache Spark. It enables data engineers and scientists to write deep learning applications in Scala or Python as standard Spark programs-without having to explicitly manage distributed computations. Attendees of this session will learn how to get started with BigDL, which runs in any Apache Spark environment, whether on-premise or in the Cloud.
Seminar presentation about :
Automatic Image Annotation structure: shallow and deep,
cons and pros of different features and classification methods in AIA and
useful information about databases,toolboxes, authors
STEP is a new framework for video action detection that uses progressive learning with spatial refinement and temporal extension. It aims to effectively model temporal information while efficiently detecting actions using a small number of proposals. The approach starts with initial proposals and refines their spatial boundaries and temporally extends the tubelets in progressive steps. Experiments on UCF101-24 and AVA datasets show it achieves state-of-the-art performance using only 11 proposals, demonstrating its efficiency. Ablation studies validate the importance of temporal modeling and adaptive temporal extension.
Modeling perceptual similarity and shift invariance in deep networksNAVER Engineering
Abstract: While it is nearly effortless for humans to quickly assess the perceptual similarity between two images, the underlying processes are thought to be quite complex. Despite this, the most widely used perceptual metrics today, such as PSNR and SSIM, are simple, shallow functions, and fail to account for many nuances of human perception. Recently, the deep learning community has found that features of the VGG network trained on ImageNet classification have been remarkably useful as a training loss for image synthesis. But how perceptual are these so-called "perceptual losses"? What elements are critical for their success? To answer these questions, we introduce a new dataset of human perceptual similarity judgments. We systematically evaluate deep features across different architectures and tasks and compare them with classic metrics. We find that deep features outperform all previous metrics by large margins on our dataset. More surprisingly, this result is not restricted to ImageNet-trained VGG features, but holds across different deep architectures and levels of supervision (supervised, self-supervised, or even unsupervised). Our results suggest that perceptual similarity is an emergent property shared across deep visual representations.
Despite their strong transfer performance, deep convolutional representations surprisingly lack a basic low-level property -- shift-invariance, as small input shifts or translations can cause drastic changes in the output. Commonly used downsampling methods, such as max-pooling, strided-convolution, and average-pooling, ignore the sampling theorem. The well-known signal processing fix is anti-aliasing by low-pass filtering before downsampling. However, simply inserting this module into deep networks degrades performance; as a result, it is seldomly used today. We show that when integrated correctly, it is compatible with existing architectural components, such as max-pooling and strided-convolution. We observe increased accuracy in ImageNet classification, across several commonly-used architectures, such as ResNet, DenseNet, and MobileNet, indicating effective regularization. Furthermore, we observe better generalization, in terms of stability and robustness to input corruptions. Our results demonstrate that this classical signal processing technique has been undeservingly overlooked in modern deep networks.
These slides discuss some milestone results in image classification using Deep Convolutional neural network and talks about our results on Obscenity detection in images by using Deep Convolutional neural network and transfer learning on ImageNet models.
This document discusses deep learning techniques for person re-identification. It begins with an overview of supervised and unsupervised person re-identification. It then discusses the challenges of annotation cost and data size for re-ID. Next, it covers active learning approaches for person re-ID using human-in-the-loop feedback to incrementally train models. Finally, it discusses relationships between person re-ID and attribute learning, person detection, and multi-target multi-camera tracking.
Face Detection System on Ada boost Algorithm Using Haar ClassifiersIJMER
This paper presents a hardware architecture for real-time face detection using AdaBoost algorithm and Haar features. The architecture generates integral images and classifies sub-windows using optimized parallel processing. It was designed with Verilog HDL and implemented on an FPGA. The performance was measured and showed a 35x increase in speed over software implementation on a general processor. Key aspects of the architecture include optimized generation of integral images, parallel classification of multiple Haar classifiers, and scalability to configurable devices.
