The document discusses universal design and accessibility. It defines universal design as designing products and environments to be usable by all people to the greatest extent possible without need for adaptation. The accessibility triangle is introduced, which distinguishes between people with severe disabilities, mobility impairments, and minor disabilities. The summary discusses considerations for planning and design like mobility, vision, hearing, and more. Examples of accessibility in travel, cities, and streetscapes are provided. The use of color, light, tactility, acoustics, and healthy materials are also covered.

1. UNIVERSAL DESIGN : RETHINKING BARRIERS TO QUALITY OF LIFE
TOVE HELEN GRANDE DYB & LAURA VE
BERGEN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
JANUARY 2010

2. INDEX
Accessibility refers to the “ability to access” .....3
WHAT DOES IT MEAN ; “UNIVERSAL DESIGN”? .....4
THE ACCESSIBILITY TRIANGLE .....5
WHAT TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION
WHEN PLANNING AND DESIGNING .....6
ACCESSIBILITY IN TRAVEL .....7
ACCESSIBILITY IN THE CITY AND IN THE STREETSCAPE .....8
USE OF COLORS .....11
USE OF LIGHT .....12
TACTILITY AND TEXTURE- Sensing architecture .....13
ACOUSTICS .....14
USE OF HEALTY MATERIALS .....15
EXAMPLES IN SIGNING AND GUIDELINES .....16
EXAPLES OF SMART ADJUSTMENTS IN DETAILS .....17
UNIVERSAL DESIGN- CHALLENGING OR, A NECESSARY “EVIL”? .....19
referances and sources .....20
by // Tove Helen Grande Dyb & Laura Ve
Bergen School of Architecture January 2010

3. Accessibility refers to the “ability to access”
Impaired and better accessible sorrundings encreases quality
of life for everyone ; the toddler, the old, the tired, the injured,
the confused, the stressed, the unfocused etc.
Good planning and design can help many to a better everyday
life. Beeing dependent on others to manage (seemingly)
simple everyday tasks can be a source to frustration ;
:traveling to work
:entering the trainstation and finding the desired train
:bying a ticet
:getting on the bus
:crossing a street
:finding a shop
:finding information on the internet
:walking on the sidewalk
:getting home, etc
the challenges can be tiredsome...
Knowing about these challenges and knowledge of the
concequenses of not taking them into consideration is the
most important tool the proffesional designer has got to make
our environment more accessible... GMI-Segway
Cooperation, knowledge-exchange, good desition-making
on the political level and seeking information from the right
sources is of great importance.
The Norwegian Ministry of The Environment did a pilot-project
with 16 Municipalities from 2005-2008. In this period seminars
were hold including very different levels of the regional and
local administration and the community. Planners, responsible
for purchasing, municipality advisors, organisationes,
engineers, architects, landscape architects, etc...
To sucseed in creating good accessible environments all
professionals involved needs knowledge so that all details will
work together in the final results.
It is important to realise; sustainable environments are those
that can guarantee not only safety, but also usability and
autonomous mobility to the highest possible number of people. CASS SCULPTURE
3

4. WHAT DOES IT MEAN ; “UNIVERSAL DESIGN”?
Design is in the therm of Universal Design understood to be a
common term for all work prossesses involved in the shaping of the
physical environment. This encompasses community planning, land
use, architecture, construction, activity,product development and
more.
The consept of Universal Design is a strategic approach to planning
and design of products and environments in a fashion that promotes
an inclusive society that ensures full equality and participation for
all, in the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaption or
Barcelona
specialized design.
Primary aims for the strategy is to promote equality for, and ensure
the full partispation in society of individuals with reduced functional-
ity, by removing existing disabling barriers and preventing new ones
from emerging.
In Norway the therm of “ Universell Utforming” Universal Design,
has in some design-circles, maybe due to lack of knowledge on the
field, faced problems beeing embraced. The potentials and challeng-
es that follows the aspect of “designing for everyone” has not been
taken fully advantage of in the design-prosess in many projects.
The term of universal design is named differently in various regions
Barcelona
of the world, small changes that indicate the focus in the different
aspects of work to achive the goal of accessebility and selfmanage-
ment in everyday situations for as many as possible;
USA : Universal design
England : Inclusive design
Danmark, Finland, Nederland, EU : Design for alle
also used : Transgenerational design, Accessible design
MACBA ; Barcelona
4

