This document outlines a 2nd grade unit plan focused on plants, biomes, growth, and reproduction. The unit consists of 3 main lessons: 1) an introduction to plant ecosystems and biomes, 2) an investigation of plant growth through growing Wisconsin Fast Plants, and 3) exploring plant reproduction through seed dispersal and pollination. The first lesson introduces students to 5 main biomes and has them compare plant life and conditions. They then quantify plant populations in biome images. The second lesson involves growing identical plants under different conditions to study growth. The third looks at how plants reproduce through seeds and pollination.
The document provides information on different levels of ecological organization and various biomes found around the world. It discusses the abiotic factors, plant adaptations, animal adaptations, and threats to each biome, including tropical rainforests, temperate deciduous forests, taiga, tropical savannas, steppe, chaparral, grasslands, and deserts. Key biomes are defined by their location and characteristic environmental conditions.
The document provides information about soil, ecosystems, food chains, natural selection, adaptations, and fossils. It explains that soil consists of living and nonliving materials like rocks, minerals, organisms, and dead plant and animal matter. Soil provides nutrients and support for plant growth. It also describes how food chains demonstrate the transfer of energy between organisms and defines natural selection as how organisms develop traits over generations to better survive in their environments. Adaptations are inherited traits that improve an organism's chances of survival, and fossils show how species have changed over long periods of time. Hands-on activities are suggested to help students understand these concepts.
This document discusses the origins of biodiversity through the process of evolution by natural selection. It explains that over long periods of time, organisms gradually change through beneficial mutations that allow better adaptation to the environment, and these adapted traits get passed down through reproduction. Variation exists within species, and individuals with variations better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their beneficial genes. This gradual process of evolution through natural selection over millions of years has led to the diversity of life we see today. Plate tectonics further influenced biodiversity by splitting land masses and isolating previously connected populations, allowing them to evolve separately into new species through allopatric speciation.
The document discusses biomes and the factors that determine different biome types. It explains that the three main determining factors for biomes are the amount of water (rainfall), amount of sunlight (insolation), and temperature. These factors affect photosynthesis and net primary productivity, which then determines the location and composition of different biomes. The document provides descriptions of several biomes including tropical rainforest, savanna, temperate deciduous forest, grassland, cold desert, and tundra. It also introduces the tri-cellular model of atmospheric circulation that helps explain the global distribution of biomes.
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
Biogeo lec 5 the distribution of communitiesMatt Robinson
The document discusses communities and ecosystems from a biogeographic perspective. It describes how ecological communities are complex associations of species and examines the extent to which species are distributed together interdependently versus independently. It then defines key terms like community, ecosystem, and biome. Specific biomes are outlined, including tropical rainforest, savanna, grasslands, boreal forest, and tundra. Characteristics like climate, vegetation, and species compositions are provided for each biome.
This document outlines a 4th grade webquest on Utah biomes. Students are instructed to use various links to learn about the three main biomes in Utah - wetlands, forests, and deserts. They answer questions and complete tasks about the defining characteristics, plants, animals, and examples of each biome. The webquest is designed to teach students about the different life and environmental conditions supported by each of Utah's three main biomes.
Intro to ecosystems - Adapted from The Biology Corner, Intro to Ecologyacloving
An introduction to the components of an ecosystem (adapted from The Biology Corner (2001), Introduction to Ecology, retrieved on the 10/09/13, http://www.biologycorner.com/lesson-plans/ecology/)
The document provides information on different levels of ecological organization and various biomes found around the world. It discusses the abiotic factors, plant adaptations, animal adaptations, and threats to each biome, including tropical rainforests, temperate deciduous forests, taiga, tropical savannas, steppe, chaparral, grasslands, and deserts. Key biomes are defined by their location and characteristic environmental conditions.
The document provides information about soil, ecosystems, food chains, natural selection, adaptations, and fossils. It explains that soil consists of living and nonliving materials like rocks, minerals, organisms, and dead plant and animal matter. Soil provides nutrients and support for plant growth. It also describes how food chains demonstrate the transfer of energy between organisms and defines natural selection as how organisms develop traits over generations to better survive in their environments. Adaptations are inherited traits that improve an organism's chances of survival, and fossils show how species have changed over long periods of time. Hands-on activities are suggested to help students understand these concepts.
This document discusses the origins of biodiversity through the process of evolution by natural selection. It explains that over long periods of time, organisms gradually change through beneficial mutations that allow better adaptation to the environment, and these adapted traits get passed down through reproduction. Variation exists within species, and individuals with variations better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their beneficial genes. This gradual process of evolution through natural selection over millions of years has led to the diversity of life we see today. Plate tectonics further influenced biodiversity by splitting land masses and isolating previously connected populations, allowing them to evolve separately into new species through allopatric speciation.
The document discusses biomes and the factors that determine different biome types. It explains that the three main determining factors for biomes are the amount of water (rainfall), amount of sunlight (insolation), and temperature. These factors affect photosynthesis and net primary productivity, which then determines the location and composition of different biomes. The document provides descriptions of several biomes including tropical rainforest, savanna, temperate deciduous forest, grassland, cold desert, and tundra. It also introduces the tri-cellular model of atmospheric circulation that helps explain the global distribution of biomes.
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
Biogeo lec 5 the distribution of communitiesMatt Robinson
The document discusses communities and ecosystems from a biogeographic perspective. It describes how ecological communities are complex associations of species and examines the extent to which species are distributed together interdependently versus independently. It then defines key terms like community, ecosystem, and biome. Specific biomes are outlined, including tropical rainforest, savanna, grasslands, boreal forest, and tundra. Characteristics like climate, vegetation, and species compositions are provided for each biome.
This document outlines a 4th grade webquest on Utah biomes. Students are instructed to use various links to learn about the three main biomes in Utah - wetlands, forests, and deserts. They answer questions and complete tasks about the defining characteristics, plants, animals, and examples of each biome. The webquest is designed to teach students about the different life and environmental conditions supported by each of Utah's three main biomes.
Intro to ecosystems - Adapted from The Biology Corner, Intro to Ecologyacloving
An introduction to the components of an ecosystem (adapted from The Biology Corner (2001), Introduction to Ecology, retrieved on the 10/09/13, http://www.biologycorner.com/lesson-plans/ecology/)
The document describes various ecological hierarchies that shape biodiversity on Earth, including taxonomic, trophic, and ecological hierarchies. It then discusses key concepts in biogeography and ecosystems, such as biomes, disturbance regimes, succession, and how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems. Specific biomes are also outlined such as tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra.
Andy Moldenke - Insects in Early Seral HabitatsEcoshare
The document discusses how insect communities differ between open canopy and closed canopy forest environments. It finds that about 50% of total arthropod species are only found in early succession open canopy areas in the short time after clearcutting. Open canopy areas tend to have higher species richness and abundance than closed canopy forests. Individual insect species, functional guilds, and whole taxa have different preferences and responses to shade versus sun conditions. Riparian zones also have distinct insect communities that can extend 50-70 meters from the stream, with higher richness and abundance closer to water.
The document provides information about various world biomes including tropical rainforests, temperate deciduous forests, taiga, savannas, steppe, prairies, chaparral, deserts, tundra, freshwater ecosystems, marshes, swamps, rivers, estuaries, coral reefs. For each biome, it describes location, abiotic factors, examples of plant and animal adaptations, and potential threats.
Communities have patterns of succession, stratification, and zonation over time. Succession involves changes in species composition from colonizers to a climax community. Stratification creates vertical layers from canopy to forest floor. Zonation forms bands of organisms along environmental gradients of factors like temperature, water, and tide.
This document discusses key concepts in ecology including different levels of biological organization from protoplasm to the biosphere. It also defines different biomes like prairies, deserts, forests, tundra, and savannah. The levels of biological organization are interrelated and show that organisms depend on interactions within ecosystems.