[CVPR2020] Simple but effective image enhancement techniquesJaeJun Yoo
The document discusses several image enhancement techniques:
1. WCT2, which uses wavelet transforms for photorealistic style transfer, achieving faster and lighter models than previous techniques.
2. CutBlur, a new data augmentation method that improves performance on super-resolution and other low-level vision tasks by adding blur and cutting patches from images.
3. SimUSR, a simple but strong baseline for unsupervised super-resolution that achieves state-of-the-art results using only a single low-resolution image during training.
Color based image processing , tracking and automation using matlabKamal Pradhan
Image processing is a form of signal processing in which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame. The output of image processing may be either an image or, a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it. This project aims at processing the real time images captured by a Webcam for motion detection and Color Recognition and system automation using MATLAB programming.
In color based image processing we work with colors instead of object. Color provides powerful information for object recognition. A simple and effective recognition scheme is to represent and match images on the basis of color histograms.
Tracking refers to detection of the path of the color once the color based processing is done the color becomes the object to be tracked this can be very helpful in security purposes.
Automation refers to an automated system is any system that does not require human intervention. In this project I’ve automated the mouse that work with our gesture and do the desired tasks.
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) show promise for enhancing computer vision in low visibility conditions. GANs can learn to translate images from low visibility domains like hazy or low-light conditions to clear images without paired training data. Recent work has incorporated hyperspectral guidance to improve image-to-image translation for tasks like dehazing. A domain-aware model was proposed to address the distributional discrepancy between RGB and hyperspectral images. Additionally, optimizing the spectral profile in translation helps mitigate spectral aberrations in results. These techniques push the limits of machine learning for analyzing visual data in challenging conditions with applications like autonomous vehicles and medical imaging.
IRJET- Concepts, Methods and Applications of Neural Style Transfer: A Rev...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research article that reviews concepts, methods, and applications of neural style transfer. It begins by defining neural style transfer as a technique that allows copying the style of one image and applying it to the content of another image. It then reviews relevant literature on neural style transfer and identifies gaps. Applications discussed include artistic image generation, data augmentation, and potentially machine creativity. The document outlines an implementation of neural style transfer using deep convolutional networks and analyzes results. It concludes that neural style transfer can provide insights into human visual perception and has promising applications.
Review : Structure Boundary Preserving Segmentation for Medical Image with Am...Dongmin Choi
Paper title : Structure Boundary Preserving Segmentation for Medical Image with Ambiguous Boundary (CVPR2020)
Paper link : https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_CVPR_2020/papers/Lee_Structure_Boundary_Preserving_Segmentation_for_Medical_Image_With_Ambiguous_Boundary_CVPR_2020_paper.pdf
In recent time, the Steganography technique is broadly used for the secret data communication. It’s an art of hiding the secret data in another objects like videos, images, videos, graphics and documents to gain the stego or steganographic object so which it’s not affected by the insertion. In this paper, we are introducing a new methodology in which security of stego-image increase by embedding even and odd part secret image into R, G, B plane of cover image using LSB and ISB technique. As we can see from the results session the value of PSNR , NCC are getting increase while the value of MSE is getting decrease.
IRJET- Transformation of Realistic Images and Videos into Cartoon Images and ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) called Cartoon GAN to transform real-world images and videos into cartoon images and videos. The researchers trained Cartoon GAN on 3000 real-world images to learn how to generate cartoon images by using content and adversarial loss functions. They were able to successfully convert both individual images and video clips into cartoon/animated versions. For video, they used the OpenCV library to divide videos into frames, pass each frame through the trained Cartoon GAN model, and then recombine the cartoonized frames into an output cartoon video. The researchers concluded that Cartoon GAN is an effective method for automatically transforming real media into cartoons and aims to improve the quality and resolution
Image Maximization Using Multi Spectral Image Fusion Techniquedbpublications
This paper reports a detailed study of a set of image fusion algorithms for its implementation. The paper explains the theory and implementation of the effective image fusion algorithm and the experimental results. Based on the research and development of some image quality metrics, the fusion algorithm is evaluated. The report is an image fusion algorithm that evaluates and implements image quality metrics that are used to evaluate the implementation. In this study, two different image fusion techniques have been applied to hyperspectral and low spatial resolution satellite images with high spatial and low spectral resolution images to obtain a fusion graph with increased spatial resolution Like, while keeping spectral information as much as possible. These techniques are raw component analysis
(PCA) and wavelet transform (WT) image fusion MATLAB is used to build the GUto
apply and render the results of image fusion algorithms. The subjective (visual) and objective evaluation of the fusion image has been carried out to assess the success of the method. The objective evaluation methods include correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), relative global dimension synthesis error (ERGAS) The results show that the PCA method performs better on the top of the spectral information, and is less successful in increasing the spatial resolution. The WT is performed after the IHS transformation to improve the spatial resolution and is performed with respect to the preservation of the spectral information after the PCA and WT methods.
