SHS-OLFU (VAL)

1. Unit 7
THE SOLAR SYSTEM & BEYOND:
THE PHYSICS OF THE UNIVERSE

2. EART

3. SOLAR
SYSTEM

5. • how physicist measure the universe and what
tools
• theoretical and experimental
• the what’s, the why’s and the how’s of the
universe

6. THE THEORY
OF
RELATIVITY

7. ALBERT
EINSTEIN
• proposed a theory that
revolutionized at how
we look at the universe
• He published his
Special Theory of
Relativity in 1905

8. Special Theory of Relativity
E= mc²
E= energy
m= mass
C= constant

9. Two years later……
-Einstein worked on the second part of
his theory, the General Theory of
Relativity
-he proposed a new model for the
gravitational force of the universe.

10. An object in outer space will warp the
dimension of space time. A body near this
object will move in accordance to the shape
of the wrapping which is conical.
The cone becomes more pronounced as
the body becomes more massive.
Eventually if the body is massive enough,
the body will wrapped the spacetime grid
such that the body will be crunched inside
the cone to produce a singularity.

11. If this happens, a Black hole is
created.

12. The Special Theory of Relativity
• Einstein predict in this theory that the
ultimate constant in the universe.
• represented by the symbol C
• speed of the light is measured exactly today
• it is the speed that is observed no to change
• uniformity of the light was conceived

13. GALILEO
GALILEI• suggested this fact in
the 17th century
• unification of Maxwell’s
electro magnetic theory
• substantial fractions of
the speed of the light,
the calculations of
length, time and other
quantities become
erroneos

14. HENDRIK
LORENTZ
• introduced a factor
(now known as the
gamma factor) that
will subsequently be
proven experimentally
• the factor 𝑦 =
1
1−
𝑣²
𝑐²
was introduced

15. 𝑦 =
1
1−
𝑣²
𝑐²
If v<<c, then the factor 1 - v²/c² is approximately equal to one.
Hence, y=1 for velocities that we encounter every day and this
factor is negligible and everything will be reduced to the original
equations of Newton.
v= velocity of the body
c= curse is the speed of
light

16. Length Contraction
The consequence of the introduction of the
Lorentz factor or the Lorentz transform is that
for body moving at a substantial fraction of the
speed of life, its length is shortened when it is
observed by an observer outside its reference
frame (we will call it “an outside observer”)

17. Time Dilation
another consequence is that for an outside
observer, the time of the moving body will run
slower

18. The ultimate consequence of the
special theory of relativity is that
there is a speed limit in a universe

19. matter in any
event cannot
approach the
speed of light

20. Several Consequences that
the General Theory of
Relativity has to offer: