The document describes the codes and conventions commonly found in horror films. It provides a table listing various elements such as weapons, settings, camera techniques, sounds, and other common aspects. It then analyzes the teaser trailer for the film Unfriended, noting how it initially establishes a sense of realism and positivity among the characters before introducing mysterious elements and a threatening atmosphere through the use of lighting, music, editing techniques, and framing that conform to typical horror conventions.

2. Props
Charact
ers
Se.ng
Mise
en
scene
Camera
Sound
Other
Weapons,
knife
Young
people,
teenage
rs
and
children
,
ghosts,
spirits,
vampire
,
killer
(usually
male),
Isolated
areas,
woods/
forest,
country
side
Low
key
ligh?ng,
colors
red
and
black,
blood,
chiaroscuro
ligh?ng,
overall
dark
and
dull,
Extreme
close
up
to
emphasize
to
object
or
person,
?lt
to
create
confusion,
establishing
shot,
handheld
giving
a
sense
of
verisimilitude,
tracking,
point
of
view,
low
and
high
angles
to
show
a
conflict
between
the
superior
and
inferior.
Slow
when
something
mysterious
is
about
to
happen
but
fast
when
there
is
ac?on,
screaming
Short
takes
(edi?ng),
psycholog
ical
(sub
genre)

3. UNFRIENDED
17th
April
2015
(USA)

4. Unfriended
is
a
hybrid
of
horror
and
thriller.
It
was
released
on
17th
April
2015
(USA).
This
film
is
about
six
friends
who
receive
a
message
from
Skype.
It
is
from
their
friend
who
died
a
year
ago.
The
six
friends
think
someone
is
pranking
them
but
eventually
they
find
out
that
it
is
not
and
someone
wants
them
dead.

6. The
teaser
trailer
starts
with
a
group
of
gradua?on
students
who
are
laughing
and
having
a
great
?me.
This
is
shown
through
the
use
of
long
shot
and
dialogue.
The
use
of
bright
light
gives
a
sense
of
verisimilitude
and
makes
everything
seem
ordinary.
The
score
is
cheerful
which
also
adds
to
the
sense
of
realism.
There
is
a
cut
to
young
people
dancing
at
night.
Although
the
audiences
cannot
see
their
faces,
it
does
not
make
it
mysterious
because
they
are
not
doing
something
bad.

7. The
next
scene
is
a
couple
dancing.
A
shallow
focus
has
been
used
to
make
the
audience
focus
on
the
couple.
These
all
make
everything
seem
usual.
The
next
scene
is
a
young
boy
on
the
floor
saying
“mummy”.

8. The
score
con?nues
un?l
there
is
a
cut
to
a
text
saying
“online”
wriVen
in
black
with
a
white
background.
This
makes
the
text
stand
out
because
the
colors
used
are
contrasted.
The
font
is
sans
serif
which
makes
the
screen
look
simple.
We
hear
typing
sounds
as
the
rest
of
the
text
appears.
The
text
makes
the
audiences
think
about
their
online
life
and
their
memories
they
have.

9. There
is
a
close
up
of
a
young
boy
on
a
bike.
These
shots
make
the
audience
feel
posi?ve,
as
all
of
them
are
posi?ve.
There
is
another
cut
to
the
same
couple
dancing
who
are
dancing
more
lively
this
?me.
There
are
people
cheering
and
talking,
which
gives
a
sense
of
reality.
There
is
a
cut
to
a
YouTube
page
with
a
video
of
a
couple
geWng
married.
Again,
this
builds
a
posi?ve
atmosphere.

10. The
video
changes
to
young
teenagers
at
a
party
and
having
fun.
There
are
short
takes
of
different
scenes
of
young
people
partying.
As
the
scenes
are
shown,
the
pace
of
the
score
increases.
AYer
a
couple,
it
stops
at
a
girl
and
there
is
silence.

11. Another
text
comes
and
this
makes
the
audience
scared
because
they
will
start
to
think
about
their
online
mistakes
and
how
they
cannot
get
rid
of
it.
There
is
a
cut
of
a
YouTube
video
of
a
girl.
This
terrifies
the
audience
because
they
think
that
the
video
they
are
watching
is
the
mistake
of
the
girl.

12. There
is
another
text.
The
audience
gets
frightened
because
they
think
the
girl
is
in
danger.
Low-­‐key
ligh?ng
is
a
conven?on
of
horror
and
has
been
used
in
this
way
to
create
enigma.
At
this
point
the
music
changes
and
it
becomes
tense.
A
tense
score
is
a
conven?on
of
horror
and
is
used
in
this
way
to
make
the
audience
panic
and
worry
about
the
girl.
The
close
up
of
the
girl
is
effec?ve
because
the
use
of
close
up
(conven?on)
creates
a
tense
atmosphere.
The
?ght
frame
prevents
the
audience
from
seeing
what
is
around
her.
There
is
a
voice
saying
‘Laura’
and
there
are
some
people
laughing.
This
makes
the
audience
anxious
because
they
will
think
she
is
helpless
as
there
are
people
around
her
but
are
not
offering
help.

