The document discusses the activity and exercise pattern of patients, including the definitions of activity, exercise, and activity tolerance, while highlighting factors affecting mobility. It emphasizes the importance of proper body mechanics and body alignment to prevent injuries and outlines the benefits of exercise and effects of immobility on bodily systems. Additionally, it covers nursing diagnoses related to activity and mobility, planning and implementing strategies for improvement, and evaluating patient progress.

2. Unit 10: Activity & Exercise pattern
By
Muhammad Baqar
Clinical Instructor

3. An activity Exercise pattern:
• Refers to a patient's routine of exercise, activity,
leisure, and recreation, including activities of
daily living (ADLs) that require energy
expenditure.
• It involves the level of physical fitness, movement
capabilities, and any functional limitations.
• This pattern also considers factors that affect
mobility and exercise, such as pain, discomfort, or
any conditions that impact physical performance.

4. Activity:
• “Activity" is defined as any bodily movement
produced by the contraction of skeletal
muscles that increases energy expenditure.
• This includes both planned and routine
movements, such as exercise, activities of
daily living (ADLs), and mobility.

5. Exercise:
• Exercise is a planned, structured, and
repetitive bodily movement performed to
improve or maintain physical fitness.
• It is a subset of physical activity that is
deliberate and aimed at enhancing
cardiovascular endurance, muscle strength,
flexibility, and overall health.

6. Activity tolerance
• Activity tolerance refers to a person's capacity to
perform physical activities without experiencing
undue fatigue or adverse effects.
• It is an important aspect of patient assessment in
nursing, as it helps determine the level of physical
exertion a patient can safely undertake.
• Factors influencing activity tolerance include age,
physical condition, emotional status, and the
presence of any chronic illnesses.

7. Mobility and Immobility
• Mobility Refers to the ability to move freely, easily,
rhythmically, and purposefully in the environment.
• It involves the capacity of muscles and joints to
perform movements necessary for activities of daily
living and other functional activities
• Includes walking, running, sitting, standing, lifting,
pushing, pulling, and performing activities of daily
living (ADLs).
• Immobility: Refers to the inability to move about
freely.

8. Body Alignment
• Body alignment, also known as posture,
• Refers to the positioning of the joints, tendons,
ligaments, and muscles while sitting, standing, or
lying down.
• Proper body alignment means that the
individual's body is in a balanced state, which
minimizes strain on the musculoskeletal system.

9. BODY MECHANICS
• Body mechanics refers to the coordinated use
of the body parts to produce motion and
maintain balance during activity.
• It involves the application of physical
principles to the movements of the body in
daily activities, especially to avoid injury and
maintain posture.

10. BODY MECHANICS COMPONENTS
It includes four components:
• Body alignment (Posture)
• Balance (stability)
• Coordinated body movement and Joint
mobility

11. Principles of Body Mechanics
• Asses the load
• Facing the direction of work reduces the
chance of injury
• Keep back straight.
• Holding an object close to the body requires
less energy than holding it farther away.
• Don’t twist
• Push or pull rather than lift

12. FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILITY AND
ACTIVITY
• Developmental Stage
• Nutrition
• Lifestyle
• Health Status
• Environment
• Diseases and Abnormalities

13. Benefits of exercise:
• Normalizes glucose level
• Improves gait and balance
• Reduces feelings of
depression and anxiety
• Improves cardiovascular
function
• Increases energy
• Promotes bone density
• Improves mobility
• Promotes weight loss
• Reduces blood pressure
• Lowers cholesterol
• Promotes rest and
relaxation
• Improves sleep
• Increase flow and
oxygenation of all body
parts
• Increase depth of
respiration
• Increase respiratory rate
• Increase appetite
• Improved appearance
• Improved Self-concept

14. Effects of Immobility on body systems
• Increase cardiac workload
• Increase risk of venous thrombosis (blood clotting)
• Decrease depth of respiration
• Decrease respiratory rate
• Impaired gas exchange
• Disturbance in appetite
• Altered Protein metabolism
• Altered digestion and utilization of nutrients
• Increase risk of renal calculi
• Decrease bladder muscle tone
• Decrease muscle size, tone and strength

15. Effects of Immobility on body systems
• Decrease joint mobility, flexibility
• Decrease stability
• Increase risk of contractures formation
• Increase risk of electrolyte imbalance
• Altered exchange of nutrients and gases.
• Increase risk of skin breakdown and formation of decubitus ulcers.
• Increase sense of powerlessness
• Decrease self concept
• Decrease social interaction
• Decrease sensory stimulation
• Altered sleep-wake patterns
• Increase risk of depression

16. Focus Assessment Criteria
(Subjective data)
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Dsypnea
• Lack of sleep or rest
• Asses for related factors
• Lack of incentive
• Unwillingness to participate in activates
• Lack of confidence in ability to perform activity
• Fear of injury or aggravating disease as a result of participating in
activity
• Difficulty performing activities of daily living because of decreased
energy or a lack of strength Pain that hinders with performance of
activates .

17. Objective Data
Asses for defining characteristics
Asses strength and balance; evaluate person’s ability to:
• Reposition self in a bed
• Assume and maintain sitting position
• Rise to standing
• Asses response of activity:
• Take vital signs
• Pulse ( rate, rhythm, quality) Respiration, ( rate, depth,
effort ) Blood Pressure
• Asses for the presence of :
• Cyanosis, confusion and vertigo

19. Nursing Diagnosis
• Activity Intolerance
• Risk for Activity Intolerance
• Bathing/Hygiene Self-Care Deficit
• Dressing/Grooming Self-Care Deficit
• Impaired Bed Mobility
• Risk for Disuse Syndrome
• Deficient Diversional Activity
• Fatigue
• Risk for Falls
• Impaired Home Maintenance

20. Nursing Diagnosis
• Impaired Physical Mobility
• Impaired Wheelchair Mobility
• Impaired Transfer Ability
• Impaired Walking
• Delayed Surgical Recovery
• Decreased Cardiac Output
• Ineffective Breathing Pattern
• Ineffective Airway Clearance

21. Nursing Diagnosis
• Impaired Gas Exchange
• Risk for Peripheral Neurovascular
• Dysfunction
• Impaired Tissue Perfusion
• Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
• Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation
• Dysfunctional Ventilatory Weaning Response

22. Planning:
• Identify clients in need of assistance
• Goals should be realistic and focused on improving
mobility, reducing pain, and preventing complications.
• Example:
• Short-term Goal: The client will report a pain level of 3
or less on a 0-10 scale within 24 hours.
• Long-term Goal: The client will demonstrate improved
mobility by performing activities of daily living (ADLs)
independently within two weeks.

23. Implementation:
• Positioning (semi-fowlers etc),
• Range of motion(ROM) exercises
• Assisting the client with exercises to maintain joint
function.
• Educating the client about proper body mechanics to
prevent injury.
• Administering medications and monitoring their
effectiveness.
• Collaborating with physical and occupational therapists
to develop a comprehensive rehabilitation plan

24. Evaluation:
• Have the goals been met? If not modify care
plan.
• Pain levels have decreased to the target range.
• Mobility has improved, as evidenced by increased
participation in ADLs.
• Fall incidents have been prevented.
• If goals are not met, the care plan is revised
based on ongoing assessments