Grade 1 School Garden Lesson Plan - Sunflower Power ~ Massachusetts
|=> This is a multi-part activity in which students will grow a sunflower, measure and record its growth and ability to track the sun, harvest its seeds, eat and save them for next year’s first grade class
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
This document discusses types of ecological relationships and succession. It describes 4 main types of ecological relationships: symbiosis, saprophytism, prey-predator, and competition. Under symbiosis it defines and provides examples of mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. It then discusses different examples of mutualistic relationships between species. The document also discusses parasitism, commensalism, competition, and succession - the process by which one community gradually replaces another through changes to the environment.
Grade 1 School Garden Lesson Plan - Soil Lesson; Dig A Soil Pit ~ Massachusetts
|=> In this activity, students will dig a pit in the garden and observe soil layers. They will then speculate as to what the soil layers mean for the garden.
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
The document summarizes key concepts about green plants, including how they evolved adaptations to live on land. It discusses their morphological diversity and classification. It also describes how plants evolved traits like cuticles, stomata, and vascular tissue to transport water and withstand dry conditions. Molecular evidence from phylogenies supports green algae being ancestors of land plants.
Grade 1 School Garden Lesson Plan - Seeds Lesson; What is a Seed ~ Massachusetts
|=> In this activity students will closely observe a variety of objects: seed and non-seeds. They will conduct experiments to test their assumptions as to which are seeds by soaking the objects and then planting them and then observing the results
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Impact of recent fire on trap nesting beesSara McDonald
This document outlines a proposed study to examine the impact of prescribed early-season fires on solitary native bees that nest aboveground in longleaf pine forests. The study would use trap nests, pitfall traps, and blue vane traps to sample bee communities at sites that were burned and unburned. Samples would be collected along transects at different distances from burn sites and analyzed to compare brood cell density, parasitism rates, and community composition between burned and unburned areas. If conducted as outlined, the study has the potential to provide empirical data on how different burn regimes impact non-target bee populations and inform fire management practices.
General structures of terrestrial communitiesErros Que
The document summarizes Christian Raunkier's system for categorizing plants based on where their renewal buds are located during unfavorable seasons. It defines six life forms - epiphytes, phanerophytes, chameophytes, hemicryptophytes, cryptophytes, and therophytes - based on whether the buds are exposed, at the surface, below surface, or within seeds. Epiphytes grow on other plants, phanerophytes have exposed buds on upright shoots, chameophytes have buds at the surface, and therophytes have buds that persist only within seeds. The document also briefly discusses autotrophs, phagotrophs, saprotrophs,
This document discusses biodiversity at multiple levels - genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that biodiversity represents the variety of life forms from unicellular to multicellular organisms across all biological levels. Species diversity is largest among small organisms like insects and fungi. The document highlights that we have only described 15% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species, showing how much biodiversity remains unknown. It also discusses the value of biodiversity through the ecosystem services it provides like nutrient cycling, soil conditioning, climate regulation, and providing natural resources for food, medicine and other uses. Maintaining biodiversity acts as an environmental insurance and ensures ecosystem resilience.
Mcas life science plants life cyles adaptations short 2012lryan61
Carl Linnaeus invented a system for classifying living things using their observable characteristics. All living things are classified into a taxonomic hierarchy consisting of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Scientists use this system to communicate consistently about different organisms. Photosynthesis allows plants to make their own food from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Food chains and webs show how energy transfers as organisms consume each other. Producers like plants harness solar energy, consumers eat other organisms to get energy, and decomposers break down waste.
This document summarizes an interdisciplinary study on controlling the invasive plant hemlock at the Pearson-Arastradero Preserve through various treatment methods. The study tested pulling hemlock plants and reseeding with native grasses and forbs but found no significant difference between the treatment plots and the control. It recommends alternative treatment methods and expanding volunteer programs to engage the community in invasive species removal and habitat restoration. The document also discusses how recognizing the connections between historical Native American cultural areas and plant distributions can inform collaborative conservation approaches.
This document summarizes competition between animal and plant species for resources. It discusses different types of biotic interactions including competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, and mutualism. Competition can occur within or between species and can limit population size and influence traits through natural selection. The competitive exclusion principle and law of limiting similarity suggest that similar species cannot coexist if competing for the same exact resources. Resource partitioning allows niche differentiation that enables coexistence. Experiments on grassland plants support the R* model, which predicts that the species with the lowest resource equilibrium level will competitively exclude others. Root biomass correlates with a lower R*, giving some plants a competitive advantage.
Roots play an essential role in plant growth by absorbing water and nutrients from soil. Microorganisms in the soil, such as bacteria and fungi, form symbiotic relationships with plant roots that are beneficial to both parties. The microbes help plants uptake nutrients and water, while the plants provide carbohydrates to the microbes. Two important examples are rhizobia bacteria that fix nitrogen for legume plants, and mycorrhizal fungi that extend the root system and help access additional soil nutrients. These symbiotic relationships between plant roots and soil microbes strengthen plants and increase crop yields.
The document discusses different types of animals throughout the world. It covers vertebrate animals like mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, as well as invertebrate animals like sponges, cnidarians, worms, molluscs, echinoderms and arthropods. For each group, it describes key characteristics like their nutrition, reproduction, physical features and habitats. The purpose is to educate about different animal classifications so students can choose one to research and describe its features.
A presentation by Dr. Ranil Senanayake, founder of the Analog Forestry design science, describing the design process and principles used in Analog Forestry.
This document summarizes various mechanisms of seed dispersal used by plants, including dispersal by animals, wind, water, and other methods. It provides examples of each type of dispersal. Animals disperse seeds by eating fruits and depositing the seeds later, some plants have seeds that cling to fur, and some animals like squirrels and jays bury seeds. Wind disperses seeds with winged or tumbling fruits. Water floats some seeds, like coconuts. Other methods include seed pods that pop open on maturity and spreading seeds. Overall, seed dispersal helps plants spread seeds far from the parent to ensure future generations.
Este documento contém as atas de 10 sessões tutoriais de um grupo de estudantes de Terapia Ocupacional discutindo seus projetos. Nas sessões, eles escolhem líderes, debatem conceitos, planejam vídeos educativos, recebem feedback do tutor e organizam um portfólio online.
Este documento trata sobre la microzonificación sísmica. La microzonificación es la representación geográfica detallada del riesgo sísmico en una zona, la cual depende de las condiciones del suelo en la región. La microzonificación es importante porque el impacto de un sismo depende no solo de su magnitud, sino también de las características del suelo, las cuales varían en distintas áreas. El objetivo del estudio es ofrecer una microzonificación sísmica completa para una zona específica con el fin de generar
The document describes various ecological hierarchies that shape biodiversity on Earth, including taxonomic, trophic, and ecological hierarchies. It then discusses key concepts in biogeography and ecosystems, such as biomes, disturbance regimes, succession, and how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems. Specific biomes are also outlined such as tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra.
Andy Moldenke - Insects in Early Seral HabitatsEcoshare
The document discusses how insect communities differ between open canopy and closed canopy forest environments. It finds that about 50% of total arthropod species are only found in early succession open canopy areas in the short time after clearcutting. Open canopy areas tend to have higher species richness and abundance than closed canopy forests. Individual insect species, functional guilds, and whole taxa have different preferences and responses to shade versus sun conditions. Riparian zones also have distinct insect communities that can extend 50-70 meters from the stream, with higher richness and abundance closer to water.
The document provides information about various world biomes including tropical rainforests, temperate deciduous forests, taiga, savannas, steppe, prairies, chaparral, deserts, tundra, freshwater ecosystems, marshes, swamps, rivers, estuaries, coral reefs. For each biome, it describes location, abiotic factors, examples of plant and animal adaptations, and potential threats.