This project aims to present a new method for recognizing pedestrians in image datasets. The method combines two state-of-the-art object recognition techniques: the cortex model and bag of words with spatial pyramid. The cortex model imitates the hierarchical structure of the primate visual cortex. This project improves the cortex model by training on both positive and negative examples. It also uses the outputs of the first cortex model layer instead of SIFT features. The results show this new method performs better than the cortex model alone for pedestrian recognition.
This document provides an introduction to computer vision. It summarizes the state of the field, including popular challenges like PASCAL VOC and SRVC. It describes commonly used algorithms like SIFT for feature extraction and bag-of-words models. It also discusses machine learning methods applied to computer vision like support vector machines, randomized forests, boosting, and Viola-Jones face detection. Examples of results from applying these techniques to object classification problems are also provided.
Road signs detection using voila jone's algorithm with the help of opencvMohdSalim34
This document provides an introduction and overview of a project to develop an automatic road sign detection system using the Viola-Jones object detection framework. It discusses the motivation for the project to address safety concerns from drivers missing road signs. The document outlines the contributions of the project, which are to train a classifier using OpenCV to detect German road signs in images by implementing the Viola-Jones algorithm. It also provides details on the Viola-Jones algorithm, which combines Haar features, integral images, AdaBoost testing, and cascading classifiers to rapidly detect objects in real-time.
Leveraging Deep Learning Representation for search-based Image Annotationmahyamk
The document presents a method for leveraging deep learning representations for search-based image annotation. The proposed method uses convolutional neural network (CNN) features extracted from pre-trained models to represent images. These features are then used for tag assignment through a nearest neighbor search. The method is evaluated on several datasets and achieves better performance than previous approaches, demonstrating the advantage of using rich CNN representations for image annotation. Experimental results show improved precision, recall, and F1 scores over existing methods.
Strategy for Foreground Movement Identification Adaptive to Background Variat...IJECEIAES
Video processing has gained a lot of significance because of its applications in various areas of research. This includes monitoring movements in public places for surveillance. Video sequences from various standard datasets such as I2R, CAVIAR and UCSD are often referred for video processing applications and research. Identification of actors as well as the movements in video sequences should be accomplished with the static and dynamic background. The significance of research in video processing lies in identifying the foreground movement of actors and objects in video sequences. Foreground identification can be done with a static or dynamic background. This type of identification becomes complex while detecting the movements in video sequences with a dynamic background. For identification of foreground movement in video sequences with dynamic background, two algorithms are proposed in this article. The algorithms are termed as Frame Difference between Neighboring Frames using Hue, Saturation and Value (FDNF-HSV) and Frame Difference between Neighboring Frames using Greyscale (FDNF-G). With regard to F-measure, recall and precision, the proposed algorithms are evaluated with state-of-art techniques. Results of evaluation show that, the proposed algorithms have shown enhanced performance.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
http://www.embedded-vision.com/platinum-members/embedded-vision-alliance/embedded-vision-training/videos/pages/may-2015-embedded-vision-summit-baidu
For more information about embedded vision, please visit:
http://www.embedded-vision.com
Dr. Ren Wu, former distinguished scientist at Baidu's Institute of Deep Learning (IDL), presents the keynote talk, "Enabling Ubiquitous Visual Intelligence Through Deep Learning," at the May 2015 Embedded Vision Summit.