5. THE ACCESSIBILITY TRIANGLE
The WWT distinguish between three different health
conditions when it comes to term of accessebility; damage,
function disabled and handicapped. The three groups are
listed below. The better accessebility, the fewer handicapped.
People with severe disability;needs help with many daily
activities, people in wheelchairs, and people with limited
strength and mobility in their hands and arms.
Mobility redused due to diseace, age-related impairment.
The majority of the 10 % of the population refered to as
disabled.
Minor disabilities like reduced strenght and mobility, impaired
hearing and sight. This group overlap with the group over.
We will all experience to be potential users of universal design
suited to our everyday needs. A situation with a stroller, a bag
with wheels, beeing parents in public space, an injured foot
and you need to use crutch, beeing to small in hight, or to
tall.
For most of us, it is not easy to be aware of these situations
before they suddenly appare; the stairs become to difficult to
get up, or to have a conversation in the cafe or in the hall of
the theater becomes impossible because you can not manage
to shut out all the “noise” of others talking.
5

6. WHAT TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION : Area and volum adjusted to the use of the room.
WHEN PLANNING AND DESIGNING
These priciples was developed to achieve equality, and by that
“Day-to-day activities” are activities which are carried out by it means that special sollutions isn`t a good enough answer.
most people on a fairly regular and frequent basis. Selfman- Addable sollutions can be stigmatising for a group, and must
agement is of great importance for everyones quality of life, be avoided. Not just the moving disabled must be considered,
not to depend on others in daily tasks. “Disabilities” to take but also orienting disabled and environmental disabled.It is
into consideration when planning and designing our environ- important to strive for a holistic forming and sollutions that
ment should include; will be incorporated in the consept from the beginning of the
project to the end. Another side of the same aspect is the
: mobility acceccebility to collective trasportation.
: manual dexterity (fingerferdighet)
: physical co-ordination Obstacles:
: continence
: ability to lift, carry or otherwise move everyday objects
: eyesight (even when wearing glasses or contact lenses),
: speech or hearing
: memory, learning, concentration, understanding
: perception of the risk of physical danger
Sometimes it will be dificult to meet all of these issues but
accessibility is about meeting as many as possible in our sour-
roundings. The University of North Carolina worked on a list in
the 1990ies on priciples that should be considered for
designers as well as architects throughout their projects. Hav- Poor eyesight:
ing all these principles in mind when designing, the environ-
ment should be more suited for all to use. These priciples are
: Same possibilities for use - make good functional projects,
even if it is about buildings, parks or trafical areas.
: Flexible design of rooms and buildings
: Easy access and intuitive use of houses, areas, traffic termi-
nals etc.
: Understandable information in urban public environment as
Part of eyesight is Tunnel-vision/ poor Top level of eye-
well as in complex houses like hospitals and universities.
: Security for all - like as fire or trafic poor or missing. eyesight in the sight over-exposed
: Low physical tire in interior - open doors etc wide angle. and hardly visible.
6

7. ACCESSIBILITY IN TRAVEL
In transportation, accessibility refers to the ease of reaching des-
tinations. People who are in places that are highly accessible can
reach many other activities or destinations quickly, people in
inaccessible places can reach many fewer places in the same
amount of time. The planning engineer could put it like this; .....20
Accessibility_i = sum_j {Opportunities_j } times fleft( {C_{ij} }
right) where:
* i = index of origin zones
* j = index of destination zones
* fleft( {C_{ij} } right) = function of generalized travel cost
(so that nearer or less expensive places are weighted more than
farther or more expensive places).
In planning this means that accessible zones or aeras in a city will entering a bus-stop in Curitiba (Brazil), not he best solution with
elevator but with slope on the other side
also be more popular, and will give the inhabitants a wider set of
choices than the ones living in less accessible aeras. And this has a
consequence to the economy and quality of life of the inhabitants.
And in the end this costs money... Said in a easier understood way;
easy solutions for everyone to use save money and time.
Well designed vending machines and guidelines to help the traveller
to find the right train/bus/boat/gate is of course important.
Wide entrances to traffic halls, train stationes and hubs to avoid
pact people crowds unable to move in preferred directiones. Good
signing to find information desks, kiosks, vending machines, toilets
etc.
In public transportation it is of preferance to have “low floor” ve-
hicles in traffic, meaning easy access without stairs, and preferably
without use of elevator, wide doors, and no obstacles inside vehicle
so that users on wheels (strollers, wheelchair) can move around
without help and those with poor eyesight not bumping into objects
arial view of access to
unnessasary. entering bus from station bus-stop in Curitiba
7

8. ACCESSIBILITY IN THE CITY AND IN THE STREETSCAPE ity, but also with different ability in perception and orientation
such as elderly, children, occasional users and foreigners, that
Moving in our sorrundings without obstacles is preferred by need references in order to orientate themselves (the so-
anyone, not only by the ones dependent on wheels. called landmarks and road signs), that are relate to different
Good planning and design can give us good, accessible and cognitive and cultural backgrounds. The issue of the orienta-
obstacle-free environments. tion and perceptibility of the urban space, used by “weak” us-
In Barcelona they have worked in their city for a long time ers even on occasional basis, is still underestimated and very
to be user friendly for as many as possible. This has become critical: in order to understand how difficult it is for a visually
very visible in the streets, urban rooms and in many buildings impaired person to move around and orientate himself freely,
in the city. The Urban Planning office works after the strategy we can just say that when we move around we use the sight
of “reversed priority” which basically means they consider the in order to gather around 90% of the environmental informa-
pedestrian environment their most important task. The tion. This element should influence also the choices in urban
private car is private, and it is not considered a public task to planning and in creating streetscapes and urban space.
give the private car good conditions in the public space.
Reasonable!
On the subject of “accessibility and people with disabilities
in Barcelona, (they say:) Accessibility in the streets and to
transport, but also to education, participation, employment, clear distinction of
zones
training, culture, sport, leisure… Building the accessible city
means eliminating physical, communicational and mental
barriers to improve quality of life for all. In Barcelona, peo-
ple with disabilities and their associations are key players in
meeting this challenge, a challenge that must be reviewed
and renewed constantly. Accessibility is a goal from which all
can benefit, and it should, therefore, form part of the very
lifestyle of our city.”
Therefore; In order to start a positive change in the field of
urban planning, human changeability should be more consci-
entiously used as the most important variable in the relation
between man and the built environment; the project solutions
should be made compatible with the different needs, guar-
anteeing usability, safety, autonomy, easiness of perception
and use, alternative ways of use, according to changeable and
diverse needs. The routes should be thought so as to be easy
to use also by weak pedestrians, people with reduced mobil- Magnor Torg New Old Market Square Nottingham,
Eidskog Gustafson Porter
8

9. The potenciality to walk and orientate oneself within pub-
lic spaces can therefore become the common denominator
for different users, also with the help of the new information
technologies. An intervention proposal could be the following;
To identify an area, in which to test some pilot projects, by
using methodologies and strategies that pay particular atten-
tion to weak users:
: identify an area of intervention, or a group of priority pedes-
trian pathways. Connection to important nodes, in relation to
the aims of the project; services, places of tourist interest and
dedicated to leisure activities, resting areas, green areas. In
order to be able to realise a possible network that is continu-
ous, safe, accessible, comfortable, recognisable and attrac-
tive.
: remove from these pathways the elements of inconvenience Barcelona; untextured surface ,
due to the discontinuity of the pathway, to big difficulties in Entrance to Eiganes Park stadion easier for wheels and to orientate,
using it, to the physical, visual and psychological threat smooth surface and wide door symbol unnessasary
represented by the motor means of transport.
: access the connections with public transports, with parking
spaces, with places of interchange in terms of comfort and
accessibility, to optimise the communication systems, the road
signs and the connected urban furniture.
: access the possibility to keep together or separate pedes-
trian flows from other motorised or non-motorised flows.
The urban complexity, in order to be accessible, can be man-
aged with those tools and methods that are typical of Design
for All and Ergonomics, disciplines whose parameters are us-
ability and compatibility (referred to User Centred Design),
the user-focussed project; these disciplines, that foresee the
participation of final users and all stakeholders since the very
beginning of the project, can give a significant contribution to
the management of a quality urban project useable, enjoyable
by everybody.
Sketch of Vogtsgt. in Oslo
Signing on surface in new streetscape in crossings of slowrail/tramline
9

