Interface Bluetooth Module HC-05 with Arduino and Send Temperature and humidity Data Aim: To interface Bluetooth module HC-05 with Arduino and send temperature and humidity data Apparatus Required: Sign Number Name of the Equipment Quantity 1 Arduino UNO 1 2 Computer with Arduino IDE 1 3 USB Cable 1 4 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 1 5 Smartphone with Bluetooth Terminal HC-05 Application 1 6 Smartphone 1 7 Breadboard 1 8 Jumper iresW As 1 Theory: HC05 module is a Bluetooth module using serial communication, mostly used in electronics projects. HC-05is a Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module designed for wireless communication. It can also be operated as amaster or slave configuration. Circuit Diagram: Code: #include <SoftwareSerial.h> #include "DHT.h"#define DHT_PIN 2 SoftwareSerial bluetooth(2, 3); // Rx and Tx respectively.DHT dht(DHT_PIN,DHT11); float temperature, humidity; voidsetup() { pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); bluetooth.begin(9600); Serial.println("Ready to connect. Defualt password: 1234 or 0000."); } void loop() { if(bluetooth.available()) { temperature = dht.readTemperature(); humidity =dht.readHumidity(); if(isnan(temperature) || isnan(humidity)) { Serial.println("ERROR: Unable to read temperature and humidity data."); } else { bluetooth.write(temperature); bluetooth.write(humidity); } delay(1000); } } Procedure: 1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Open the Arduino IDE in your computer and write the above sketch. 3. Compile the sketch and upload it to Arduino UNO. 4. Connect to HC-05 via your Smartphone and send data to it with application named “Bluetooth Terminal HC-05.” Click here to download the app. 5. Once downloaded, setup the application to receive data. 6. Now, the Arduino UNO will fetch temperature and humidity data from DHT11 and send it to Smartphone via Bluetooth. Result: Hence, Bluetooth module HC-05 is interfaced successfully with Arduino UNO and data is sent to Smartphone via Bluetooth. Interface Bluetooth Module HC-05 with Arduino and Send Temperature and humidity Data Aim: To interface Bluetooth module HC-05 with Arduino and send temperature and humidity data Apparatus Required: Sign Number Name of the Equipment Quantity 1 Arduino UNO 1 2 Computer with Arduino IDE 1 3 USB Cable 1 4 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 1 5 Smartphone with Bluetooth Terminal HC-05 Application 1 6 Smartphone 1 7 Breadboard 1 8 Jumper iresW As 1 Theory: HC05 module is a Bluetooth module using serial communication, mostly used in electronics projects. HC-05is a Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module designed for wireless communication. It can also be operated as amaster or slave configuration. Circuit Diagram: Code: #include <SoftwareSerial.h> #include "DHT.h"#define DHT_PIN 2 SoftwareSerial bluetooth(2, 3); // Rx and Tx respectively.DHT dht(DHT_PIN,DHT11); float temperature, humidity; voidsetup() { pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); bluetooth.begin(9600); Serial.pr

1. MOBILE COMPUTING

2. • Introduction to Mobile Computing –
Applications of Mobile Computing-
Generations of Mobile Communication
Technologies- Multiplexing – Spread spectrum
-MAC Protocols – SDMA- TDMA- FDMA-
CDMA
Unit – I INTRODUCTION

3. • Introduction to Cellular Systems - GSM –
Services & Architecture – Protocols –
Connection Establishment – Frequency
Allocation – Routing – Mobility Management –
Security – GPRS- UMTS – Architecture –
Handover - Security
Unit – II MOBILE
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

4. • Mobile IP – DHCP – AdHoc– Proactive
protocol-DSDV, Reactive Routing Protocols –
DSR, AODV , Hybrid routing –ZRP, Multicast
Routing- ODMRP, Vehicular Ad Hoc networks (
VANET) –MANET Vs VANET – Security.
UNIT III MOBILE NETWORK
LAYER

5. • Mobile TCP– WAP – Architecture – WDP –
WTLS – WTP –WSP – WAE – WTA Architecture
– WML
UNIT IV MOBILE TRANSPORT
AND APPLICATION LAYER

6. • Mobile Device Operating Systems – Special
Constraints & Requirements – Commercial
Mobile Operating Systems – Software
Development Kit: iOS, Android, BlackBerry,
Windows Phone – MCommerce – Structure –
Pros & Cons – Mobile Payment System –
Security Issues
UNIT V MOBILE PLATFORMS
AND APPLICATIONS

7. Mobile Computing
• Mobile Computing is a technology that allows
transmission of data, voice and video via a
computer or any other wireless enabled
device without having to be connected to a
fixed physical link. The main concept involves
• Mobile communication
• Mobile hardware
• Mobile software

8. Application
• VEHICLES
• EMERGENCIES
• BUSINESS

9. GENERATIONS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
• First Generation
• Second Generation
• Third Generation
• Fourth Generation
• Fifth Generation

10. GENERATIONS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
• First Generation
• Second Generation
• Third Generation
• Fourth Generation
• Fifth Generation

11. First Generation
• It uses analog technology that were introduced
in the 1980s and continued until being replaced
by 2G digital telecommunications
It introduces the following mobile technologies
• Mobile Telephone System (MTS)
• Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS)
• Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS)
• Push to Talk (PTT)

12. Features
• Maximum speed of 1G is 2.4 Kbps
• Allows voice calls in 1 country
• Use analog signal
• Channel bandwidth 30khz
Disadvantage
• Poor Voice Quality
• Poor Battery Life
• Large Phone Size
• No Security
• Limited Capacity

13. Second Generation
• Second Generation based on GSM.
• It was launched in Finland in the year 1991.
• It uses digital signals for voice transmission.
• It make use of either CDMA or TDMA.