Deep learning techniques have been making headlines lately in computer vision research. Using techniques inspired by the human brain, deep learning employs massive replication of simple algorithms which learn to distinguish objects through training on vast numbers of examples. Neural networks trained in this way are gaining the ability to recognize objects as accurately as humans.
Some experts believe that deep learning will transform the field of vision, enabling the widespread deployment of visual intelligence in many types of systems and applications. But there are many practical problems to be solved before this goal can be reached. For example, how can we create the massive sets of real-world images required to train neural networks? And given their massive computational requirements, how can we deploy neural networks into applications like mobile and wearable devices with tight cost and power consumption constraints?
In this talk, Ren shares an insider’s perspective on these and other critical questions related to the practical use of neural networks for vision, based on the pioneering work being conducted by his former team at Baidu.
Note 1: Regarding the ImageNet results included in this presentation, the organizers of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) have said: “Because of the violation of the regulations of the test server, these results may not be directly comparable to results obtained and reported by other teams.” (http://www.image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/announcement-June-2-2015)
Note 2: The presenter, Ren Wu, has told the Embedded Vision Alliance that “There was some ambiguity with the rules. According to the ‘official’ interpretation of the rules, there should be no more than 52 submissions within a half year. For us, we achieved the reported results after 200 tests total within a half year. We believe there is no way to obtain any measurable gains, nor did we try to obtain any gains, from an 'extra' hundred tests as our networks have billions of parameters and are trained by tens of billions of training samples.”
Using Crowdsourced Images to Create Image Recognition Models with Analytics Z...Maurice Nsabimana
Volunteers around the world increasingly act as human sensors to collect millions of data points. A team from the World Bank trained deep learning models, using Apache Spark and BigDL, to confirm that photos gathered through a crowdsourced data collection pilot matched the goods for which observations were submitted.
In this talk, Maurice Nsabimana, a statistician at the World Bank, and Jiao Wang, a software engineer on the Big Data Technology team at Intel, demonstrate a collaborative project to design and train large-scale deep learning models using crowdsourced images from around the world. BigDL is a distributed deep learning library designed from the ground up to run natively on Apache Spark. It enables data engineers and scientists to write deep learning applications in Scala or Python as standard Spark programs-without having to explicitly manage distributed computations. Attendees of this session will learn how to get started with BigDL, which runs in any Apache Spark environment, whether on-premise or in the Cloud.
This project contains an application to empower Industry 4.0 in Pakistan through Computer Vision techniques and approaches, a smart environment is to be created using different techniques shown in slides. Do get in touch for more details.
How to use transfer learning to bootstrap image classification and question a...Wee Hyong Tok
1. The presentation discusses how to use transfer learning to bootstrap image classification and question answering tasks. Transfer learning allows leveraging knowledge from existing models trained on large datasets and applying it to new tasks with less data.
2. For image classification, the presentation recommends using features from pretrained convolutional neural networks on ImageNet as general purpose image features. Fine-tuning the top layers of these networks on smaller datasets can achieve good accuracy.
3. For natural language processing tasks, transfer learning techniques like using pretrained word embeddings, language models like ULMFiT and ELMo, and models trained on question answering datasets can help bootstrap tasks with less text data.
This document provides an overview of deep generative models for images. It discusses generative adversarial networks (GANs) which define generative modeling as an adversarial game between a generator and discriminator. Conditional GANs can generate images from text or translate between image domains. Variational autoencoders (VAEs) learn latent representations of the data. Fully convolutional models use transposed convolutions in the decoder. CycleGAN can perform unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle consistency losses. Overall, generative models aim to understand data distributions in order to generate new, realistic samples.
