Unit one, week 5
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This document discusses four authors - Anna Julia Haywood Cooper, Charles Waddell Chesnutt, and Joel Chandler Harris - who wrote during the post-Civil War realist period in the United States. Cooper was the fourth African American woman to earn a doctorate and focused on social justice and women's rights. Chesnutt's work, like The Conjure Woman, used the frame tale structure and served as both folk tales and social commentary on post-Civil War black experiences. Harris is most known for his Uncle Remus stories, though his work received criticism for its portrayal of the master-slave relationship. These authors incorporated themes of race and regional tensions through the realist tradition to demonstrate the struggles of the post
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African American Writers of the Harlem Renaissance
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Similar to Unit one, week 5
Mc kay, hurston
Claude McKay was a prominent Harlem Renaissance writer known for his poetry and novels published in the 1920s-1930s. His novel Home to Harlem (1928) was widely popular but also controversial, praised by white critics for its depictions of Harlem life but condemned by some black leaders for focusing too much on sexuality and "vice." Zora Neale Hurston was also a pivotal Harlem Renaissance figure, collecting folklore and publishing works like Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) which celebrated black culture but was criticized by some for avoiding issues of racism. Both McKay and Hurston pushed boundaries in their portrayals of African Americans but faced criticism from some in the black community.
Nathan Irvin Huggins
Nathan Irvin Huggins was a historian born in 1927 who made significant contributions through his literary works and teaching focusing on illuminating important areas of Black American history. His most famous work, "Harlem Renaissance", examines the cultural movement of the 1920s and 1930s centered in Harlem that was a flowering of African American art and literature. Huggins saw the Harlem Renaissance as having a profound impact on both Black Americans and American culture as a whole by highlighting the contributions of African Americans and the emergence of jazz music.
Facts, Fiction, and Freedom
The document discusses the contributions of several authors to the civil rights movements through their fictional and autobiographical works depicting slavery and the struggle for freedom. Popular works included Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, and novels by Richard Wright, Ernest Gaines, Margaret Walker, and Toni Morrison. These authors conveyed the harsh realities of slavery and aimed to increase understanding of the African American experience and promote the cause of civil rights.
Litrature+Of+Slavery+And+Freedom
The document provides an overview of literature related to slavery and freedom in the United States. It discusses early slave narratives written by former slaves like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs that described the inhumane conditions of slavery. These narratives were an important form of resistance that challenged pro-slavery ideologies and influenced the abolitionist movement. The document also examines how early African American writers used Christian themes to connect the ideals of the Declaration of Independence with the fight for racial equality and an end to the hypocrisy of slavery.
CommentaryMotivated by politics, a group of African-American au.docx
Commentary:
Motivated by politics, a group of African-American authors became known as the
Black Arts Movement
. Preeminent in this movement was the poet Imamu Amiri Baraka. The movement stemmed from the strife following the assassination of Malcom X in 1965, and then the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968. Those involved in the changes spreading across America, known as Black Nationalism or the
Black Power Movement
, broke into two primary branches--Revolutionary Nationalists, which included such groups as the Black Panther Party, and Cultural Nationalists, which includes the Black Arts Movement.
The expression of the Black Power Movement was evident in several ways: changes in clothing styles (dashikis, for example) adopted among several black groups, more vocal involvement in politics, and more outspoken tones in and topics of writing, speeches, and the plastic arts (sculpture and painting).
Though the Black Arts Movement began in Harlem, it quickly spread to many cities around the country. Numerous African-American magazines, publishing houses, and journals flourished during this time, such as
Negro Digest, Black World
, Third World Press,
The Black Scholar
, and Lotus Press, among others. Poetry was the predominant form of writing within this movement, but not exclusively--short stories, drama, essay, plays, and music were also key to the content of this era.
The Black Arts Movement was not without controversy. The content of its works is often cited as homophobic, exclusive, misogynistic, and anti-Semitic in favor of black identity.
