1) Einstein's theory of special relativity proposes that time and space are intertwined in a dimension called spacetime, and that the flow of time can be different for observers in different frames of reference. 2) General relativity holds that spacetime is curved by massive objects, and that this curvature is experienced as gravity. Extreme curvature near black holes causes significant time dilation effects. 3) Experiments have found small but measurable time dilation effects for astronauts and particles, validating these predictions. However, some experimental results on neutrino speeds appear inconsistent with relativity and pose challenges to the theory.

1. Theory of Relativity of
Time
Mohammad Ali Mian

2. Time
of

3. Theory Of Relativity Of Time
• In 1915, Albert Einstein first proposed his
theory of special relativity. Essentially,
this theory proposes the universe we live
in includes 4 dimensions, the first three
being what we know are space ,gravity ,
and the fourth being space-time, which is
a dimension where time and space are
inextricably linked.
Where “c”is
called the light
constant and
could not be
changed

4. Misconception:
• Another misconception
about time is that it
always moves in forward
direct as time has a 4
dimension physical
property therefore it is
possible to reverse the
position of an object in 4
dimensions
• Therefore Einstein did
does not appear to be
consistent with the
observation that time is
irreversible.

5. Theory of
parallel
universe :
• Einstein concluded in his later that the past,
present, and future all exist simultaneously.
• Many universes exist parallel to each other.
theory are called parallel universes .
• . In fact, an infinite universe would have
infinitely many planets, and on some of them, the
events that play out would be virtually identical
to those on our own Earth.
• You are virtually present in this universe and in
parallel to this universe you may not have been
born.

6. Different physical laws for
different frames
• According to Einstein, two people observing the
same event in two different frames could
perceive event occurring at two different times.
• Since light does travel at a finite and ever-
constant speed(299 792 458 m / s), an observer
in non inertial frame will perceive an event as
occurring later in time while in inertial frame an
observer would perceive event in different time.
• While the event is "actually" occurring at the
same instant in time .

7. Frame of reference
• These frames are some what like a
boxes which have their own
dimensions.
• The physicals law in box are pretty
different than other as they are
entirely different frame.
• Having different gravitational force,
electromagnetic force.
• But all physical laws are same and
constant for a single frame.

8. The Time expand for me and decreases for you but out of
the both frame it remain constant.
1st
Frame of
reference
2nd
frame of
reference

9. Time Dilation

10. Simply:
• According to
Fleming's right-hand
rule When two forces
acts upon each other
perpendicularly on
same plane it give
rise to third force

11. Similarly:
• When two dimensions
acts perpendicularly on
same plane in same
reference frame it also
give rise to the
dimension that is
independent of the
called Time.

12. Curvature caused in space by
matter:
• Also an important aspect
of Einstein's theory of
relativity is that he
proposed matter causes
space to curve. If we
pretend that "space" is a
two-dimensional sheet, a
planet place on this
"sheet" would cause it to
curve (see diagram).
This curvature of space
results in what we
perceive as gravity.
Einstein's theory of general relativity
predicted that the space-time around
Earth would be twisted by the
planet's rotation. Gravity Probe B
showed this to be correct

13. Special theory of gravity
• This is a reason why Smaller objects are
attracted to larger ones because they "roll"
through the curved space towards the most
massive objects, as moon does revolving
around earth.
• And In relation to time, this curvature causes the
gravitational time dilation effect
• This is also called the special theory of gravity

14. gravitational time dilation effect
• Under normal circumstances, the effect caused
by these curved spaces effect is impossible to
observe.
• However, in the presence of the extremes of our
universe (such as black holes, where a huge
amount of matter is compressed into an
extremely small volume), this effect becomes
much more obvious.

15. Time dilation in black hole
• To a distant observer, an
object falling into a black hole
would appear to never reach it,
due to time dilation causing
time to "progress" extremely
slower, at least relative to the
distant observer (the object in
question, however, would very
rapidly be destroyed by the
black hole before experiencing
time dilation).
• It is the easiest way of Time
dilation as our frame of
reference and black hole frame
of reference are entirely
different

16. Matter and Anti matter
• According to current
theories on the nature of
wormholes, construction
of a traversable
wormhole would require
the existence of a
substance with negative
energy (often referred to
as "exotic matter"). More
technically, the wormhole
space-time requires a
distribution of energy
that violates various
energy conditions

17. BOOM !!

18. Examples of time
dilation
• Example can be seen through an experiment performed
on the International Space Station (ISS). After the first
6 months in space, the crew of the ISS aged .007
seconds less than the rest of us on earth (the relatively
stationary observers).
• Some particles striking the Earth's upper atmosphere
have energies that exceed 2*1020 eV. Now the age of
the universe is about 13 billion years for us, but for
such particles, the age of the universe would be about
(13 billion years/1011), ie about a month. Such a
particle could cross the visible universe in a matter of
months (their time).

19. Flaws of theory
of relativity of
time
• According to Einstein no particle can move equal
or faster than light (photon) but recent
researches have proven to accelerate neutrino
60 times faster than photon.
• Like The OPERA team made headlines after
they
suggested neutrinos traveled 0.002% faster than ligh
, thus violating Einstein's theory of special
relativity.
• If Einstein theory of relativity is true than we
would be able to create a time machine in future
But none of us see future visitor ?