UNIT 7_The Groundwater System_Kathmandu University_DrSuman2022.pptx
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This document provides an overview of groundwater systems and hydrogeology. It defines key terms like porosity, permeability, hydraulic gradient, hydraulic conductivity, and Darcy's Law. It describes the different types of aquifers including unconfined and confined aquifers. The global and basin-scale hydrologic cycles are shown and how groundwater interacts with surface water. Methods for investigating groundwater systems are discussed, including field measurements and modeling. Groundwater occurrence and various means of natural and artificial recharge are also covered.
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WRE: UNIT–I:
Surface Water Hydrology: Water Resources in India, Hydrology in water Resources Planning –Precipitation – Types,
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36002 Topic: SCI 207 Our Dependence upon the Environment
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 3
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Undergraduate
Category: Environmental Issues
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Week 1 - Assignment 1
Stream Morphology Laboratory
[WLO: 1] [CLOs: 1, 3, 5]
This lab enables you to construct a physical scale model of a stream system to help you understand how streams and rivers shape the landscape, and how human actions can affect river ecosystems. This lab is done with materials that you will need to supply; the list of items you will need to obtain is in the Stream Morphology Investigation ManualPreview the document.
The Process:
Take the required photos and complete all parts of the assignment (calculations, data tables, etc.). On the “Lab Worksheet,” answer all of the questions in the “Lab Questions” section. Finally, transfer all of your answers and visual elements from the “Lab Worksheet” into the “Lab Report.” You will submit both the “Lab Report” and the “Lab Worksheet” to Waypoint.
The Assignment:
Make sure to complete all of the following items before submission:
Before you begin the assignment, read the Stream Morphology Investigation ManualPreview the document and review The Scientific Method presentation video.
Complete Activity 1 and Activity 2 using the materials that you supply. Photograph each activity following these instructions:
When taking lab photos, you need to include in each image a strip of paper with your name and the date clearly written on it.
Complete all parts of the Week 1 Lab WorksheetPreview the document and answer all of the questions in the “Lab Questions” section.
Transfer your responses to the lab questions and the data tables and your photos from the “Lab Worksheet” into the Lab Report TemplatePreview the document.
Submit your completed “Lab Report” and “Lab Worksheet” through Waypoint.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Stream Morphology
Investigation Manual
STREAM MORPHOLOGY
Table of Contents
2 Overview 2 Outcomes
2 Time Requirements
3 Background
9 Materials
10 Safety
10 Preparation 10 Activity 1
12 Activity 2
13 Submission
13 Disposal and Cleanup
14 Lab Worksheet
18 Lab Questions
Overview
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River flood modelling with mike 11 case of nzoia river (budalangi) in kenya
This document presents a study that uses the one-dimensional MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model to simulate flooding in the lower Nzoia River basin in Kenya. The study area focuses on the Budalangi floodplains. The objectives are to implement the MIKE 11 model for this river reach and investigate the 2008 Budalangi floods. The model is set up using surveyed river cross-section data and boundary conditions. Two scenarios are modeled - an intact dyke case and a breached dyke case. The results show that the 2008 flooding was mainly caused by dyke breach. The optimal computational time step and spatial step for model stability are found to be 1 minute and 500m, respectively.
The Effect of Geometry Parameters and Flow Characteristics on Erosion and Sed...
One of the most critical problems in the river
engineering field is scouring, sedimentation and morphology
of a river bed. In this paper, a finite volume method
FORTRAN code is provided and used. The code is able to
model the sedimentation. The flow and sediment were
modeled at the interception of the two channels. It is applied
an experimental model to evaluate the results. Regarding the
numerical model, the effects of geometry parameters such as
proportion of secondary channel to main channel width and
intersection angle and also hydraulic conditionals like
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Froude number were studied on bed topographical and flow
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reaches to 51 percent, on average. It is observed that the
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ratios. Also, increasing in the intersection angle accompanied
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Chapter one. River morphology.pptx
1. The document discusses river morphology and provides definitions of key river-related terms such as perennial, ephemeral, and intermittent rivers. It also describes the main functions of rivers.
2. River morphology is introduced as the study of river forms, patterns, and the processes that develop them. Key river morphological elements that are discussed include channel geometry, pattern, grade, and processes like erosion, transportation, and deposition.