Communities have patterns of succession, stratification, and zonation over time. Succession involves changes in species composition from colonizers to a climax community. Stratification creates vertical layers from canopy to forest floor. Zonation forms bands of organisms along environmental gradients of factors like temperature, water, and tide.
This document discusses key concepts in ecology including different levels of biological organization from protoplasm to the biosphere. It also defines different biomes like prairies, deserts, forests, tundra, and savannah. The levels of biological organization are interrelated and show that organisms depend on interactions within ecosystems.
Grade 1 School Garden Lesson Plan - Sunflower Power ~ Massachusetts
|=> This is a multi-part activity in which students will grow a sunflower, measure and record its growth and ability to track the sun, harvest its seeds, eat and save them for next year’s first grade class
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
This document discusses types of ecological relationships and succession. It describes 4 main types of ecological relationships: symbiosis, saprophytism, prey-predator, and competition. Under symbiosis it defines and provides examples of mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. It then discusses different examples of mutualistic relationships between species. The document also discusses parasitism, commensalism, competition, and succession - the process by which one community gradually replaces another through changes to the environment.
Grade 1 School Garden Lesson Plan - Soil Lesson; Dig A Soil Pit ~ Massachusetts
|=> In this activity, students will dig a pit in the garden and observe soil layers. They will then speculate as to what the soil layers mean for the garden.
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
The document summarizes key concepts about green plants, including how they evolved adaptations to live on land. It discusses their morphological diversity and classification. It also describes how plants evolved traits like cuticles, stomata, and vascular tissue to transport water and withstand dry conditions. Molecular evidence from phylogenies supports green algae being ancestors of land plants.
Grade 1 School Garden Lesson Plan - Seeds Lesson; What is a Seed ~ Massachusetts
|=> In this activity students will closely observe a variety of objects: seed and non-seeds. They will conduct experiments to test their assumptions as to which are seeds by soaking the objects and then planting them and then observing the results
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Impact of recent fire on trap nesting beesSara McDonald
This document outlines a proposed study to examine the impact of prescribed early-season fires on solitary native bees that nest aboveground in longleaf pine forests. The study would use trap nests, pitfall traps, and blue vane traps to sample bee communities at sites that were burned and unburned. Samples would be collected along transects at different distances from burn sites and analyzed to compare brood cell density, parasitism rates, and community composition between burned and unburned areas. If conducted as outlined, the study has the potential to provide empirical data on how different burn regimes impact non-target bee populations and inform fire management practices.
General structures of terrestrial communitiesErros Que
The document summarizes Christian Raunkier's system for categorizing plants based on where their renewal buds are located during unfavorable seasons. It defines six life forms - epiphytes, phanerophytes, chameophytes, hemicryptophytes, cryptophytes, and therophytes - based on whether the buds are exposed, at the surface, below surface, or within seeds. Epiphytes grow on other plants, phanerophytes have exposed buds on upright shoots, chameophytes have buds at the surface, and therophytes have buds that persist only within seeds. The document also briefly discusses autotrophs, phagotrophs, saprotrophs,
This document discusses biodiversity at multiple levels - genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that biodiversity represents the variety of life forms from unicellular to multicellular organisms across all biological levels. Species diversity is largest among small organisms like insects and fungi. The document highlights that we have only described 15% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species, showing how much biodiversity remains unknown. It also discusses the value of biodiversity through the ecosystem services it provides like nutrient cycling, soil conditioning, climate regulation, and providing natural resources for food, medicine and other uses. Maintaining biodiversity acts as an environmental insurance and ensures ecosystem resilience.
Mcas life science plants life cyles adaptations short 2012lryan61
Carl Linnaeus invented a system for classifying living things using their observable characteristics. All living things are classified into a taxonomic hierarchy consisting of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Scientists use this system to communicate consistently about different organisms. Photosynthesis allows plants to make their own food from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Food chains and webs show how energy transfers as organisms consume each other. Producers like plants harness solar energy, consumers eat other organisms to get energy, and decomposers break down waste.
This document summarizes an interdisciplinary study on controlling the invasive plant hemlock at the Pearson-Arastradero Preserve through various treatment methods. The study tested pulling hemlock plants and reseeding with native grasses and forbs but found no significant difference between the treatment plots and the control. It recommends alternative treatment methods and expanding volunteer programs to engage the community in invasive species removal and habitat restoration. The document also discusses how recognizing the connections between historical Native American cultural areas and plant distributions can inform collaborative conservation approaches.
This document summarizes competition between animal and plant species for resources. It discusses different types of biotic interactions including competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, and mutualism. Competition can occur within or between species and can limit population size and influence traits through natural selection. The competitive exclusion principle and law of limiting similarity suggest that similar species cannot coexist if competing for the same exact resources. Resource partitioning allows niche differentiation that enables coexistence. Experiments on grassland plants support the R* model, which predicts that the species with the lowest resource equilibrium level will competitively exclude others. Root biomass correlates with a lower R*, giving some plants a competitive advantage.
Roots play an essential role in plant growth by absorbing water and nutrients from soil. Microorganisms in the soil, such as bacteria and fungi, form symbiotic relationships with plant roots that are beneficial to both parties. The microbes help plants uptake nutrients and water, while the plants provide carbohydrates to the microbes. Two important examples are rhizobia bacteria that fix nitrogen for legume plants, and mycorrhizal fungi that extend the root system and help access additional soil nutrients. These symbiotic relationships between plant roots and soil microbes strengthen plants and increase crop yields.
The document discusses different types of animals throughout the world. It covers vertebrate animals like mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, as well as invertebrate animals like sponges, cnidarians, worms, molluscs, echinoderms and arthropods. For each group, it describes key characteristics like their nutrition, reproduction, physical features and habitats. The purpose is to educate about different animal classifications so students can choose one to research and describe its features.
A presentation by Dr. Ranil Senanayake, founder of the Analog Forestry design science, describing the design process and principles used in Analog Forestry.
This document summarizes various mechanisms of seed dispersal used by plants, including dispersal by animals, wind, water, and other methods. It provides examples of each type of dispersal. Animals disperse seeds by eating fruits and depositing the seeds later, some plants have seeds that cling to fur, and some animals like squirrels and jays bury seeds. Wind disperses seeds with winged or tumbling fruits. Water floats some seeds, like coconuts. Other methods include seed pods that pop open on maturity and spreading seeds. Overall, seed dispersal helps plants spread seeds far from the parent to ensure future generations.
Este documento contém as atas de 10 sessões tutoriais de um grupo de estudantes de Terapia Ocupacional discutindo seus projetos. Nas sessões, eles escolhem líderes, debatem conceitos, planejam vídeos educativos, recebem feedback do tutor e organizam um portfólio online.
Este documento trata sobre la microzonificación sísmica. La microzonificación es la representación geográfica detallada del riesgo sísmico en una zona, la cual depende de las condiciones del suelo en la región. La microzonificación es importante porque el impacto de un sismo depende no solo de su magnitud, sino también de las características del suelo, las cuales varían en distintas áreas. El objetivo del estudio es ofrecer una microzonificación sísmica completa para una zona específica con el fin de generar
Este documento ofrece consejos para superar la depresión y vivir una vida plena. Enfatiza que las personas no están deprimidas, sino distraídas de apreciar la belleza de la vida. También enfatiza los temas de abandonar el ego, ser agradecido, confiar en uno mismo, y enfocarse en el presente en lugar de preocuparse por el futuro. El mensaje general es que las personas deben concentrarse en el amor, la inocencia, y vivir de acuerdo a sus propios valores en lugar de lo que otros dicen.