The Black Arts Movement’s influence began to fade as the result of an unlikely source--success. As members such as James Baldwin, Maya Angelou, and Nikki Giovanni, among others, became popular and even wealthy as the result of the works they also became mainstream, which was an unforeseen consequence counter to the basis of the movement itself.
Recovering the History of African Americans
Attempts to recover and recognize the history of African Americans was part of the Black Power Movement. This is seen in African Americans who changed their birth names to African names. Born as Leroi Jones, Amiri Baraka, for example, changed his name in 1964. Stokely Carmichael became Kwame Ture. In Alice Walker's short story "Everyday Use," Dee returns home with the name Wangero.
Attitudes and actions that before the 1960s might have been kept private became more overt, which is evident in the essays defining the Black Arts Movement. Richard Wright's comments about African-American writers in his 1937 essay "Blueprint for Negro Writing" were no longer true. In that essay, Wright discussed black writers who "dressed in the knee-pants of servility" as they went "abegging to white America" for approval. He notes, "Negro writing was something external to the lives of educated Negroes themselves."
Instead, the arts in the 1960s were more aligned with what Du Bois wrote in 1926, when he call.
Barin 1 Race & Gender In the late 19th Century.docx
Barin 1
Race & Gender
In the late 19th Century and the 20th Century, there were serious social issues and civil
rights concerns that revolved around racial and gender delimitations which led to the rise of a
number of abolitionist movements who either championed for racial equality, women’s rights,
or even both. Racism was the main theme of W.E.B. Du Bois’ works in which he was a strong
opponent of lynching, discriminatory policies, and Jim Crow laws which hindered African
American freedom, work and education. Du Bois recorded some of his protests on this topic
in his collection of essays titled “The Souls of Black Folk” in which he premises that the
“problem of the 20th Century is the problem of the color-line”. (Du Bois 1-2) The author’s
arguments were a major stepping stone for African Americans in their fight against the
inequalities of separate but equal doctrines in social and political life.
Just as Du Bois’ literature served as inspiration to the civil rights movements by the
African American community, Kate Chopin’s works were viewed as integral promoter for the
feminist cause and women’s rights in 20th Century America. Chopin’s work selected for this
assignment, “The Story of an Hour”, portrayed the realities plight of women’s freedom and
rights in American society. In her story, she uses imagery through the eyes of a married
couple which demonstrates the unlimited choices in the lives of women in America. She
dictated in her story “Free! Body and soul free! ...” (Chopin 10), words that challenged the
society’s predisposed notions of roles of women in the 19th and 20th Century. Whilst she did
not view herself as an activist for women’s rights, the society in general viewed her as a key
figure leading the women’s rights campaigns because of the impact and influence her works
had towards the movement.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Wendy Lym @ 2019-10-11T10:16:21-07:00
Topic #4, Race and Gender
The second half of the 19th century was impacted by movements to increase the rights of African Americans and women. Examine 2 works, one by Washington or Dubois and one by Chopin or Gilman; explain how each addresses the quest for equal rights. Identify similarities and differences between the two movements. Compare how and why each writer uses a different literary form (biography, essay, novel, short story) to develop idea.
Wendy Lym @ 2019-10-11T10:17:41-07:00
discrimination?
Wendy Lym @ 2019-10-11T10:18:12-07:00
abolition refers to abolishing slavery
the suffragette movement had to do with women's right to vote
Wendy Lym @ 2019-10-11T10:18:37-07:00
use the actual page number from your book
Wendy Lym @ 2019-10-11T10:19:10-07:00
actually a bit later--she was heavily critiqued at the time of her writings
Wendy Lym @ 2019-10-11T10:20:09-07:00
this story does not qualify for the essay. The assignment explicitly states that you must use only texts that we work on as a class. The story was not assig ...
Valentines Day Black History (14)
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Critical Race Theory, Reviewing the Books, the 1619 Project, and Beloved
Critical Race Theory, Reviewing the Books, the 1619 Project, and BelovedReflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History
Both concerned parents and activists who have no children have been flooding school board meetings across the country yelling and threatening each other over critical race theory.