HDF-EOS has been used extensively in the development of geospatial data web services and earth science data distribution systems in the CSISS center. Several popular open-source web application servers, e.g. Tomcat, are based on Java technology. Therefore, a suite of Java interfaces to call the HDF-EOS C library have been developed to facilitate the programming. JNI (Java Native Interface) is used to bridge the C library and the Java hierarchical wrap-up. In terms of implementation, all HDF-EOS 2.12 interfaces have been built for Java programming and these for HDF5-EOS are in the stage of development.
Next, objects, e.g. grid, field, band, are developed hierarchically based on these Java interfaces. Many conversion considerations to accommodate the different data types between C and Java are similar to those experienced for HDF Java product.
This document discusses various computer vision topics including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), popular CNN architectures, data augmentation, transfer learning, object detection, neural style transfer, generative adversarial networks (GANs), and variational autoencoders (VAEs). It provides overviews and explanations of each topic with examples. The goals are to introduce new concepts, discuss practical use cases, develop and improve intuitions, and provide tips for working on projects and participating in the community.
The document discusses efficient image processing techniques for Android, focusing on the RenderScript framework. It provides an overview of RenderScript, how to write kernels in C, and how to call them from Java. Examples are given for common image processing tasks like grayscale conversion, bloom effects, and local adjustments. Caching strategies and handling low-memory devices are also covered to ensure performance across all hardware.
Transfer learning enables you to use pretrained deep neural networks trained on various large datasets (ImageNet, CIFAR, WikiQA, SQUAD, and more) and adapt them for various deep learning tasks (e.g., image classification, question answering, and more).
Wee Hyong Tok and Danielle Dean share the basics of transfer learning and demonstrate how to use the technique to bootstrap the building of custom image classifiers and custom question-answering (QA) models. You’ll learn how to use the pretrained CNNs available in various model libraries to custom build a convolution neural network for your use case. In addition, you’ll discover how to use transfer learning for question-answering tasks, with models trained on large QA datasets (WikiQA, SQUAD, and more), and adapt them for new question-answering tasks.
Topics include:
An introduction to convolution neural networks and question-answering problems
Using pretrained CNNs and the last fully connected layer as a featurizer (Once the features are extracted, any existing classifier can be used for image classification, using the extracted features as inputs.)
Fine-tuning the pretrained models and adapting them for the new images
Using pretrained QA models trained on large QA datasets (WikiQA, SQUAD) and applying transfer learning for QA tasks
Deep learning techniques can be used to learn features from data rather than relying on hand-crafted features. This allows neural networks to be applied to problems in computer vision, natural language processing, and other domains. Transfer learning techniques take advantage of features learned from one task and apply them to another related task, even when limited data is available for the second task. Deploying machine learning models in production requires techniques for serving predictions through scalable APIs and caching layers to meet performance requirements.
Learn to Build an App to Find Similar Images using Deep Learning- Piotr TeterwakPyData
This document discusses using deep learning and deep features to build an app that finds similar images. It begins with an overview of deep learning and how neural networks can learn complex patterns in data. The document then discusses how pre-trained neural networks can be used as feature extractors for other domains through transfer learning. This reduces data and tuning requirements compared to training new deep learning models. The rest of the document focuses on building an image similarity service using these techniques, including training a model with GraphLab Create and deploying it as a web service with Dato Predictive Services.
Let's paint a Picasso - A Look at Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and i...Catalina Arango
This document provides an overview of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and their applications. It explains the basic concepts of GANs including how they use generative and discriminative neural networks in an adversarial game-theory framework to generate new realistic data. Several types and applications of GANs are described, such as using GANs to generate images conditioned on text, edit images while preserving realism, and generate images of human poses. Challenges with GANs and potential future applications are also discussed.
The document discusses the benefits of regular exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that exercise can help reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. Regular exercise of 150 minutes per week is recommended for substantial health benefits.