10. Smooth surface in street; Wide and automatic
Lowered steps to sidewalks, One smooth surface in Surface levels subtile indicated
easier to keep clean and to door, smooth surface.
and no obstacles street and place, draining with material-colours
use for everyone This door can be difi-
element in same level as
cult for visualy im-
surface
paired to use due to
the invisible glass...
Wide ramps gives good space for different users; Access to beach with ramps, Even flooring and few ob- Adjustment of entrance to an old building,
bikes, wheelchairs, strollers etc good space around showers stacles in bus and metro steps on one side and ramp on the other.
and entry-aera. makes it easy to use. Could be better even with handrail on
wallside of ramp.
All pictures show situations in
Barcelona
10

11. USE OF COLORS
A right use of colours are very essential for orientation in
spaces. Combined with different materials, light and acoustic
qualities, architecture achieve individual amosphere that also
can be helpful both for the experience and the orientation
for bevegelseshemma, synshemma, orienteringshemma og
miljøhemmede( astma og andre allergikere.)
Here is a list of some things to think of, when it comes to use
of colours.
:The use of white surfaces, and specially in very bright envi-
ronments with few differenciations of colour can make it diffi-
cult for a person with a bad sight to handle and orient.
:Head intrances should be marked with colour, it will make it
easy to find both for svaksynt and orienteringshemma.
:It is preferable to use different colours on floor and walls
Different stations coloured for Outdoor playgrounds marked
:Steps and stairs should be marked in contrast colours. different use. with clear colours.
:Free standing columns should have a clear colour that dis-
tinct from the colours of the surrounding walls. There should
also bee a clear difference of colour between floor and col-
umns.
:Marking columns can also be used to convey direction.
:A use of colour codes in different “stations” or areas for dif-
ferent use is very helpful both for visually impaired and those
who experience difficulties orientating. This is specially help-
full in big open rooms.
Main entrance aera Use of colour can separate
indicated with colour. one staircase from another.
11

12. USE OF LIGHT
Artificial light, daylight and sunlight can be challengig for sight
disabled.With more and more glass used in modern architec-
ture is also difficult for many to see the delimit of a room, a
space or just where the door is.
:Blinding can be avoided by planning where to put glass sur-
faces in relation to sunlight and artificial light.
:Light can be used to create open an closed rooms, or varia-
tion in big open rooms and areas.
:Light can be used to mark directions
:It is important to increase lighting in spots where we usually
dont use that much light, like in hallways and stairways. It Lights potential to change rooms.
can be difficult to see the stairs without light.
:There should be increased litghting by frontdoors, other
doors and doorbells.
:Light can be used as signal for doorbells, or when to go etc.
:Light can be used symbolically like red and green in traffic.
Light can be used to indicate direction.
12

13. TACTILITY AND TEXTURE- Sensing architecture
One of the most profound and informative senses that we
have is our sense of touch. This sense informs so much of the
way we “see” the world around us.
“It is interesting to think that in some way all of our other
senses engage in some form of “touch” as we experience the
things which make up our environments. Thus, as we move
through architectural spaces, we touch what we perceive and
we perceive what we touch — we extract it, interpret it and
make meaning of it in our memory and through learning. You
can say that “touch” helps us to understand.”
“When you touch something it has been said that you can
“feel” it. One could suppose that this means that you com-
pletely take it in through the senses — to cognitively and
emotionally form a perception and then an impression.”
www.sensingarchitecture.com
You can touch, feel, hear and see. We use all our senses when Textures on walls Textures on floors
we orientate. A use of texture in walls, floors and other sur-
faces, both inside an outside, can be very helpful for orien-
tation for all users. The acoustic changes in different rooms
with different surfaces and textures. Tactility gives an uniqe
possiblilty to experience the architecture in another way than
just through sight. The texture of walls, floors, ceilings etc can
abstract light, be in help for orientation and wellbeeing. Big
white rooms can be softened up by texture and light can give
it an impression of being smaller, or bigger.
Tekstures on building, in indoor or outdoor space can be im-
portant factors on individual mapping or reading of a room, a
space... and the place can also tell a story of its own.
Another element is a greater us of textured maps, direction
markers and pictogram. The whole place can be read without
being around in every area of it. Textured maps
13

14. ACOUSTICS
The acoustic is essential to make a room, a place a situa-
tion bearable to stay in. Sound can stress, distress, orien-
tate or dissorientate. The sound can be to quite or load or to
unfocused. Did you manage to hear what was said from the
speaker system at youre local supermarket, at your last flight
or at a big lecture without a sound system? We are all hearing
disabled in different situations.
It is important to think of different aspects when designing
room and space. Good acoustic environments can be made
without electric equipment, and just by using the right materi-
als and the right angels of walls, roofs and floors.
:It is important to plan good understanding of speach in big
rooms where the sound must bear long distances.
In addition to increasing the architectual qualities, this can
be used by central speakers with specific angles of direction. Symbol for telecoil
Theis can be complementert med telecoil or similar equip-
ment.
:It is important to think of the soundlevel and the resonance
time both for hearing dissabled and orientation disabled. It
can be challenging to meet multiple needs, feks it can be dif-
ficult for people with mobility impaired to open heavy sound
issolating doors and treshholds.
:It is also essential to reduce background noise to support
conversation in public space where social interaction often
takes place.
recomended aqoustic relations in areas feks for educational
purposes are
resonance time: T; 0,4-0,6 sek
backgroundnoise: L; less than or equal 35 dba
signal and sound relation; bigger than or equal + 15 db
total soundlevel in spaces; Lpa; less than or equal 70 dba Acoustic panel
14

15. USE OF HEALTY MATERIALS
There is a great, and increasing amount of people that is suf-
fering from asthma or allergies. The indoor climate as well as
the outdoor is important to consider during a prosess of de-
sign. By choosing the right material, the right paint, the right
surfaces etc, a lot is already improved to make better
environments. Here is a list of actions that can be done to
prevent bad indoor climate;
Paint with low emission
:Secure low amount of moist in materials and finished build- and minimal smell
ings
:Secure ingestion of clean outdoor air, a way that prevent or-
ganic materials like dust, snow and other moist to get sucked
in to the building.
:Avoid plants and trees close to the main entrance and air
systems.
:Choose materials that does not give off health damaging or
Achieving an healthy environment
irritating aviation; low emission materials.
- is a balance between;
:Choose materials and other building materials from product Temperature
documentation that show good qualities in due to aviation
:Avoid hot sourses with high surface temperature
:Choose materials that got cleanable surfaces.
:Ensure airfilters
:Avoid shelves and constructions that collect dust, that
seldom will be cleaned.
Relative humidity Ventilation
15

