This document discusses causes of non-performing assets (NPAs) in industries and methods for managing them. Some key causes of NPAs include improper financing, obsolete technology, uneconomic project sizes, and macroeconomic factors. Early warning signs of potential NPAs include stagnant or declining sales, continuing losses, erosion of working capital, irregular bank limits, and uneconomic operation levels. The Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) administers rehabilitation packages for sick industries under the Sick Industrial Companies Act (SICA). The BIFR appoints agencies to prepare revival schemes offering concessions like debt repayment over 10 years. The 2002 Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act