1) The document provides guidance for students taking Unit 2 Test, including reminders to complete study guides, checkpoints, and quizzes. It describes the test format which has two parts - a multiple choice section and an essay/project section where students can choose one option. 2) The document then summarizes key concepts from Unit 2, including the Scientific Revolution sparked by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton. It also covers the Enlightenment, American Revolution causes, the U.S. and French Revolutions, the rise of Napoleon, Latin American revolutions, and the unification of Italy and Germany driven by nationalism. 3) In closing, it wishes students good luck and reminds them to use

1. Unit 2 Test Review 3/2 *Reminder the Test is open for Re-Takes. *Reminder: Use the chapter summaries, and writing guides.

2. How to Prepare for your Test Complete the Student Guides from the lessons in Unit 2 (print them out!) Complete all the Unit 2 Checkpoints and Quizzes!! Read the Study GuideI pushed out at the beginning of this session. This is an OPEN NOTE TEST!! ASK QUESTIONS!!

4. Three different options to choose from

5. 1.) Essay option

6. 2.) Storming of the Bastille newspaper article

7. 3.) Important Persons Glogster PosterYOU ONLY NEED TO COMPLETE ONE OF THESE OPTIONS. SUBMIT THE COMPLETED ASSIGNMENT TO THE UNIT 2 TEST PART 2 DROPBOX.

8. The Scientific Revolution What was the Scientific Revolution? What Spurred the Scientific Revolution?

9. Ptolemy vs Copernicus Geocentric – The Earth is the Center of the Universe Heliocentric Theory - The Sun is the Center of the Universe

10. Galileo Galilee Designed New Scientific devices Thermometer Telescope Confirmed Copernicus’ Theory Silenced by the Church The Inquisition condemned Galileo in 1633 because his teachings clashed with the Bible, which read: "God fixed the earth upon its foundation, not to be moved forever." Galileo was rehabilitated after 359 years. In 1992 of Galileo, the Italian astronomer persecuted by the Church for teaching that the Earth revolved around the sun.

11. Sir Isaac Newton Devloped the “Theory of Universal Gravity” Discovered White light was comprised of multiple spectrums of light Developed Calculus The Principia Laws of Motion First law (the law of inertia): A body in motion will stay in motion, and a body at rest will remain at rest, unless acted on by a force. Second law: The force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration. Third law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. * Proved the universe follows a set of predictable rules.

12. The Enlightenment Locke - It is the government's job to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu - 3 Branches of Government – Judicial, Legislative, Executive. Influenced the U.S. Constitution Voltaire - God had made the universe then left it to run on its own, Kings “should” be governed by Reason Hobbes – Humans are naturally violent and Selfish Rousseau– Humans are naturally Good and Society Corrupts them

13. American Revolution Causes Britain’s Debt: Fixes? Taxes: Sugar Act of 1764 Stamp Act of 1765 Proclamation of 1763 No Representation in Parliament Boston Massacre Intolerable Acts Mass. Militia and the British Regulars fire upon each other on Lexington Green

14. The New America Articles of Confederation – Passed in 1781 WEAK central government No power to… Collect taxes, force states to follow federal law, establish an army, print money Much confusion among states – no unity or uniformity

15. The U.S. Constitution Power is shared between federal and state governments Separation of Powers – Who originally came up with this idea? Checks and Balances system What type of legislature did the Constitution create? How many parts? It established a government based on a document reflecting the will of the people

16. The French Revolution

17. RobespierreReign of Terror Robespierre – Ruled with the Council of Public Safety in 1793 Reign of Terror – 300,000 arrested; 17,000 executed Robespierre eventually executed

18. France Under Napoleon Bonaparte Set up tax collection system Est. a national bank Fired corrupt officials Set up public schools Restored power to Cath. Church Napoleonic code: uniform set of laws

19. Napoleon in Power Appointed to lead French Army in 1796 by the Directory 1798 – Mediterranean Campaign (Defeat which Napoleon glorifies) 1799 Coup De Ta – Napoleon in Power 1804 Napoleon the Emperor Meanwhile European Coalitions form to crush the Revolution Britain sole hope of Europe 1807 Peninsula Disaster 1810 Russia Campaign falls apart – Napoleon’s most serious Defeat 1813 Napoleon exiled to Elba 1814 100 Days – and Defeat at Waterloo

20. Revolutions in Latin America Haiti Leader - Toussaint-Louverture Haiti was the first Latin American colony to gain its independence. Toussaint was a former slave. France regained control of Haiti, but eventually gave up the colony. Mexico Leader - Father Hidalgo Against Spain – Gritto de Dolores Fails Mob vs Wealthy Mestizos Executed in 1811 Why Revolutions fail?

21. Nationalism Unites! Italy – Divided into small principalities Young Italy 1831– Giuseppe Mazzini – Pushes for Italian Rule of Italians; More Power for the People, Unification Giuseppe Garibaldi – Eventually Unites Italy under King Victor Emmanuel

22. Nationalism Unites! Germany – Otto Von Bismarck – Chancellor of Prussia in 1862 German Choice – Prussia or Austria? Prussia forces war upon Austria Using Railroads and new weaponry they defeat Austria Bismarck Rules with an Iron Fist Bismarck teases war with France – Militarism draws other kingdoms to Prussia creating a united Germany

23. Good Luck on the Test Remember to take full advantage of this PPT, The Chapter Summaries, and the Part 2 Writing Guide.