El documento presenta un resumen de las líneas de investigación de la carrera de Educación General Básica, incluyendo políticas de inclusión y gestión educativa integral y metodologías pedagógicas innovadoras. Luego enumera varios problemas potenciales de investigación, asignándole una ponderación a cada uno. El autor explica que eligió investigar el bajo rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del tercer nivel de la Escuela de Educación General Básica debido a su importancia y la necesidad de indagar sus causas.
This document provides an overview of different types of home insurance policies and what they cover. It discusses dwelling coverage, which covers the home and attached structures like garages and porches. It also discusses other structures coverage for detached buildings, and personal property coverage for belongings. The document explains factors that determine rebuilding costs and keeping coverage amounts up to date. It provides details on coverage options like actual cash value versus replacement cost.
Jochen Wolf is working on an experiment using trapped calcium ions for quantum logic and error correction. His goals are to achieve single and two-qubit gate fidelities of 99.9999% and 99.7% respectively. He has designed and is building a cryogenic ion trap vacuum system to reduce motional heating. Key aspects of his work include electroplating gold traps, designing an argon ion cleaner, and solving various thermal and electrical challenges of operating at cryogenic temperatures. The experimental design is nearing completion with the electroplating and argon ion cleaning systems ready for use.
The study examined the relationship between physical activity and grade point average (GPA) among undergraduate college students. A survey was distributed to collect data on demographics, physical activity levels, athletic history, academic history, and GPA. The data was analyzed and no correlation was found between hours or days of exercise per week and GPA. While most participants had high GPAs around 3.0, the sample may have been limited due to its distribution among elite academic groups on campus whose members tend to maintain high GPAs.
Este documento resume una investigación formativa realizada por Eduardo Macías García en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador. La investigación se centra en los problemas relacionados con la mejora de la calidad de vida, incluidos los malos hábitos de los estudiantes, el embarazo a temprana edad, la falta de educación y una dieta desequilibrada. Identifica estos problemas como importantes para abordar con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de los estudiantes.
Tarea 2. Prácticas de Fundamentos de la Fisioterapia.María Vega García
Este documento presenta las etapas para completar una tarea de investigación sobre los fundamentos de la fisioterapia, que incluyen buscar documentos relevantes, seleccionar textos, encontrar los textos seleccionados y mostrar los documentos encontrados.
Este documento descreve três atividades observadas por estudantes de terapia ocupacional. A primeira foi a reposição de produtos e atendimento de clientes em um supermercado. A segunda foi uma aula de musculação adaptada para bailarinos. A terceira foi a transferência de um paciente da ambulância para as urgências de um hospital.
El documento describe la microzonificación sísmica, que es un mapa que muestra la probabilidad y severidad de sismos en una región para garantizar la seguridad de las estructuras construidas. Evaluar los niveles de amenaza sísmica y efectos locales permite implementar estrategias para atenuar desastres. Se requiere información sobre la fisiografía, litósfera, hidrósfera, geomorfología y características geológicas y geotécnicas de un área para realizar un estudio de microzonificación.
This document discusses various types of auto insurance coverage including liability coverage, personal injury protection, uninsured motorist coverage, medical payments coverage, collision coverage, and comprehensive coverage. It explains what each type of coverage protects against and things for drivers to consider when determining coverage limits and deductibles, such as their risk tolerance and financial ability to pay out of pocket expenses. The document stresses that state minimum coverage requirements may not provide adequate protection and recommends drivers evaluate their individual needs to ensure they have sufficient coverage.
Este documento presenta una clasificación general de las ramas del derecho. Divide el derecho en dos grandes categorías: derecho público y derecho privado. Dentro del derecho público se encuentran el derecho constitucional, administrativo y penal. El derecho privado incluye el derecho civil, comercial, rural e internacional privado. También proporciona enlaces a recursos adicionales sobre este tema.
Darren Bergin has over 30 years of experience in sheet metal work, quality inspection, and production management. He has worked on aircraft programs for Airbus, Bombardier, and others. His most recent roles include serving as a certifying staff for Airbus A350 parts in the UAE and quality team leader for A350 flap track fairings. He has extensive training in quality systems, safety management, and aircraft production systems.
This document provides an introduction to Anders Varner's e-book on nutrition for lifestyle performance. It discusses Varner's background as a lifelong athlete and how his goals have shifted from peak athletic performance to overall lifestyle performance and health. It outlines the overall goals of the performance lifestyle as health, simplicity, and freedom. It emphasizes the importance of setting goals and asks readers to reflect on their nutrition goals and what challenges they have faced in the past. The introduction concludes by stating the basics of nutrition will be covered before providing a plan.
El documento describe las partes principales de una laptop, tanto las externas como las internas. Las partes externas incluyen el teclado, pantalla, touchpad, cámara y botón de encendido, mientras que las internas son la memoria, unidad de disco, batería, audio y tarjeta RAM.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including levels of ecological organization (species, population, community, ecosystem, biome), ecological methods, energy flow through ecosystems, and nutrient cycles. It defines important terms like producers, consumers, trophic levels, and decomposers. Food chains and webs are described along with ecological pyramids showing the transfer of numbers and biomass up the trophic levels. The water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles are also summarized in the document.
This experiment examines the effect of different light colors - red, blue, and white - on plant growth. Plants were grown under each light condition to determine which promotes the highest growth. It is hypothesized that white light will result in the greatest growth, as it contains all wavelengths of visible light needed for photosynthesis, whereas red and blue light only provide partial spectrums.
The document discusses several ways that plants and animals have adapted to their environments. It describes how aquatic plants are less rigid than terrestrial plants and how they absorb nutrients. It also discusses the reproduction strategies of aquatic and terrestrial plants. The document then explains how terrestrial plants are more rigid and have more extensive root systems than aquatic plants to help them stand upright and find water and nutrients. It provides examples of how different types of plants reproduce. The document also discusses adaptations of leaf size and shape in response to environmental conditions like sunlight, temperature, and water availability. Overall, the document compares the key adaptations of aquatic versus terrestrial plants.
Farmers worry about declining crop yields during drought conditions. There are several alternative ways for farmers to overcome this:
1. Plant drought-tolerant crops like cacti and succulents that require less water.
2. Build reservoirs and improve irrigation systems to ensure a steady water supply for crops.
3. Construct greenhouses to better control the temperature and humidity around plants. This allows for plant growth in areas that may otherwise be unsuitable.
4. Explore new areas suitable for agriculture that have reliable access to water if the existing farmland is affected by drought.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It discusses the following:
- Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.
- Organisms can be organized into levels including species, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere.
- Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and webs. Autotrophs like plants capture energy from the sun or chemicals and heterotrophs consume other organisms or matter for energy.
- Biogeochemical cycles describe the recycling of important materials like carbon, water, and nitrogen in ecosystems.
1) Ecology is defined in multiple ways including the study of interrelationships between organisms and their environment, and the study of the structure and function of nature.
2) Ecology can be divided based on levels of organization such as species, population, community, and ecosystem ecology. It can also be divided based on habitat into areas like hydroecology and terrestrial ecology.
3) Xerophytes are plants that grow in physically or physiologically dry habitats and have adaptations like succulence, reduced leaves, sunken stomata, and extensive roots to cope with drought and salt conditions.
This document provides an overview of plants, including their characteristics, structures, and classification. It discusses seedless plants like mosses and ferns, as well as seed plants. Seed plants are divided into gymnosperms, which produce unprotected seeds without flowers, and angiosperms, which produce seeds within fruits. Key structures of seed plants mentioned include leaves, stems, roots, and vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients.
3.1 Organisms And Their Physical EnvironmentJdccSeiki
1. The document discusses abiotic factors like temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and their daily, seasonal and yearly variation in Kamloops, BC. It notes the temperature range an organism must tolerate to survive there.