14. Features
• Lower power emissions
• Data speed was upto 64kbps
• Use digital signals
• Enables services such as text messages,
picture messages and MMS(Multimedia
message) Provides better quality and capacity
Limitations
• Requires powerful digital signals to work the
mobile phones
• Unable to handle complex data such as videos

15. Third Generation
• It make use of TDMA and CDMA.
• It provides value added services like mobile
television, GPS (global positioning system),
live streaming and video conferencing.
• It is designed for multimedia communication

16. Features
• Fast data transfer rates
• Speed 2 Mbps
• Send/receive large email messages
• Provide seamless global roaming
Limitations
• Requires higher bandwidth
• Cost is high

17. Fourth Generation
• It is an all IP-based integrated system will be
capable to provide 100 Mbps for high mobility
and 1 Gbps.
• The user services include IP telephony, ultra-
broadband Internet access, gaming services
and High Definition Television (HDTV)
streamed multimedia.

18. Feature
• Capable of provide 10Mbps-1Gbps speed
• High quality streaming video
• Combination of Wi-Fi and Wi-Max
• High security
• Low cost per-bit
Limitations
• Battery uses is more
• Hard to implement
• Need complicated hardware
• Expensive equipment required to implement next
generation network

19. Fifth Generation
• Its not yet have been deployed and are still at
a research and development phase
• Increased data transmission capability 1 Gbps
• Connectivity to a large number of devices due
to the IoT.
• Period of establishment 2016 to 2020.

20. MULTIPLEXING
• Multiplexing is a technique in which, multiple
simultaneous analog or digital signals are
transmitted across a single data link. For
wireless communication, multiplexing can be
carried out in four dimensions:
• Space
• Time
• Frequency
• Code

21. SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
• Space Division can be called as the
combination of concepts of Frequency
Division Multiplexing and Time Division
Multiplexing
• Pass messages or data parallely with the use
of specific frequency at certain interval of time
• Particular channel for some amount of time
will be used against a certain frequency band

23. • Diagram shows six channels kiand introduces a
three dimensional coordinate systems. This
system shows the dimension of code c, time t,
and frequency f. For this type of multiplexing,
space division multiplexing (SDM), the (three
dimensional ) space si is also shown
• The channels k1 to k3 can be mapped onto the
three spaces s1 to s3 which clearly separate
the channels and prevent the interference
ranges from overlapping. For the channels (k4
to k6) three additional spaces will be needed.

24. FREQUENCY DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING
• FDM describe to several overlapping
frequency
• Each channel ki is now allotted its own
frequency band as indicated
• Senders using a certain frequency band can
use this band continuously. Again guard
spaces are needed to avoid frequency band
overlapping

26. Advantages
• Applicable on both analog signals as well as
digital signals
• Simultaneous signal transmission feature
Disadvantages
• Less Flexibility
• Bandwidth wastage is high and can be an
issue

27. TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
• When data transmission rate of media is
greater than that of the source, and each
signal is allotted a definite amount of time.
• These slots are so small that all transmissions
appear to be parallel.
• In frequency division multiplexing all the
signals operate at the same time with
different frequencies,
• but in time division multiplexing all the signals
operate with same frequency at different
times.

29. • Advantages
• Single user at a time
• Less complex and more flexible architecture
Disadvantages
• Difficult to implement

30. CODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
• Every channel is allotted with a unique code
so that each of these channels can use the
same spectrum simultaneously at same time
• Channels ki use the same frequency at the
same time for transmission
• Each channel its own ‘code’

32. Advantages
• Highly Efficient
• Less Inference
• Good protection against interference and
tapping
Disadvantages
• Less data transmission rates
• Complex in nature

33. MAC Protocols
• MAC stands for Media Access Control. A MAC
layer protocol is the protocol that controls
access to the physical transmission medium
on a LAN
• (MAC) data communication
Networks protocol sub-layer, also known as
the Medium Access Control, is a sub-layer of
the data link layer specified in the seven-layer
OSI model
• It acts as an interface between the Logical Link
Control

34. 34
Channel Partitioning MAC protocols
TDMA: time division multiple access
Frequency
time
Frequency
time
FDMA: frequency division multiple access
CDMA: code division multiple access
 Same frequency and time but different codes.
4 users
Example:

35. Classification of MAC Protocols

36. • Fixed assignment schemes are usually called
circuit switched method
• Random assignment schemes are packet
switching schemes
• Reservation based schemes are handle calls

37. – Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
– Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
– Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
– Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

38. SPREAD SPECTRUM
• Technique that involve spreading the
bandwidth needed to transmit data
• Spreading the spectrum is the resistance to
narrowband interference
Two different way to spread spectrum
• Direct sequence spread spectrum
• Frequency hopping spread spectrum

39. Direct sequence spread spectrum
• DSSS is one of the most popular and
transmission methods in the wireless
communications
• Narrow band signals are spread over much
wider band

40. Step by step process of DSSS
• At the sending end the original data are going
into a spreading modulator
• Pseudo noise called a chipping sequence is added
and mixed in the modulator
• The chipping sequence are much higher bit rate
sequence, a series of 0s and 1s.
• The spreading modulator transmit the modulator
signal at a much wider band.
• At the receiving end the received signal is
demodulated with a chipping sequence and
original data are restored.