MongoDB is a document-oriented, high performance, highly available, and horizontally scalable operational database. It addresses challenges with traditional RDBMS like handling high volumes of data, semi-structured and unstructured data types, and the need for agile development. MongoDB can be used for financial services use cases like high volume data feeds, risk analytics, product catalogs, trade capture, reporting, reference data management, portfolio management, quantitative analysis, and automated trading. It provides features like flexible schemas, indexing, aggregation, scaling out through sharding, and integration with Hadoop.
This document discusses techniques for fine-tuning large pre-trained language models without access to a supercomputer. It describes the history of transformer models and how transfer learning works. It then outlines several techniques for reducing memory usage during fine-tuning, including reducing batch size, gradient accumulation, gradient checkpointing, mixed precision training, and distributed data parallelism approaches like ZeRO and pipelined parallelism. Resources for implementing these techniques are also provided.
This document summarizes the DiscoGAN model, which uses generative adversarial networks to discover relations between image domains without paired training examples. It introduces GANs and the DiscoGAN model, which uses two generators and discriminators with reconstruction and adversarial losses to learn bijective mappings between domains. Experiments show DiscoGAN can discover relations like azimuth angle between car images and translate attributes like gender between faces while maintaining other features. Code links for TensorFlow and PyTorch implementations are also provided.
Similar to Unsupervised image to-image translation via pre-trained style gan2 network (20)
Open Source Contributions to Postgres: The Basics POSETTE 2024ElizabethGarrettChri
Postgres is the most advanced open-source database in the world and it's supported by a community, not a single company. So how does this work? How does code actually get into Postgres? I recently had a patch submitted and committed and I want to share what I learned in that process. I’ll give you an overview of Postgres versions and how the underlying project codebase functions. I’ll also show you the process for submitting a patch and getting that tested and committed.
Generative Classifiers: Classifying with Bayesian decision theory, Bayes’ rule, Naïve Bayes classifier.
Discriminative Classifiers: Logistic Regression, Decision Trees: Training and Visualizing a Decision Tree, Making Predictions, Estimating Class Probabilities, The CART Training Algorithm, Attribute selection measures- Gini impurity; Entropy, Regularization Hyperparameters, Regression Trees, Linear Support vector machines.
We are pleased to share with you the latest VCOSA statistical report on the cotton and yarn industry for the month of March 2024.
Starting from January 2024, the full weekly and monthly reports will only be available for free to VCOSA members. To access the complete weekly report with figures, charts, and detailed analysis of the cotton fiber market in the past week, interested parties are kindly requested to contact VCOSA to subscribe to the newsletter.
Did you know that drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death among young children? According to recent data, children aged 1-4 years are at the highest risk. Let's raise awareness and take steps to prevent these tragic incidents. Supervision, barriers around pools, and learning CPR can make a difference. Stay safe this summer!
2. Abstract
• Traditional I2I translation
✓ Train data in two or more domains together
✓ Require lots of computation resources
✓ Lower quality and many artifacts
✓ Training process could be unstable when the data in different domains are not balanced
✓ Modal collapse is more likely to happen
• Proposed a new I2I translation method
✓ Generates a new model in the target domain
✓ via a series of model transformations
✓ on a pretrained StyleGAN2 model in the source domain
✓ Proposed an inversion method
3. Related Works
Image Translation
Paired Unpaired
Unimodal Multi-modal Unimodal Multi-modal Multi-domain Multi-mapping
Pix2Pix
Pix2PixHD
BicycleGAN CycleGAN
DiscoGAN
UNIT
MUNIT
DRIT
StarGAN DRIT++
DMIT
SDIT
StarGAN
v2
6. Related Works-Multi-modal Translation
MUNIT (ECCV2018)
DRIT (ECCV2018)
Lee, Hsin-Ying, et al. "Diverse image-to-image translation via disentangled representations." Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV). 2018.
7. Related Works-Multi-mapping Translation
Lee, Hsin-Ying, et al. "DRIT++: Diverse Image-to-Image Translation via Disentangled Representations." arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.01270 (2019).