2. Mountain pine beetles have increased in BC forests due to milder winters. Their populations are classified as severely infested around Kamloops.
3. A habitat is defined by abiotic characteristics which determine the community of species living there. Burrowing owls inhabit the dry interior of BC including Kamloops.
The document outlines several key concepts in ecology and conservation including:
1. Factors that affect the distribution of plant and animal species such as temperature, water, light, soil pH, breeding sites, and food supply.
2. Methods for measuring ecological concepts like biomass, primary production, trophic levels, and ecological succession.
3. The major biomes of the world and how abiotic factors like temperature and rainfall affect their distribution.
4. Reasons for biodiversity conservation using rainforests as an example, including ethical, ecological, economic, and aesthetic arguments. Accelerating extinction rates are threatening many species.
Schoolyard Habitats: How to Guide - Part 2, Gardening for Wildlife
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Describes the three food producing systems: horticulture, intensive cultivation, and pastoralism. Discusses briefly the implications of all five systems on cultural materialism.
This document discusses key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It describes different levels of ecological organization from individuals to the biosphere. It explains important ecological terms like species, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes. It also outlines abiotic and biotic factors, and how living things obtain and transfer energy through producers, consumers, and decomposers in food chains, webs, and pyramids. Finally, it discusses habitats and niches, population limiting factors, interactions like competition, predation, and symbiosis, and biogeochemical cycles like water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles.
- Soil is a complex 3D habitat that supports abundant and diverse forms of life. Soil organisms perform essential ecosystem functions.
- The living component of soil includes bacteria, fungi, protists, nematodes, arthropods and other organisms that exist in huge numbers in a small amount of soil.
- Soil organisms drive key ecosystem processes like decomposition, nutrient cycling, carbon storage, and soil structure/aggregation through production of glues and polysaccharides. Their activities create a habitat for other organisms and support life above ground.
This document defines key terms related to ecology and food webs. It explains that producers make their own food through photosynthesis, while consumers eat other organisms for food and can be herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. Food chains show how each organism obtains energy by eating producers or other consumers. Food webs show complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Energy pyramids illustrate how energy is lost at each trophic level.
Ecology is the study of relationships between organisms and their environment. It is organized into levels from smallest (organism) to largest (biosphere). Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and webs from producers to various consumer trophic levels. Matter recycles through biogeochemical cycles like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water. Populations grow according to exponential or logistic models depending on resources and limiting factors. Communities involve interactions like competition, predation, and symbiosis that structure species niches.
An ecosystem is composed of organisms and their physical environment. Within an ecosystem, there are different levels of organization from individual organisms to larger groups. A school and its grounds function similarly to an ecosystem, with students and staff as the living components, and buildings and grounds as the nonliving environment. Students are organized into larger grade levels and smaller classroom groups.
Rain Garden Curricular Sampler for Schools
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
This document discusses ecosystems, including:
1) An ecosystem is a group of living things, their physical environment, and the relationships between them. It describes biotic and abiotic factors.
2) Matter and energy flow through ecosystems via food chains and webs between producers, consumers, and decomposers across trophic levels.
3) Ecosystems are classified by location (terrestrial vs. aquatic) and biome type (tundra, forest, desert, etc.), and aquatic ecosystems are further divided by salinity and depth.
Organisms have features called adaptations that allow them to survive in their environments. Plants and animals in extreme environments like deserts and the Arctic have adaptations like water storage, insulation, and camouflage. Energy from the sun is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and transferred through food chains, getting reduced at each level. Waste from living things is returned to the environment through decay by microorganisms, recycling materials in a stable community.
The document discusses plant roots, stems, leaves, and reproduction. Roots absorb minerals and water, and store nutrients, anchoring the plant. The stem transports fluids between roots and leaves via xylem and phloem. Leaves are the main site of photosynthesis. Plants can reproduce without water through structures like bulbs and tubers that store nutrients.
1. PLANTS: BIOMES, GROWTH, AND
REPRODUCTION
2nd GRADE UNIT PLAN
http://www.squizzes.com/an-introduction-to-photosynthesis/
By: Kevin Cook
2. 2
Standards within Unit:
Math Science English
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.OA.C.4
Use addition to find the total
number of objects arranged in
rectangular arrays with up to 5
rows and up to 5 columns; write
an equation to express the total as
a sum of equal addends.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.NBT.B.6
Add up to four two-digit numbers
using strategies based on place
value and properties of
operations.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.MD.A.1
Measure the length of an object by
selecting and using appropriate
tools such as rulers, yardsticks,
meter sticks, and measuring
tapes.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.MD.A.4
Measure to determine how much
longer one object is than another,
expressing the length difference
in terms of a standard length unit.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.MD.D.9
Generate measurement data by
measuring lengths of several
objects to the nearest whole unit,
or by making repeated
measurements of the same object.
Show the measurements by
making a line plot, where the
horizontal scale is marked off in
whole-number units.
NGSS 2-LS2-1. Plan and
conduct an investigation
to determine if plants
need sunlight and water
to grow. [Assessment
Boundary: Assessment is
limited to testing one
variable at a time.]
NGSS 2-LS2-2. Develop a
simple model that
mimics the function of an
animal in dispersing
seeds or pollinating
plants.*
NGSS 2-PS1-2. Analyze
data obtained from
testing different
materials to determine
which materials have the
properties that are
best suited for an
intended purpose.*
NGSS 2-LS4-1. Make
observations of plants
and animals to compare
the diversity of life in
different habitats.
CCSS.ELA-
LITERACY.L.2.1.D
Form and use the past
tense of frequently
occurring irregular verbs
(e.g., sat, hid, told).
CCSS.ELA-
LITERACY.L.2.2
Demonstrate command of
the conventions of
standard English
capitalization,
punctuation, and spelling
when writing.
CCSS.ELA-
LITERACY.L.2.2.C
Use an apostrophe to form
contractions and
frequently occurring
possessives.
CCSS.ELA-
LITERACY.L.2.2.E
Consult reference
materials, including
beginning dictionaries, as
needed to check and
correct spellings.
CCSS.ELA-
LITERACY.L.2.3
Use knowledge of
language and its
conventions when writing,
speaking, reading, or
listening.
3. 3
Unit Overview: (260 Minutes + 3 weeks data collection)
1. Introduce students to ecosystems where plants are found (25 Minutes)
Students will explore books about different kinds of ecosystems where plants
are found.
2. Lesson 1: Plant Ecosystems (125 Minutes)
Students learn about the basic components of the 5 main types of ecosystems
(Tundra, Desert, Grassland, Forests, Marine). They then will look at what
specific types of plants they see and how they differ between ecosystems by
performing a web quest. Students then practice identifying and quantifying
plants in ecosystem images with rubrics. Finishing by creating a poster of all
the biomes.
3. Lesson 2: Plant Growth (Planting and Teaching 60 Minutes, Recorded over 3 weeks)
Students learn about the process of photosynthesis and what a plant needs to
grow. The class will then break up into groups of 3 students and each student
will be given an identical Wisconsin fast plant to grow. Each person will then
setup a different type of growing station for the plants giving them different
amounts of the same 3 nutrients (water, light, fresh air). Each student will
create a hypothesis about which conditions will result in the most growth.
The student will measure the plants each week and record their data as well
as doing several activities on the sheet at the end.
4. Lesson 4: Plant Reproduction (75 Minutes)
Students will explore the two main types of plant reproduction including
seed spreading and pollination. The students will create storybooks that
include scientific information about the animals’ role in plant reproduction
for pollination and seed spreading, while also using proper writing
techniques they have learned. They will record these new techniques in their
writer’s notebook.
Materials Needed:
Textual resources about ecosystems, plants, and biomes.