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36002 Topic SCI 207 Our Dependence upon the EnvironmentNumber.docx
36002 Topic: SCI 207 Our Dependence upon the Environment
Number of Pages: 2 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 3
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Undergraduate
Category: Environmental Issues
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Attached
Week 1 - Assignment 1
Stream Morphology Laboratory
[WLO: 1] [CLOs: 1, 3, 5]
This lab enables you to construct a physical scale model of a stream system to help you understand how streams and rivers shape the landscape, and how human actions can affect river ecosystems. This lab is done with materials that you will need to supply; the list of items you will need to obtain is in the Stream Morphology Investigation ManualPreview the document.
The Process:
Take the required photos and complete all parts of the assignment (calculations, data tables, etc.). On the “Lab Worksheet,” answer all of the questions in the “Lab Questions” section. Finally, transfer all of your answers and visual elements from the “Lab Worksheet” into the “Lab Report.” You will submit both the “Lab Report” and the “Lab Worksheet” to Waypoint.
The Assignment:
Make sure to complete all of the following items before submission:
Before you begin the assignment, read the Stream Morphology Investigation ManualPreview the document and review The Scientific Method presentation video.
Complete Activity 1 and Activity 2 using the materials that you supply. Photograph each activity following these instructions:
When taking lab photos, you need to include in each image a strip of paper with your name and the date clearly written on it.
Complete all parts of the Week 1 Lab WorksheetPreview the document and answer all of the questions in the “Lab Questions” section.
Transfer your responses to the lab questions and the data tables and your photos from the “Lab Worksheet” into the Lab Report TemplatePreview the document.
Submit your completed “Lab Report” and “Lab Worksheet” through Waypoint.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Stream Morphology
Investigation Manual
STREAM MORPHOLOGY
Table of Contents
2 Overview 2 Outcomes
2 Time Requirements
3 Background
9 Materials
10 Safety
10 Preparation 10 Activity 1
12 Activity 2
13 Submission
13 Disposal and Cleanup
14 Lab Worksheet
18 Lab Questions
Overview
Students will construct a physical scale model of a stream system to help understand how streams and rivers shape the solid earth (i.e., the landscape). Students will perform several experiments
to determine streamflow properties under different conditions. They will apply the scientific method, testing their own scenarios regarding human impacts on river systems.
Outcomes
• Design a stream table model to analyze the different characteristics of streamflow.
• Explain the effects of watersheds on the surrounding environment in terms of the biology, water quality, and economic importance of streams.
• Identify different stream features based on their geological formation due to erosion an.
Lecture 07 permeability and seepage (11-dec-2021)
This document discusses permeability and seepage in geotechnical engineering. It begins by defining permeability as a measure of a soil's ability to allow water to flow through its pores or voids. It then discusses Darcy's law, which describes water flow through porous media, and how permeability/hydraulic conductivity is measured in the laboratory. The document also covers the Laplace equation for two-dimensional water flow and flow nets, which can be used to model groundwater flow patterns. It provides examples of how flow nets are constructed and how they can be used to calculate water flow and seepage pressures.
Open channels
This document provides an introduction to a 15-lecture course on open channel hydraulics. Open channel flows occur in rivers, canals, and sewers where the surface is unconfined. The course will cover steady uniform flow, steady gradually-varied flow, steady rapidly-varied flow, and unsteady flow. Students will learn about flow properties, conservation of energy and momentum in open channels, uniform flow in prismatic channels, gradually-varied non-uniform flow, structures in open channels, and flow measurement. The goal is for students to understand open channel flows and waves and be able to solve common problems.
Ijmet 10 01_182
In this work the impact of the tidal wave on pollutant residence time within Nador
lagoon has been computed using an Eulerian approach and a 2D hydrodynamical model.
The model is based on the finite volume method; it solves the shallow water equations on
spatial domain that represents the Nador lagoon. The residence time has been defined
through the remnant function of a passive tracer released inside the lagoon. The renewal
capacity of the Nador Lagoon has been investigated when forced by the astronomic tide.
The influence of tidal wave on residence time has been defined by the return flow, and
computed for two scenarios during winter and spring periods.