14. Codes
and
conven?ons
start
to
appear
towards
the
middle.
This
is
because
everything
seems
ordinary
at
first
but
then
things
start
to
get
complicated
and
dangerous.

15. The
?ght
frame
prevent
seeing
what
is
around
h
saying
‘Laura’
and
there
laughing.
This
makes
the
because
they
will
think
s
are
people
around
her
b
help.
There is a text and the
audience gets frightened
because they think the girl
is in danger. Low-key
lighting is a convention of
horror and has been used
in this way to create
enigma.
The score changes and it
becomes tense. A tense score is
a convention of horror and is
used in this way to make the
audience panic and worry about
the girl. The close up of the girl is
effective because the use of close
up (convention) creates a tense
atmosphere.

16. The
medium
shot
allows
us
to
see
the
messages
between
two
people.
The
fact
that
they
are
talking
about
Laura
terrifies
the
audience
because
they
are
not
talking
well
of
her.
There
is
an
extreme
close
up
of
someone's
comment.
This
makes
the
audience
panic
because
they
do
not
know
what
Laura
did
and
why
they
hate
her
so
much.
Extreme
close
up
is
a
conven?on
of
horror
and
is
used
in
this
way
to
make
the
audience
pay
aVen?on.

17. There is a video of Laura︎
committing suicide and the
audiences are terrified because they did
not realize things went this far. Plus,
someone is taking their life and the
audiences are forced to watch it. During
the video, someone screams, which is a
convention of horror. The use of scream
has been used in this way to panic the
audience. The text makes the audience
feel sympathy towards Laura because
she must have been going trough a lot
(as she ended up committing suicide).︎

18. The
message
from
Laura
is
shown
through
the
use
of
medium
shot
on
Facebook.
The
message
also
makes
us
wonder
why
she
only
sent
it
to
one
person,
which
is
Blaire.
A
cut
is
used
and
we
see
the
group
chat.
As
one
of
the
friends
suggests
the
unknown
person
is
Laura
through
the
use
of
dialogue,
the
tense
atmosphere
increases.

19.
The
unknown
person
writes
and
with
the
first
message,
the
audience
starts
panicking.
A
couple
seconds
later,
the
second
message
comes
and
the
audience
is
really
frightened
because
they
would
not
want
someone's
life
to
end.
The
audience
starts
to
realize
that
the
situa?on
is
serious.

20. With
a
message,
we
wonder
why
the
person
sends
a
message
like
that.
The
message
says,
“Lets
play
a
game
lights
out!”
There
is
a
cut
used
and
we
see
the
group
chat
again.
Suddenly,
all
of
the
lights
switch
off
and
their
rooms
are
dark.
This
terrifies
the
audience
because
we
do
not
know
who
actually
switched
the
lights
off
all
at
the
same
?me.
The
dull
and
dark
ligh?ng
is
a
conven?on
of
horror
and
gives
a
sense
that
something
is
wrong.

21. The
point
of
view
shot
makes
the
audience
feel
petrified
because
this
shot
is
completely
different
from
the
previous
shots.
This
implies
that
there
is
something
strange
going
on.
The
point
of
view
shot
scares
the
audience
because
it
looks
as
if
someone
is
in
the
room
with
him.
The
next
shot
is
the
group
chat
and
the
video
for
the
boy
is
turned
off.
At
this
moment,
we
panic
and
get
terrified
because
we
know
something
bad
has
happen.
What
scares
us
even
more
if
the
fact
that
we
do
not
know
what
happened.
This
makes
the
audience
scared
as
that
is
the
main
purpose
of
a
horror.

22. There
are
a
lot
of
screaming,
which
is
a
conven?on
of
horror.
Screaming
has
been
used
in
this
way
to
grab
the
audiences’
aVen?on
and
to
create
a
tense
atmosphere.
We
see
the
boy
again
and
we
see
what
is
happening
to
him.
We
get
really
frightened
because
awful
things
happened
to
him.
When
the
next
message
comes,
the
audiences
are
tense
because
the
person
would
hurt
the
others
as
well.
We
see
another
shot
of
the
group
chat
and
the
medium
shot
allows
us
to
examine
their
facial
expression.
They
panic
and
do
not
know
what
to
do.
The
person
counts
down
and
there
is
a
shot
of
the
group
chat
in
between.
The
close
up
of
the
two
friends
suggest
that
the
others
are
gone
already
and
there
are
only
two
leY.
We
can
also
see
their
facial
expression.
The
close
up,
which
is
a
conven?on,
makes
us
pay
aVen?on
to
them.
This
makes
us
anxious
as
well.

23. There
is
a
cut
between
the
count
down.
The
next
shot
is
a
close
up
of
Blaire.
We
see
that
she
is
terrified
as
only
she
is
leY.
She
also
scares
the
audience
as
they
think
she
was
the
one
that
uploaded
the
video.
The
fact
that
we
do
not
know
what
the
person
can
do
to
her
scares
the
audience
more.

24. What
would
I
borrow/repeat?