Lesson 1: Biomes
Activity 1:
Computers
Student computer contracts
Web quest worksheet (Attached)
Website: http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org
Website: http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/marine.html
Activity 2:
Biome Worksheet (Attached)
Pencil
4. 4
Activity 3:
Poster Paper
Markers
Crayons
Magazines
Scissors
Glue
Any other art supplies
Lesson 2: Plant Growth
Solo Cups
Potting Soil
Wisconsin Fast Plant seeds (4 seeds per person)
o Order from: http://www.fastplants.org/order
Water
Measuring Cup
1 big box for each group
Permanent Markers
Rulers
Observation Packet (attached at the end)
YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM
Lesson 3: Plant Reproduction
Blank soft cover books
o Order from: http://www.mpmschoolsupplies.com/
Dictionaries
Pencils
Colored pencils
Crayons
Markers
Writing Journals
Rubric for grading (Attached)
YouTube videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xY4JFOSuqvY and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQiszdkOwuU
5. 5
SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND
Biome
An ecosystem is defined as the relationship between living organisms and their non-
living environment. These interactions are seen everywhere in nature. The following are
the 5 main biomes students in second grade need to focus on: Tundra, Grassland, Marine,
Desert, and Forest. Each of these is elaborated upon in the following paragraphs.
Tundra: This biome is a relatively open land where tree growth is hindered by the
low temperatures and very short growing seasons. This makes much of the plant life exist
in grass from because it grows very close to the ground and can grow in a very short
amount of time. An example of this biome is Antarctica, where there is little vegetation
growth on the landscape. Herbivorous animals must then search for areas where grass has
began to grow in order to find food amongst the other shrubbery.
http://w w w .ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/tundra.html.
Grassland: This biome is another open area setting where the plant life is mainly
composed of grasses and shrubbery. These areas consist of large rolling plains where
rainfall accumulates to a level high enough to support growth and life of grass, shrubs, and
in some locations a few trees. However, there is not enough rainfall annually to support the
growth of forests. An example of this biome is the North American Midwest prairies.
Animals found in these areas are usually grazing species such as buffalo.
6. 6
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/grasslands.htm
Marine: This aquatic biome covers about 3/4ths of the earth and is composed of
coral reefs, estuaries, and oceans. The plant life that is mainly found in this biome is marine
algae, which supplies most of the world’s oxygen. All ocean organisms make up these
environments as well including fish, crustaceans, coral, and many, many more! One of the
most popular examples of this biome is found in Australia in the Great Barrier Reef. This is
the biggest reef in the ocean!
http://sailawayportdouglas.com/touristinfo/aboutgbr/
Desert: This is the hottest biome on the planet. Organisms that have adapted to
survive in this environment endure scorching heat in the daytime and extreme low
temperatures at night. A very common misconception however, is that all deserts are hot
and this is not true. There are some cold deserts as well! The Mojave Desert is a great
example of a hot desert. Hot deserts get very little rainfall and therefore have very
scattered plant life. Cold deserts get frequent rainfall and plants can grow more easily. A
common plant species in both deserts is the cactus. These plants can sustain live in very
extreme temperatures with low water for long periods of time. Animals in Deserts include
owls, snakes, lizards, and other various adapted organisms.
www.thinglink.com
Forest: This is the biome that Michigan falls into, so if I am teaching this lesson
living in Michigan, I will use it as our field experience. This biome experiences multiple
7. 7
seasons with sustainable temperatures for plant life during the spring, summer, and fall.
The winter is the non-growing season period as well as the end of fall. The plant life found
here includes shrubs, grasses, and an abundance of trees. In tropical forests rainfall can be
very high and the plant life will be more tree focused due to warmer temperatures and a
high amount of shade covering the ground from the canopy. In the upper United States,
forest is mainly composed of coniferous trees and temperatures are steadier. Animal life in
these areas varies greatly depending on the location.
www.thinglink.com
Plant Growth
Plant growth occurs when a process called photosynthesis occurs. During this
process plants take in CO2+Water+Sunlight and produce Oxygen+Glucose (CO2 + H20 in
the presence of sunlight O2 + C6H12O6). The glucose produced by the plant as a product
of photosynthesis is used for energy in order for the adolescent plant to grow and
reproduce. Without sunlight, water, or Carbon Dioxide, plants cannot produce glucose
sugar and therefor, cannot grow. Fertilizer can be used in agricultural planting to deliver
more nutrients to the plant through the root system.
Plants absorb sunlight through their leafs in a specified cell called chloroplasts,
while water and other nutrients are taken in through the roots. Plants also, produce the
oxygen we breathe. Without plants, there would not be any oxygen left on earth and life
could not continue.
As plants are growing they produce more support cells to allow them to grow tall in
order for them to have a better chance of reproduction. Some plants like trees grow
extremely tall while others like grass stay very short.
8. 8
www.wisegeek.com
Plant Reproduction
Plants reproduce in two ways: seed dispersion and pollination. Plants such as trees
use seed dispersion in order to reproduce. Some plants produce sweet fruits that animals
eat. Then when the animal expels the waste product from their body, they spread the seeds
in a new location on the ground in a perfect pile of fertilizer that allow these new plants to
begin to grow. An example of seed dispersion you can see in Michigan is the whirly-birds
from maple trees. These winged seeds flutter down to the ground and are dispersed by the
wind allowing them to cover a great distance and new trees to grow. Other plants that have
flowers reproduce through pollination. The male reproductive part of a flower is called the
anther. Bees and other insects are attracted to flowers because of their bright colors and
sweet smelling nectar. When they land on the flower, pollen sticks to the insect’s legs or
back. Then when the bee takes off and lands on another flower, the pollen sticks to the
stigma or female reproductive part of the new flower and the pollen flows down into the
ovaries allowing the plans to reproduce.
9. 9
UNIT INTRODUCTION
http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=quiz-ecosystems
Time Needed: 15-30 Minutes (Depending on class attention span)
Materials Needed: Science books (Children’s books, textbooks, magazines, journals..etc.)
Procedure: Students will begin by having a period of individual exploration time to dig
through and investigate ecosystems, biomes, and plants. During this time they will be asked
to make observations about what they see and read and take some very simple notes or put
sticky notes on pages they feel are important or relevant to the lesson. They will then share
these findings in small groups and compile a list of questions they want to have answered
though the course of the unit. The teacher will then write these questions down and post
them on the “Science Investigation” wall and when one of them is answered the students
will write the answer and stick it underneath the question to track their progress and
learning.
10. 10
Biomes Lesson
Standards:
NGSS 2-LS4-1. Make observations of plants and animals to compare the diversity of
life in different habitats.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.OA.C.4
Use addition to find the total number of objects arranged in rectangular arrays with
up to 5 rows and up to 5 columns; write an equation to express the total as a sum of
equal addends.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.NBT.B.6
Add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and
properties of operations.
Alignment Table:
Objective Assessment Learning Activity
1. TLW compare each of the
5 main biomes.
1. Observe computer work.
2. Check exploration
handout for accuracy.
Students will do a web quest
and explore the various
biomes, plant life,
temperatures, and animals
that live there.
2. TLW identify the total
number of a plant type in a
grid for a given biome.
1. Observe individual work
time.
2. Check quantities for
accuracy.
Students will be given a
picture of a biome on grid
paper and be assigned to
total up the number of
represented plants.
3. TLW create a poster
showing the characteristics
of each biome as sections of
1. Observe work time for
productivity.
2. Check posters for
Students will be given a
sheet of poster paper and be
instructed to create a poster
11. 11
the poster. represented biomes and
accurate interpretations.
representing all 5 biomes
that were explored during
the lesson.