IRJET- Hydrological Modeling of Penganga Sub-Basin using Arc-SWAT
This document discusses hydrological modeling of the Penganga sub-basin in India using the ArcSWAT model. It provides background on the hydrological cycle and importance of hydrological modeling. The study aims to simulate stream flow in the Penganga river to help water resource managers. Input data on soil, climate and land use were generated from GIS. The basin was delineated and hydrological response units were defined in ArcSWAT. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated, with results found to satisfactorily represent the hydrological regime of the sub-basin. The calibrated model can be used to inform future water resource management in the area.
River flood modelling with mike 11 case of nzoia river (budalangi) in kenya
This document presents a study that uses the one-dimensional MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model to simulate flooding in the lower Nzoia River basin in Kenya. The study area focuses on the Budalangi floodplains. The objectives are to implement the MIKE 11 model for this river reach and investigate the 2008 Budalangi floods. The model is set up using surveyed river cross-section data and boundary conditions. Two scenarios are modeled - an intact dyke case and a breached dyke case. The results show that the 2008 flooding was mainly caused by dyke breach based on the longitudinal water level profiles produced.
River flood modelling with mike 11 case of nzoia river (budalangi) in kenya
This document presents a study that uses the one-dimensional MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model to simulate flooding in the lower Nzoia River basin in Kenya. The study area focuses on the Budalangi floodplains. The objectives are to implement the MIKE 11 model for this river reach and investigate the 2008 Budalangi floods. The model is set up using surveyed river cross-section data and boundary conditions. Two scenarios are modeled - an intact dyke case and a breached dyke case. The results show that the 2008 flooding was mainly caused by dyke breach. The optimal computational time step and spatial step for model stability are found to be 1 minute and 500m, respectively.
The Effect of Geometry Parameters and Flow Characteristics on Erosion and Sed...
One of the most critical problems in the river
engineering field is scouring, sedimentation and morphology
of a river bed. In this paper, a finite volume method
FORTRAN code is provided and used. The code is able to
model the sedimentation. The flow and sediment were
modeled at the interception of the two channels. It is applied
an experimental model to evaluate the results. Regarding the
numerical model, the effects of geometry parameters such as
proportion of secondary channel to main channel width and
intersection angle and also hydraulic conditionals like
secondary to main channel discharge ratio and inlet flow
Froude number were studied on bed topographical and flow
pattern. The numerical results show that the maximum
height of bed increased to 32 percent as the discharge ratio
reaches to 51 percent, on average. It is observed that the
maximum height of sedimentation decreases by declining in
main channel to secondary channel Froude number ratio. On
the assessment of the channel width, velocity and final bed
height variations have changed by given trend, in all the
ratios. Also, increasing in the intersection angle accompanied
by decreasing in flow velocity variations along the channel.
The pattern of velocity and topographical bed variations are
also constant in any studied angles.
اسئله واجوبه قنوات مفتوحه 267 ص 4 (2)
This document contains 40 multiple choice questions and answers related to open channel flow concepts. The questions cover topics such as definitions of open channel flow, laminar and turbulent flow, types of flow, uniform and non-uniform flow, steady and unsteady flow, critical flow, specific energy, Froude number, hydraulic mean depth, gradually and rapidly varied flow, prismatic and non-prismatic channels, and instruments used to measure open channel flow.
Groundwater hydrology
This document provides an overview of topics that will be discussed in a chapter on groundwater hydrology. It includes definitions of key terms like aquifers, water tables, and porosity. It describes how groundwater occurs underground and moves from areas of higher to lower potential. Methods for estimating groundwater recharge and withdrawal are presented. Equations for modeling groundwater flow and well hydraulics under steady and unsteady conditions are shown. The document also discusses groundwater development and issues in Nepal including overextraction, pollution sources, and conjunctive use of surface and groundwater.