The question is, should we be teaching our children American History starting with our Founding Fathers and the American Revolution when we won our liberty from the British in 1776, or should we teach our children that our country was originally built on the unpaid labor and bones of slaves since the first slaves were shipped over in 1619 with the first colonists?
Many historians view the 1830’s when the abolitionist movement was born in America, not 1619, and not 1776, as the key period in American history that truly started the long drive towards civil rights for blacks, starting with the abolition of slavery, then the emancipation of slaves at the end of the Civil War, and the granting and restoration of civil rights in America.
We will also discuss:
• The slave autobiography of Frederick Douglass.
• The stories about the murder and lynching of blacks in the book, The 1619 Project.
• The first lynching documented by the brave black journalist, Ida B Wells.
The YouTube video, after 12/17/2021: https://youtu.be/JRdnB0lqN5o
Please support our channel, if you wish to purchase these Amazon books we receive a small affiliate commission:
The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story, by Nikole Hannah-Jones, The New York Times Magazine
https://amzn.to/3H1XqmY
Beloved, by Toni Morrison
https://amzn.to/31tFe5d
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Charles Wardell Chesnutt.pptx
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Unit one, week 5
- 1. Farewell Realism:Cooper, Chesnutt, and Harris Unit One, Week Five
- 2. Anna Julia HaywoodCooper Cooper was born in 1858 in North Carolina to a slave. She was selected to become trained as a teacher for former slave at nine years old She is the 4th African American woman to earn a doctorate. Cooper’s interests were social justice and the rights of women, especially African American women
- 3. Cooper… Cooper was especially concerned with the “race problem” and although she agreed that there was racism, she was quoted as saying "The cause of freedom is not the cause of a race or a sect, a party or a class - it is the cause of humankind, the very birthright of humanity." Creative Commons, Google Images
- 4. Charles Waddell Chesnutt Chesnutt was said to be 7/8 white but due to the “one drop rule” was classified as African American He was born to two “free persons of color” in 1858, just as the tension of the Civil War were about to get started Creative Commons, Google Images
- 5. Chesnutt… The Conjure Woman which was published in 1899 was a literary success and is the collection from which our excerpt was taken After the Civil War there was a lot of interest in Black “Folk” tales Although Chesnutt’s work certainly can be qualified as a “folk” tale, it is also a social commentary on the state of the African American population AFTER the Civil War
- 6. Chesnutt… Chesnutt’s uses the frame tale structure that we saw in some of Twain’s story. The dual narrators serve an important purpose Unlike Twain, Chesnutt moved away from writing in dialect in his later writings because he was concerned it allowed white people to laugh at the black characters.
- 7. Joel Chandler Harris Unlike our other authors for this week, Harris was a poor, young Irish American man of illegitimate birth growing up in Georgia Born in 1845, his exposure to plantation life came from serving an apprenticeship on a plantation Creative Commons, Google Images
- 8. Harris… Harris is most famous for his Uncle Remus stories (one of our excerpts) and if you have ever been to Disney World and visited Splash Mountain, the theme is based on the Uncle Remus tales that Disney adapted Songs of the South Disney’s version of Harris’ work is no longer sold in the United States because of its positive spin on the Master/Slave relationship Harris received a lot of critique for his writing, especially his use of dialect, but a closer examination of his work demonstrates the race struggles and the trouble of reconstruction facing the South after the Civil War Creative Commons, Google Images
- 9. How this fits with Realism: The issue of race impacted all the writers during the realist tradition. I feel that the realist tradition can still be seen today in ethnic memoir and modern ethnic/racial novels (authors such as Jamaica Kinkaid, Alice Walker, and more have used the technique of dialect in their writing) These authors had a responsibility of demonstrating the racial tensions in the South and do so using the realist tradition in an effort to gain readership and, by extension, understanding of what was happening in the Southern United States