16. EXAMPLES IN SIGNING AND GUIDELINES
Obstacles referres not only to bumps, stairs and steep slopes,
but it can also be lack of, or overload in signing. This can be
truly confusing for the one with poor eyesight, the hearing
impared or simply the tourist.
Clever signing and guidelines in our environment can save us
from lost time and a lot of negative stress and frustration.
Using guidelines with texture and with contrast colours on the
Clear guideline in bus-stop,with surface-texture,direct to bus entreance, and
surface can be helpful to indicate directiones, change in di- indicating road-crossing and edges to sidewalk. Dark line most effective.
rectiones, edges, crossings, entrances, etc. But it needs good
planning and design to be sucsessful, and to not make poor
visual and aesthetic solutions or in worst case chaotic
sorrundings for the ones depending on visual and sensory
help.
It is desirable to make signing and guiding continously leading
but also continously readable in large buildings and aeras in a Left: good contrasts in street sign,
city (or the whole city) to achieve the best results in achiev- white on pink, pink on grey back-
ing this. When developing a project, one can implement this ground.
from the beginng as part of developing a strong identity and a Top left: service sign; clear white
“i” on orange background.
conceptually unit language to a building or a street, etc. Top right : service sign dark matt
sign on translucent (frosted glass)
background.
From Modern Art
Museum, Iceland
From Dragvoll,Norway From Modern Art Museum, Iceland
Guidelines in floor to indicate Clear and visual guidelines; yellow on Street name and nr in entrance rail on Museum name above entrance; dark
classroom entrances. tarmac. Metro-tunnel in London. light background, Sensory accessible. writing on light background.
16

17. EXAPLES OF SMART ADJUSTMENTS IN DETAILS
: Smooth ground surfaces of entranceways, without stairs
: Wide interior doors and hallways
: Lever handles for opening doors rather than twisting knobs
: Light switches with large flat panels rather than small toggle
switches
: Buttons on control panels that can be distinguished by touch
: Bright and appropriate lighting, particularly task lighting
: Auditory output redundant with information on visual displays
: Visual output redundant with information in auditory output
: Contrast controls on visual output From Danfors -center,Danmark From Danfors
: Use of meaningful icons as well as text labels Smooth surface for wheels and tired legs. Benches and trashbin
: Clear lines of sight (to reduce dependence on sound) Clear divertion in colour indicating walk-zone easy to reach from path.
: Volume controls on auditory output
: Speed controls on auditory output
: Choice of language on speech output
: Ramp access in swimming pools
: Closed captioning on television networks
: Voice output on (official) web-pages (municipality, govern ment,
cinema, papers? etc)
3 4 From Danfors From Danfors
Ramps leading to different floors Ramps leading to different zones,
easy to use by everyone. taking you over uneven terrain.
From City Hall,
2
Iceland
1
The web-site of Malmø Municipality; one have the optiones of sign-language
(1), voice-output (2), large text (3) for easy reading and other languages is From Dragvoll, Norway
an option. This makes the information more accessible for more inhabitants Wide entrance door with change in Apropriate lighting; here natural
than if the optiones were missing. surface on floor. Glass with stripes. overlight indicating walk-aera
17

18. From The Museum From From From
of Modern Art, Iceland The City Hall, Iceland The Univercity of Iceland The Univercity of Iceland
Entrance from street with change in surface Steps indicated with Large doorhandle better for visualy im- Ramp with rails, next to stairs for
textures indicating something happening. light, easy to locate paired as automatic doors can be a chal- variated use.
edges of stairs. lenge. Glass indicated with frosted pattern.
Handrail indicating steps in stair, it is Metalnails indicating something new Lighting in roof of waitingaera Good lighting on f.ex a work desk
important that rails are continous so that happening; steps going up. to lightrail in Paris. Makes it helps very much when the eyes
someone with poor eyesight or who needs easy to find at night. get tired or the eyesight is poor.
it for support suddenly is not left helpless.
18

19. UNIVERSAL DESIGN- CHALLENGING OR, A NECESSARY out an integration in mind from the first pensil draw? Special
EVIL? design often leeds to segregation, stigma and not integration.
Universal design have in some ways been sentral in the build- Years to come we will experience the challenge in Norway in a
ing prossess of architects. The focus have been on easy bigger scale. The elder population in Norway will double in the
access, m2, and ability to move, but the focus have not been next 30 years, from 600 000 to 1 million people, and a
sentral in the row of many other demands during the design- majority of these will have sight and mobility impairments.
prossess. And the focus have also just been on ability to
move, and not so much the ability to see, hear and orientate. We see an increasing focus on Universal Design. Architectural
The challenges that architects will face in the nearest future is competitions is sponsored by the authorities, pilotprojects
based on the new legislation of 01.01.09, the ” law of discrim- are starting, there is bigger focus on class courses for archi-
ination”. The law says that it is illegal to discriminate on the tects, and NAL (Norwegian Architects National Foundation)
basis of impaired ability to function. This means that Universal initiated Stavanger 2008 project, Norwegian Wood, focusing
Design must be a output factor in all new public buildings and on contemporary sustainable timber architecture has inclusive
spaces during planning and building. There is also sanctions design as one of its four quality criteria. Norwegian Wood is
for those who not practise this law or not take this into a learning arena both for those directly involved and for the
consideration. construction industry as a whole.
This law contains a change of attitude, and a work for what is NAL have also created a strategy plan for Universal design.
good design consider the users. Universell Design strive for a In their strategy for “Inclusive design” they write;
holistic design, throughout the whole prossess. By having this
in mind the good solutions will most certain appear. “Architects, planners and other associated professions
contribute to all aspects of design in the built environment. They,
So is this going to be challenging and just a new irritating law therefore, have a fundamental duty to incorporate
that is necessary evil, or can this be a positiv challenge, that inclusive design in the planning and delivery of optimal solutions.”
will make us architects think in new ways, be more creative
and make good solutions and consepts in our projects? We have in this assignment tried to find all the aspects of
The intention, meaning and interepetation of the law is very Design for All. The challenge will be to find good subtile
diverse. But then again, we are designing for people, human solutions that will not dominate the expression in our en-
beeings, individuals and it seems logic to take functions and vironment. Certainly we will see a change of thoughts and
handicaps into bigger consideration, after all its all about de- attitudes, and creative projects that will consider Universal
veloping sustainable projects, and sustainable is surroundings Design to is’t fullest will be built. This can be an interesting
designed for lifelong conditiones. Architects may have had the direction architecture, urban planning and design can evolve
reputation of beeing more interested in their personal expres- to its perfection. There is a need to develope these skills into
sion and art, and trivialize the needs of the users. The adjust- our intuition together with our construction-, shaping- and
ment to Universal Design, have usually been “add on’s”, like “green” skills. Exiting!!
ramps, ellivators, signs and soforth. But will not these “add // Tove Helen Grande Dyb & Laura Ve
on’s” destroy the original consept when its planned with- Bergen School of Architecture January 2010
19

20. referances and sources
: www.wikipedia.org : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility
: www.ons.gov.uk : ”Accessible Train and Station Design for
Disabled People: A Code of Practice”;
Code of Practice Version 01 – July 2008
: “Universell utforming som kommunal strategi”,
Pilotkommunesatsingen 2005-2008,
Norwegian Ministry of The Environment
: Norge universelt utformet 2025,
Regjeringens handlingsplan 2009-2013,
Norwegian Ministry of Children, Equality and Social inclusion
: Designprosesser med brukbarhet som målsetting
- en introduksjon til brukersentrert design
Tom Vavik; NALs seminar 13.november 2006 Universell utforming
DESIGN OG TILGJENGELIGHET Formgivning og funksjonalitet for alle
: Redevelopment and Revitalization Along Urban Arterials-Case
Study of San Pablo Avenue, California, from the Developers’ Perspective
: Barcelona-Studietur rapport, mai 2006
(www.universell-utforming.miljo.no/file.../barcelona_rapport.pdf)
: http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLink Pl/0,4022,290652867_291374213_3,00.html;
english website to BNC-CITY
: Urban planning and accessibility of urban spaces.
Isabella Tiziana Steffan (STUDIO STEFFAN)
: Designprosesser med brukbarhet som målsetting-en itroduksjon
til brukersentrert design.
: UNIVERSELL UTFORMING - byer, hus og parker for alle,
Sigmund Asmervik Institutt for landskapsplanlegging, UMB
: http://sensingarchitecture.com/2469/maximizing-the-sense-of-
touch-in-adaptive-architecture/
: www.akustikk-selskap.com
: www.hlf.no
: www.statsbygg.no
: www.universell-utforming.miljo.no
: www.asimo.no
: Formakademisk artikkel, Universell utforming i arkitektpraksis,
Inger-Marie Hølmebakk
: www.NAL.no/universell utforming
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