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River flood modelling with mike 11 case of nzoia river (budalangi) in kenya
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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UNIT 7_The Groundwater System_Kathmandu University_DrSuman2022.pptx
- 1. Course Title: Engineering Geology Course Code: CIEG 209 1 Unit 7 The Groundwater System Dr. Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. & PostDoc (Ksyushu University) Visiting Faculty, School of Engineering, Department of Civil & Geomatic Engineering, Kathmandu University, NEPAL Visiting Associate Professor Institute of Lowland and Marine Research (ILMR), Saga University, JAPAN Former Secretary General cum Treasurer International Association of Lowland Technology (IALT), JAPAN Chief Guest Editor & Associate Editor Lowland Technology International Journal (LTI), JAPAN
- 2. Unit 7 : The Groundwater System 2 Phases Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering)
- 3. Introduction to Hydrogeology, General Concept, Groundwater in the Hydrologic Cycle 3 Hydrogeology: Water that lies beneath the ground surface, filling the pore space between grains in bodies of sediment and clastic sedimentary rock, and filling cracks and crevices in all types of rock. Source of ground water is rain and snow that falls to the ground a portion of which percolates down into the ground to become ground water. General Concept: Porosity and Permeability: Porosity (): the percentage of rock or sediment that consists of voids (pores) or openings. It is also defined as the ratioo of volume of voids (Vv) to the volume of total aquifer material (Vtotal). = Vv / Vtotal Factors affecting porosity: Sorting & Grain shape Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering)
- 4. 4 Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering) Permeability: The capacity of porous rock, sediment or soil to transmit a fluid such as water or petroleum through pores and fractures. Porous: a rock that holds much water. Permeable: a rock that allows water to flow easily through it. impermeable: a rock that does not allow water to flow through it easily. Hydraulic Gradient (I): The difference between hydraulic head at two points divided by the length (l) is said to be hydraulic gradient (I), i.e. I = (h1-h2)/l Hydraulic Conductivity (K): Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the flow velocity (V) per unit hydraulic gradient (I), expressed as metres/day or metres/sec. K = V/I
- 5. 5 Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering) Darcy’s Law: Darcy’s Law states the rate of fluid flow (V) through any porous medium is: a. Directly proportional to the differences in hydraulic head (h1-h2), and b. Inversely proportional to the length of the column (l). V (h1-h2)/l V = K (h1-h2)/l Where, K = hydraulic conductivity V = K (I) Discharge (Q) = Flow Velocity X Cross- sectional Area Q = V.A Q = KIA
- 6. 6 Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering) Aquifer When a water- bearing rock readily transmits water to wells and springs, it is called an aquifer. Aquifers come in two types which are shown below: Unconfined and Confined. Confining Bed: A confining bed is a layer of geologic material, which hampers the movement of water into and out of an aquifer. 1. Aquiclude: A saturated but relatively impermeable material that does not yield appreciable quantities of water to well, e.g. clay 2. Aquifuge: A relatively impermeable formation neither containing nor transmitting water, e.g. granite.
- 7. 7 Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering) Types of Aquifers Unconfined aquifer: Unconfined aquifers are those into which water seeps from the ground surface directly above the aquifer. Confined aquifer: Confined aquifers are those in which an impermeable dirt/rock layer exists that prevents water from seeping into the aquifer from the ground surface located directly above. Instead, water seeps into confined aquifers from farther away where the impermeable layer doesn't exist.
- 8. 8 Global Hydrologic Cycle Domenico and Schwartz, 1990. Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering)
- 9. 9 Basin Hydrologic Cycle Charbeneau, 2000. Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering)
- 10. 10 Basin Hydrologic Cycle – GW/SW Interaction Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering)
- 11. 11 Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering) Can’t “see” groundwater so a lot more is done by inference and interpretation than for surface water. Site investigation: • Conceptual model of geological environment and the flow system through it. • Field measurements (bore holes, pumping tests, geophysical explorations) • Hydrogeologic simulation model Groundwater investigation:
- 12. 12 Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering) Groundwater investigation
- 13. Ground water occurrence and conservation 13 • Ground water occurs when water recharges the subsurface through cracks and pores in soil and rock. • Shallow water level is called the water table. Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering) Recharge Natural • Precipitation • Melting snow • Infiltration by streams and lakes Artificial • Recharge wells • Water spread over land in pits, furrows, ditches • Small dams in stream channels to detain and deflect water
- 14. 14 Example of Layered Aquifer System Bedient et al., 1999. Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering)
- 15. 15 Aquifer Features Suman Manandhar, Dr. Eng. (Geotechnical Engineering)
- 16. Thank you for your kind attention !!!