Unit 6 Microcontroller in robotics

1. Unit VI
Role of Microcontroller in Robotics

2. Inspection robots
 Inspection robots are mobile service robots with advanced vision
sensors, typically used for the inspection of critical and high-
value infrastructure. Inspection robots are either semi-
autonomous, where they've been taught established paths, or
fully autonomous, able to navigate themselves.

3. Robotic vision systems
 Robotic vision systems, also referred to as
vision guided robots (VGR), are
innovating the robotic world and
expanding the complexity of robot
applications.
 These systems involve fitting robots with
cameras used as sensors in order to feed
information back to the robot.
 The use of robotic vision systems allows
robots to easily locate parts within their
work envelope and are often necessary
for applications with workpiece variations
for accuracy to be achieved. The
integration of vision makes robots more
adaptable and simplifies the
implementation process. While costs and
the complexity of tool fixturing are
significantly reduced.

4. Image processing
 Image processing is the process of transforming an image into a digital form
and performing certain operations to get some useful information from it.
The image processing system usually treats all images as 2D signals when
applying certain predetermined signal processing methods.
Object recognition
 Object recognition is the area of artificial intelligence (AI) concerned with
the abilities of robots and other AI implementations to recognize various
things and entities. Object recognition allows robots and AI programs to pick
out and identify objects from inputs like video and still camera images.

5. Robot microcontroller
 A robot microcontroller is basically the brain of the robot. It is used to
collect the information from various input devices such as sensors,
switches and others. Then it executes a program and in accordance with it
controls the output devices such as motors, lights and others

6. Pick and place robots
 Pick and place robots enable companies to use automated solutions for lifting
objects from one location and placing them at other locations.
 Simple tasks such as lifting objects or moving them do not require a lot of
thought processes. Therefore, using human workers on these tasks can be
wasteful, as the workforce can be used for other tasks that require higher
mental abilities.
 These repetitive tasks are handled by pick and place robots. These robots are
often equipped with sensors and vision systems to lift objects from moving
conveyor belt.

7. Arc welding robot
 Arc welding utilizes an electric arc between an electrode and a metal base
using either consumable or non-consumable electrodes.
 An arc welding robot uses a process which applies intense heat to metal at a
joint, causing the metal to melt and intermix.

8. Assembly robots
 Assembly robots are used for lean industrial processes and have expanded
production capabilities in the manufacturing world.
 An assembly line robot can dramatically increase production speed and
consistency. They also save workers from tedious and dull assembly line jobs.

9. Spot welding
 Spot welding is a resistance welding process that uses large electrical current
to join two or more sheets of metal in a single location. Spot welding technology
has evolved through its extensive use in automobile manufacturing using
articulated robots

10. Robotic spray-painting
 Robotic spray-painting arm is a painting
process in which spray painting is done
by robots arm to reduce the human
load. Robotic spray painting arm has
been used for many year in automotive
spray painting applications.
 spray painting robot have five to six axis
motion originally, three for the base
motions, while they have also up to three
for applicator orientation.
 Robots can precisely control spray angle,
speed and flow intensity for complete
and consistent coverage over complex
surfaces.
 Robotic spray-painting arm are mostly
used by vehicle manufacturers to do
detailing works on their vehicles in a
systematic way. Some of this robotic
spray painting has arm that enable
them to move vertically and horizontally,
to spray paint to vehicle from every
direction and on all parts of the car.

11. Robot Cleaner
 A robotic vacuum cleaner, is an autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner which
has a limited vacuum floor cleaning system combined with sensors and
robotic drives with programmable controllers and cleaning routines.
 Cleaning and disinfection robots help to keep cleaning personnel safer. With
robots doing the dirty work, cleaning people do not have to touch cleaning fluids
or contaminated surfaces. Airports use UV disinfecting robots to clean
surfaces, handrails, and areas often touched by people's hands.

12. Deburring
 Deburring is a finishing process
involving the removal of
imperfections such as burrs, edges,
fins, or any other inconsistencies
from parts.
 automated robotic deburring
system features a few of our
adaptive technologies to effectively
remove burrs. Compliance
spindles, dust collectors, and Touch
Detection allow the robotic system
to remove burrs without removing
too much or too little. The
technologies simulate the flexibility
of human movements.

13. Robotic palletizing
 Robotic palletizing is the practice of using an industrial robot to place and
stack goods onto a pallet for transportation. Many robots can be used for
palletizing and the most common approach is to use dedicated palletizing
robots for quick transportation of heavy, bulky items.
Surveillance robot
 A remote-controlled surveillance robot is defined as any robot that is remotely
controlled to capture images/video for specific purposes.
Material handling robotics
 Carmakers use material handling robotics to move materials throughout the
production process. These systems can be used to transport materials from
one workstation to another, or to move parts and components from one
assembly line to another for efficient assembly

14. F&B Industry
 There are robots tasked with the monitoring of safety in food manufacturing
plants, as well as those tasked with packaging. Meat product manufacturers
rely on robots to perform the cutting, sorting, and packaging of meat products.
Die casting robot
 Robots can automate the die cast process by quickly and efficiently
pouring molten metal into a reusable mold. Die casting machines are used
in a variety of industries and while material handling is a natural application,
casting and foundry applications can be challenging.

15. Images for reference
Surveillance robot
Robotic palletizing
Robot Cleaner

16. Pick and place, Material handling robot

17. Workcell Design Considerations
1. Workcell Base (Positioner)
 The workcell base determines how the part is presented to the robot. A
number of options are available, including flat tables, three-axis turntables,
head and tailstock configurations and more. Rotation of the part during
the weld cycle will also play a major role in determining the positioner
configuration.
2. Part Size and Weight
 The size and weight of the parts will help determine the diameter of the
work cell table, the required tool length, and the size of the workcell itself.
This is a key consideration and will immediately narrow down your options.
3. Number of Stations
 The number of stations your part requires will be a major determining factor
in the design of the workcell that’s right for you. A low-volume part may only
justify a single station workcell, yet if a customer has multiple low-volume
parts, a dual station cell with two independent stations may work perfectly.

18. 4. Robot Positioning
 The unique dimensions of your part will determine which robot
configuration will be best. Common options include rear-mounted and
center-mounted robots, which provide different access to the part and
utilize the workcell envelope differently.
5. Loading Type
 How the part needs to be loaded into the workcell is another important
consideration. Workcells typically come in single loading points or dual
loading points depending on how the workcell fits within existing production
flows on the customers manufacturing floor.
6. Number of Robots
 Another key consideration is the number of robots required to service the
part. Depending on the size, dimensions of the part and the number of
welds, the workcell may have between one and four robots in various
configurations to meet the customers cycle time requirements.

19. Robot economics
 Robot economics is the study of the market for robots. Robot markets
function through the interaction of robot makers and robot users. As
a factor of production, robots are complements and/or substitutes for
other factors, such as labor and (non-robot) capital goods. Another part of
robot economics considers the effects of the introduction of robots on the
markets for those other factors and on the products that robots help
produce.
Functional Safety
Functional safety mechanisms look at mitigating any risk that could be
caused by any of these failures. It is done by defining the safety integrity
level (SIL) of a system or process. In simple words, SIL can be defined as
the measurement of performance that is required for a safety instrumented
function (SIF)