This document is a report submitted by three students - Jayesh Suryawanshi, Omkar Rane, and Chaitanya Deshpande - at MIT Academy of Engineering Alandi, under the guidance of their professor Vinayak Balkrishna Kulkarni. The report discusses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and focuses on the NETRA drone system developed in India. It provides classifications of UAVs based on size and range/endurance. The report also describes the applications of UAVs, characteristics of the NETRA drone such as its dimensions, payload capacity, and performance specifications, and concludes with references.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
MIT Academy of Engineering
Dehu Phata, Alandi (D)
Pune - 412105, Maharashtra (India)
2017-18
Submitted by,
Jayesh Suryawanshi SETB107
Omkar Rane SETB118
Chaitanya Deshpande SETB119
Guided by,
Prof.Vinayak Balkrishna Kulkarni
A Report submitted to MIT Academy of Engineering Alandi submitted
in partial fulfilment of the requirement for Fourth Semester of BACHELOR
OF TECHNOLOGY in Department of Electronics And Telecommunication
Engineering.

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CONTENTS
Content Pg.no.
Abstract
Introduction
4
5
Classification of UAV 6
Application of UAV 7
NETRA drone system 8
Characteristics of NETRA 9
References 12

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List of figures
Figure contents Figure number
Application of UAV 1
UAV-NETRA 2
UAV-NETRA 3
Images obtained from drone 4

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Abstract
The use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in both the public and military
environments is predicted to grow significantly. As the demand for UASs grows, the
availability of more robust and capable vehicles that can perform multiple mission types
will be needed. In the public sector, the demand will grow for UASs to be used for
agriculture, forestry, and search and rescue missions. Militaries continue to demand more
UAS capabilities for diverse operations around the world. Significant research has been
performed and continues to progress in the areas of autonomous UAS control. A majority
of the work focuses on subsets of UAS control: path planning, autonomy, small UAS
controls, and sensors. Minimal work exists on a system-level problem of multiple-scenario
UAS control for integrated systems. It provides a high-level modular system architecture
definition that is modifiable across platform types and mission requirements. A review of
the current research and employment of UAS capabilities is provided to evaluate the state
of the capabilities required to enable the proposed architecture.

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Introduction
Complex UAV systems, due to the high cost and the risks associated with
their development become a prime candidate for the adoption of systems engineering
methodologies. A successful UAV designer needs not only a good understanding of design,
but also systems engineering approach. The design of a UAV begins with the requirements
definition and extends through functional analysis and allocation, design synthesis and
evaluation, and finally validation. An optimized UAV, with a minimum of undesirable side
effects, requires the application of an integrated life-cycle oriented “system” approach.
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an
aircraft without a human pilot. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system
(UAS); which include a UAV, a ground-based controller, and a system of communications
between the two. They originated mostly in military applications, their use is rapidly
expanding to commercial, scientific, recreational, agricultural, and other applications.

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Classification of UAV
UAVs Classification Based Upon size:
There is no one standard when it comes to the classification of UAVs. Defense agencies have their own standard,
and civilians have their ever-evolving loose categories for UAS. People classify them by size, range and
endurance, and use a tier system that is employed by the military. For classification according to size, one can
come up with the following sub-classes:
 Very small UAVs
 Micro or Nano UAVs
 Mini UAVs
 Small UAVs
 Medium UAVs
 Large UAVs
Classification According to Range and Endurance:
1) Very low cost close range UAVs:
This class includes UAVs that have a range of 5 km, endurance time of 20 to 45 minutes, and cost of
about $10,000 (2012 estimate). Examples of UAVs in this class are the Raven and Dragon Eye. UAVs
in this class are very close to model airplanes.
2) Close range UAVs:
This class includes UAVs that have a range of 50 km and endurance time of 1 to 6 hours. They are
usually used for reconnaissance and surveillance tasks.
3) Short range UAVs:
This class includes UAVs that have a range of 150 km or longer and endurance times of 8 to 12 hours.
Like the close-range UAV, they are mainly utilized for reconnaissance and surveillance purposes.
4) Mid-range UAVs:
The mid-range class includes UAVs that have super high speed and a working radius of 650 km. They
are also used for reconnaissance and surveillance purposes in addition to gathering meteorological
data.
5) Endurance UAVs:
The endurance class includes UAVs that have an endurance of 36 hours and a working radius of 300
km. This class of UAVs can operate at altitudes of 30,000 feet. They are also used for reconnaissance
and surveillance purposes.

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Figure 1

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figure 2

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Characteristics of NETRA
The Netra is an Indian, light-weight, autonomous UAV for surveillance and
reconnaissance operations. It has been jointly developed by the Defence Research and
Development Organisation's Research and Development Establishment (R&DE),and IdeaForge,
a Mumbai-based private firm. UAV Netra has operations and operators. Netra has done well in
the Indian market, with several central and state armed police forces procuring it, and more
police units interested in its capability.With the civilian use of UAVs gaining popularity in India,
ideaForge has given about 200 demonstrations to prospective buyers.The drone is designed to be
used in hostage situations, border infiltration monitoring, law enforcement operations, search and
rescue operations, disaster management and aerial photography. It can also be used in naxal-
affected districts, in border locations across India for surveillance, and for anti-terrorist and
counter-insurgency operations in dense forested areas, where it can use its camera payloads to
track human activity.It can also operate in urban quarters, in situations similar to that of the 2008
Mumbai attacks. It was deployed by the local law enforcement during a political rally in
Chandigarh. Gujarat Police purchased two systems at a unit price of 55 lakhs from IdeaForge. In
July 2013 during the 136th Jagannath Rath Yatra, Ahmedabad became the first Indian city to use
UAVs for crowd management. Three Netra UAVs were used in Uttarakhand by the NDRF for
locating people during the 2013 North India floods. It was Netra's first deployment in a disaster
rescue operation. They were used in Badrinath and Kedarnath, where real-time monitoring of
their video feed helped locate hundreds of survivors with precision. The Indo-Tibetan Border
Police also deployed the UAV on 24 June in remote locations like Kedarnath, Bhairav Chatti and
Jungle Chatti to spot survivors.
The general characteristics of UAV Netra are listed here-
General characteristics
a) Crew: none
b) Payload: High resolution CCD camera (Thermal camera)
c) Length: 90 cm (2.95 ft)
d) Rotor diameter: 90 cm (2.95 ft)
e) Empty weight: 1.5 Kg (3.3 lbs)
f) Powerplant: 4 × External swappable Li-Po batteries
Performance
a) Maximum speed: 30 km/hr
b) Range: 2500 m(8200 ft)
c) Service ceiling: 300 m(985 ft)

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figure 3

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Figure 4

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References