Time Needed: 140 Minutes
Materials:
Activity 1:
Computers
Student computer contracts
Web quest worksheet (Attached)
Website: http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org
Website: http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/marine.html
Activity 2:
Species Abundance Worksheet (Attached)
Pencil
Activity 3:
Poster Paper
Markers
Crayons
Magazines
Scissors
Glue
Any other art supplies
Procedure:
Activity 1: 60 Minutes
The teacher will take the students to the computer lab, making sure to review the
rules of the lab, what they are allowed to do on the computer and have them sign
their computer compliance forms to hold them accountable. Then instruct them to
go to http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org. Once they have reached this website they
will raise their hand and the teacher will walk around and make sure they have
found the correct page.
Once the student has been checked off they will begin their Web Quest packet.
o Assessment: Observe computer work.
As the students work through their packet the teacher will move around to help
students stay on take and navigate to through the website to find their answers.
Once the students have finished their packets or reached the time limit, they will
shut down their computers properly and return to class.
Students who finished their packets will put them in the homework bin and those
that did not will be assigned the packet for homework. (Make an option for them to
work on it during recess if they do not have a computer or want homework.)
12. 12
o Assessment: Check exploration handout for accuracy.
Activity 2: 35 Minutes
Now that the class has been introduced to biomes, the teacher will integrate math
and science by talking about species abundance. This is the overall amount of units
of a certain species in a given area.
The teacher will discuss this idea with the class before giving the grid handout.
The teacher must also introduce the topic of grid counting and recording data. The
teacher will then pass out the grid handout that is attached and have each student
complete the worksheet.
o Assessment: Observe individual work time.
Students will then share their results with group members around them and any
different answers will be looked at by the class to draw out any final
misunderstandings.
o Assessment: Check quantities for accuracy.
Activity 3: 45 Minutes
To complete the lesson, students will be given a large sheet of poster paper.
They will then be instructed by the teacher to create 5 sections on the page. It can be
5 slices of a pie chart, 5 boxes, 5 circles, anything! It just must be large enough to
cover most of the page and so that students can draw and label in them.
They then will be instructed to use any art supplies around the room and create a
poster representing all 5 biomes that were covered in this lesson.
They must include labels of the biomes and at least 3 labeled characteristics of each
biome describing it. It can be organisms, climate, or anything that distinguishes that
biome from the others.
Students will then be given individual work time to make their posters.
o Assessment: Observe work time for productivity.
Once they are finished, they will share their posters in their table group.
Anyone who feels like someone in their group had a great poster can volunteer them
to share their artwork if they are comfortable.
o Assessment: Check posters for represented biomes and accurate
interpretations (Remembering these were hand drawn).
13. 13
Plant Growth Lesson
Standards:
NGSS 2-LS2-1. Plan and conduct an investigation to determine if plants need
sunlight and water to grow. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to testing
one variable at a time.]
NGSS 2-PS1-2. Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine
which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose.*
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.MD.A.1
Measure the length of an object by selecting and using appropriate tools such as
rulers, yardsticks, meter sticks, and measuring tapes.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.MD.D.9
Generate measurement data by measuring lengths of several objects to the nearest
whole unit, or by making repeated measurements of the same object. Show the
measurements by making a line plot, where the horizontal scale is marked off in
whole-number units.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.MD.A.4
Measure to determine how much longer one object is than another, expressing the
length difference in terms of a standard length unit.
Alignment Table:
Objective Assessment Learning Activity
1. TLW perform an
experiment to track plant
growth in certain conditions.
1. Observe students working
on the experiment process.
2. The students properly
follow instructions to run
the experiment.
Students will perform an
experiment with given
restrictions with Wisconsin
fast plants to track the
growth of plants in their
groups.
14. 14
2. TLW develop a proper
hypothesis about the plant
they think will grow the
most.
1. Check for a properly
stated hypothesis.
Students will develop a
hypothesis about which
method of nutrient
reception will lead to the
most growth.
3. TLW use proper materials
to measure the growth of
their plant and record in the
correct units.
1. Check the student’s
material selection.
2. Check students
measurement recording for
proper units.
Students will measure their
plants each week and record
it to track growth.
4. TLW record repeated
measurements of the same
plant over the given length
of time.
1. Students measure their
own plants each week.
2. Check their data sheet at
the end to make sure all data
was collected and was given
proper units.
Students will measure their
plants each week to track
the growth over the course
of the experiment and
record their data on a data
sheet.
5. TLW compare the heights
of all their groups plants and
place them in order from
shortest to tallest based on
length.
1. Observe group work.
2. Check their worksheets
for proper ordering of
measurements.
At the end of the experiment
students will fill out the rest
of their data sheets ordering
the plants from shortest to
tallest with measurements
labeled.
Time Needed: Planting class: 60 Minutes, 3 weeks of observation and 2x weekly
measurements.
Materials:
Solo Cups
Potting Soil
Wisconsin Fast Plant seeds (4 seeds per person)
o Order from: http://www.fastplants.org/order
Water
Measuring Cup
1 big box for each group
Permanent Markers
Rulers
Observation Packet (attached at the end)
YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM
Procedure:
Activity 1: (30 Minutes)
15. 15
The teacher will begin by introducing plant growth through the process of
photosynthesis. The teacher will show a short clip of plants growing and ask the
students what they saw. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM )
The teacher will then put a picture on the overhead projector of the process of
photosynthesis and explain each step of the process, as well as how it leads to plant
growth.
The teacher WILL NOT reveal that without one piece of the photosynthesis equation
plants struggle to grow. The students will discover this through their experiment.
The teacher will then review the process of developing a hypothesis, making sure to
give examples and have students practice.
o Assessment: Check for a properly stated hypothesis.
Activity 2: (30 Minutes)
The students will be broken up into groups on 3.
The teacher will walk the students through properly planting their seeds, so that
this is not a variable in why a plant may or may not grow.
The teacher will then assign each student to a set of conditions that they will follow
for their plant growth process.
o One student gives their plant water each week and puts in in the light the
entire time.
o One student gives their plant water each week, but puts it underneath a box
with a small hole in it so it gets limited light.
o One student will place their plant in normal light, but will only give it ¼ of
the water that the other two students give their plants.
Once each student is assigned their restriction they will develop a hypothesis of
which plant they think will grow the tallest as well as where their plant’s growth
will fall in the group. This will be recorded in their experiment packet.
Each student will write their name on their solo cup and also write what their
conditions are on the cup so they do not forget.
The students will then give their plants the correct amount of water and place them
in their assigned amount of sunlight, making sure to keep them near their group
members.
Activity 3: (3 weeks)
2x each week the students will get out their ruler and measure the height of their
plant, gently straightening it so that the actual length of the stem is measured.
o Assessment: Check the student’s material selection.
o Assessment: Check students measurement recording for proper units.
o Assessment: Students measure their own plants each week.
The students will fill out their data sheet 2x each week as well recording the growth
of their plants.
At the end of 3 weeks the student will compare the growth of their group’s plants
and will order them from shortest to tallest and record this on their data sheet,
making sure to record their measurements of all 3 plants.
16. 16
o Assessment: Check their data sheet at the end to make sure all data was
collected and was given proper units.
Students will also review their hypothesis and determine if it was upheld or
disproven and giving a simple reason why.
The final part of this project is students making a line graph of their growing data
for their own plant. These will then be hung up on the Wall of Scientific Inquiry in
their groups so other teachers and parents can admire their work.
o Assessment: Observe group work.
o Assessment: Check their worksheets for proper ordering of measurements.
17. 17
Plant Reproduction Lesson
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/oer08.sci.life.stru.flowers/the-reproductive-role-of-flowers/
Standards:
NGSS 2-LS2-2. Develop a simple model that mimics the function of an animal in
dispersing seeds or pollinating plants.*
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.1.D
Form and use the past tense of frequently occurring irregular verbs (e.g., sat, hid,
told).