DRIT++(arXiv2019)
8. Related Works-Examplar Guided I2I
Wang, Miao, et al. "Example-guided style-consistent image synthesis from semantic
labeling." Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2019.
Zhu, Zhen, et al. "Progressive pose attention transfer for person image
generation." Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and
Pattern Recognition. 2019.
9. Related Works-Current I2I
• Require online training on at least two domains
• Domain-distinguished generators and discriminators
• High demand on training resources in terms of both time and memory
• Modal collapse when training data are not balanced in any domains
11. Related Works-GAN Inversion Mapping
Zhu, Jiapeng, et al. "In-domain gan inversion for real image editing." European
conference on computer vision. Springer, Cham, 2020.
Goal:
Image Editing
Image2Image Translation
12. Major Contributions
• Define the distance between two models to measure the semantic similarity between
two images generated by two models, based on the same input latent vector
• Propose an unsupervised I2I translation method via a pre-trained StyleGAN2 model
• Support multi-modal and multi-domain I2I translation
• Drastically improved the results and requires much less training resource
• Proposed an inversion method is based on an embedded GAN space providing a
boundary constraint for searching the latent code of the input image
13. Method
• 가정: source domain 과 target domain의 모델간 semantic similarity가 작을 경우에 좋은
결과를 얻을 수 있음.
• Worlflow
• Pretrained StyleGAN2 model on source domain dataset Ds
• Fine-tuning target domain model Gt using source domain model Gs and target dataset Dt
• Source domain의 image가 주어지면, source domain model로 부터 latent code를 찾음.
• 찾아진 latent code를 fine tuning된 target domain model에 넣어서 image를 생성함.
14. Method
• Fine-tuning with data in target domain Dt
• Freeze the FC layers in fine-tuning process
• To have the same embedded space as the base model
Fine tuning process
Fine-tuned model
15. Method
• During fine-tuning, the semantic similarity decreases due to domain difference.
• Layer-swapping: source domain 의 더 많은 feature 들을 유지시키기 위해서
• Source domain model과 target domain model 사이의 model distance를 줄여주는 역할
21. Method
• Multi-modal and Multi-domain I2I translation
• Style code injected at the higher layers(8x8, 16x16,…) can change a major structure of the
output (identity, hair style, face shape)
• Style code applied at lower layers can modify only minor features(color, light conditions and
other micro-structures)
• Multi-modal (다양한 스타일 생성)
• Multi-domain (다양한 도메인 생성)
를 통해서 을 얻을 수 있음.
22. Experiment
• Baseline models
• CycleGAN
• MUNIT
• DRIT++
• Different scenarios
• Face2portrait
• Face2cartoon
• Face2anime
• Cat2dog
• Cat2wild
• FFHQ for face cases, AFHQ for cats, dogs and wild animals
• Portrait (wikiart), anime(Danbooru2018) and cartoon(Toonify)
23. Expriment
• Implementation Details
• A2B
• Freeze FC part of the A model
• Fine-tuning: 12000(low resolution cases), 20000(high resolution cases) iterations
• 1024 x 1024 (face2portrait, face2cartoon), 256 x 256 (face2anime)
• 2080Ti GPU(11G), fine-tuning 2 days
• Kept the training strategy and loss functions the same as those in the original StyleGAN2
• Layer-swap: 0.3ms, 8x8, 16x16, 32x32 ,
• Inversion process: 1000 iterations, 0.8s~1s
30. Experiment-Model Distance
[55] Richard Zhang, Phillip Isola, Alexei A Efros, Eli Shechtman, and Oliver Wang. The unreasonable effectiveness of
deep features as a perceptual metric. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition, pages 586–595, 2018.
32. Experiment
• 2000 test images chosen randomly
• LPIPSd (Diversity): LPIPS between two randomly selected images in the generated results
• LPIPSs (Semantic Similarity): LPIPS between the generated image and the input