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2
Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English capitalization,
punctuation, and spelling when writing.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2.C
Use an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2.E
Consult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, as needed to check
and correct spellings.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3
Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or
listening.
18. 18
Alignment Table:
Objective Assessment Learning Activity
1. TLW represent the role of
animals in plant
reproduction through
writing and illustration.
1. Review storybook for
scientific accuracy of
animal’s role. (Part of
Rubric)
Students will create
personal books with a story
about animals and plant
reproduction including
illustrations.
2. Demonstrate proper
writing skills through their
story writing.
1. Review the student’s
writing for proper grammar,
punctuation, and other
literacy tools learned in
class.
Students will practice
writing techniques by
creating personal books
with a story about animals
and plant reproduction
including illustrations.
3. TLW add their new
writing techniques to their
writing notebook.
1. Check for completion Students will add their new
writing skills to their writing
notebooks for future
reference.
4. TLW share their
storybooks with their
parents at conferences to
display work from class.
1. Students read in front of
you or have them take it
home and the parent sign off
that they read it to them for
completion.
Students will share the book
with their parents at
conferences. If the parent
cannot come to conferences
they will share at home.
Time Needed: 75 Minutes
Materials:
Blank soft cover books
o Order from: http://www.mpmschoolsupplies.com/
Dictionaries
Pencils
Colored pencils
Crayons
Markers
Writing Journals
Rubric for grading (Attached)
Procedure:
The teacher will introduce the topic of plant reproduction by showing the anatomy
of a plant and talking the students through each part.
19. 19
They then will talk about what is required for a plant to become fertilized so it can
produce seeds.
Students will then watch the YouTube video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQiszdkOwuU so they can see pollination in
real life.
o TEACHER TIP: Be sure to discuss what is going on during the film since there
are no words describing. Pause when needed to answer questions or add
deeper instruction.
The teacher will then ask if the students know of another way plants, like trees, that
don’t have flowers reproduce.
The teacher will introduce the concept of seed spreading through the air and animal
consumption.
The teacher will then show the video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xY4JFOSuqvY
This is a great-simplified teaching video for the students to watch to solidify
learning.
Once the videos and lecture have been completed and all questions have been
answered the teacher will excite the students that each of them is going to get to
write a book today!
The teacher will hand out the blank books and instruct the students to write a story
from an animals perspective that is pollinating flowers or dispersing seeds (staying
school appropriate).
They will then be given work time to write these books making sure to use the new
language arts tools they have learned in the English section of their day that were
recorded in their writer’s notebooks.
Students will also illustrate their books to give a visual aspect to the novel.
The students will keep these books to share with their parents and teacher at
conferences to display their hard work.
o Assessments: Review storybook for scientific accuracy of animal’s role. (Part of
Rubric), Review the student’s writing for proper grammar, punctuation, and
other literacy tools learned in class, Students read in front of you or have them
take it home and the parent sign off that they read it to them for completion,
Check for completion.
20. 20
HANDOUTS
LESSON 1:
Web Quest Handout: Below
Species abundance grid worksheet: Below
LESSON 2:
Fast Plants Packet
o Print out fast plants information:
http://www.fastplants.org/pdf/growing_instructions.pdf
o Personal Data Sheet: Below
LESSON 3:
Rubric Below
21. 21
Name:___________________ Date:____________________
WEB QUEST
INSTRUCTIONS: Boot up your computer and log in with your school ID and password.
Once the page is loaded up, open Google Chrome and type this exact address in the
navigation bar - http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm . Once here click on
the text below the map to explore the 5 biomes we have covered in class (Tundra, Forest,
Desert, Marine, and Grassland). Answer the questions below in as much detail as possible.
Tundra:
Where does the name “Tundra” come from?
What is the ground like?
About how much precipitation do they get each year?
How many species of animals live there?
Grassland:
What are the two types of grasslands?
1.
2.
How low do the temperatures get in the winter? How high in the summer?
What are three common types of plant life found here?
1.
2.
3.
Forest: (Explore both Deciduous and Rainforest)
How much rain does a deciduous forest get per year?
What are the 5 zones?
22. 22
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What do the plants lean towards?
How much rain does the rainforest get each year?
What are epiphytes? (Maybe click on the underlined word on the webpage…I’m not sure)
What are the four layers of rainforest?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Desert:
What are the temperatures of a hot dry desert?
What about a cold desert?
How much rainfall does a hot desert get? Cold desert?
What does “nocturnal” mean?
Marine: go to this website for this biome: http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/marine.html
How much of the earth is marine biome?
What are the three ocean zones?
1.
23. 23
2.
3.
How do the plants in marine biomes produce oxygen?
What is the biggest animal on earth?
How much does it weight? How long is it?
From all the biomes which one was your favorite?
Why?
Draw me an animal or plant from this biome. (Do not forget to label it)
24. 24
Name:___________________ Date:____________________
SPECIES ABUNDANCE
Instructions: You are a park ranger in Michigan and you have come across a never before
seen grassland biome filled with sunflowers. No one has ever seen this many sunflowers
before! In order for you to get credit and this great sunflower field named after you, you
must count up all the sunflowers. However, counting them one by one is very hard and will
take you all day, you have to find a faster way! So you lay out a grid and decide you will
count up the total number of sunflowers in each box and record it and then add them all up
at the end! Great Plan!
Count up the amount of sunflower dots in each grid square and record it in the data sheet
on the next page. Then add them all up to get the total sunflowers on the page.
26. 26
Name:___________________ Date:____________________
DATA COLLECTION
My hypothesis is: _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
My plant’sgrowing conditionsare: _________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Data Table:
DATE: Height (Include Units!)
Order of Plant Heights (IncludeMeasurements):
1._____________________________ 2.__________________________ 3.___________________________
My conclusion is:_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
27. 27
Lesson 3 Rubric
Proficient (4-5) Almost There (2-
3)
Developing (0-1)
Reproduction
Details
Describes the role of
animals in a form of
plant reproduction
and uses clear detail.
Discusses but uses
little detail.
Missing parts, does not
display understanding.
Descriptive
Details
Describes at least 4
specific details that
invoke the senses.
Describes at least 2
specific details that
invoke the senses.
Describes 1 or no specific
details that invoke the
senses.
Sequence of
Events
The narrative has a
clear and logical
progression of events.
The narrative has a
general sequence of
events but it may
not be logical or
easy to follow.
There is no logical
sequence of events that
helps the reader progress
through the story.
Quality and
Neatness
The writing is legible
and neat. There is less
than 5 grammar and
syntax errors.
The writing is
legible but not neat.
There is less than 7
grammar and
syntax errors.
The writing cannot be
read easily or completely.
There is more than 7
grammar and syntax
errors.
Writing Tools
Use
The writer includes
the new writing tools
they have learned
correctly in their
writing.
The writer includes
new writing tools
and all but 1 are
used correctly.
The writer incorrectly
uses multiple writing
tools or leaves them out
completely.
Sharing With
Parents
Shares with parents at
conferences or signed
off at home.
Does not share or
complete.
28. 28
Sources
"Alison Stein." - Artist. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 June 2016.
DCI Arrangements of the Next Generation Science Standards. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web.
"English Language Arts Standards » Language » Grade 2." | Common Core State Standards
Initiative. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 June 2016.
"Grasslands Biome." Grasslands Biome. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 June 2016.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM
"KDE Santa Barbara." KDE Santa Barbara. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 June 2016.
"Online Teacher Supply Store – Fast Shipping on 25,000+ Items." MPM School Supplies.
N.p., n.d. Web. 21 June 2016.
"Random Sampling." Random Sampling. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 June 2016.
"The Tundra Biome." The Tundra Biome. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 June 2016.
"Wisconsin Fast Plants® Program." Wisconsin Fast Plants® Program. N.p., n.d. Web. 21
June 2016.