Unemployment in afghanistan
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This document discusses unemployment in Afghanistan. It begins by defining unemployment and listing the main types. It then addresses the large problem of youth unemployment in Afghanistan, with over 68% of the population under 25 and 400,000 new entrants to the labor market annually. Reasons for unemployment include insecurity, a lack of infrastructure and development projects, and the government not supporting the private sector enough. Unemployment has serious psychological and social effects like increased crime, drug use, and migration. Afghanistan has one of the highest unemployment rates in the world at around 40%. Solutions proposed include increasing education, government support of sustainable economic opportunities, promoting peace to boost investment, and attracting international investors.
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Unemployment in afghanistan
- 1. By Massoud Merza BBA 5Th Evening DATE – July 12, 2017. By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th
- 2. What is unemployment & Definition Types of unemployment Youth Unemployment in Afghanistan Reasons behind unemployment in Afghanistan Psychological Effects of Unemployment The unemployment rate in Afghanistan Solutions Bibliography By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th
- 3. Searching for a job this is called unemployment Number of unemployed persons divided by the number of people in the labor force By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th
- 4. Frictional unemployment Structural unemployment Cyclical unemployment Seasonal unemployment By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th
- 5. Unemployment is a Big challenge facing the Afghan young Generation. 68% out of 31M is under the age of 25 Since Taliban our Average income growth from $115 to $687 in a particular Region or city, and income increase 597%. 400,000 New Labor market entrants. By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th
- 6. According to the world bank Afghanistan is rankly the 183rd among 190. Lack of Infrastructure to support new jobs. Factors behind that are insecurity. Decrease development projects since 2014. Lack of Government specific plan on supporting of private sector. The amount of assistances reduced from 2014 By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th
- 7. Unemployment is a greater motivator to illegal and unauthorized means to receive benefits. can cause detrimental changes in family relationships. young unemployed Afghans joined the anti government armed groups Unemployment & social difficulties increases the number of drug addicts 42% of the population lives on less than $1 a day. Unemployment Cause migrating By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th
- 8. By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th Afghanistan comes in the list of top 20 countries with high unemployment where the unemployment rate is estimated 40%. around 18 percent for those aged 15-24 who are available for work and seeking employment. 60 percent of the employed workforce are working in low-productivity. Afghanistan is one of the countries with low HDI the literacy rate is below 36%.
- 9. By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs: 7 million people need to find full-time work. Sixty percent of Afghan workers are jobless who are employed rarely have the assurance of regular working hours in a safe environment while their average monthly wages are not crossing the ceiling of 5,000 Afs. Unemployment rate=unemployed worker/total labor force*1oo
- 10. By: Massoud Merza, BBA 5th
- 11. Our best hope is education, starting with primary education government could also be helpful by supporting sustainable economic opportunities Now is the time to make peace the government should encourage the investors and launch supportive programs Attract attention of international inverters in private and public sectors
- 12. 1- http://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/unemployment-rate-spikes-afghanistan 2- https://tradingeconomics.com/afghanistan/unemployment-rate 3- http://www.khaama.com/the-effects-of-unemployment-in-afghanistan-9158 4- http://thekabultimes.gov.af/index.php/opinions/social/12316-reasons-behind- unemployment-in-afghanistan.html 5- http://outlookafghanistan.net/topics.php?post_id=15699 6- http://www.paxpopuli.org/youth-unemployment-in-afghanistan/
- 13. Do you have any question ?
Editor's Notes
- -If a person is actively searching for a job and is unable to find any work this is called unemployment. -It can also be defined as a situation where someone of working age is unable to find a job but who would like to be in full time employment. -Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy of a nation. If a Mother left work to bring up a child or if someone went into higher education, they are not working but would not be classed as unemployed as they are not actively seeking employment. -The worst adverse effect of unemployment is that a person who is unemployed has a very hard time getting hired.
- -Frictional unemployment occurs when a worker moves from one job to another. -Structural unemployment arises when the qualification of a person is not enough to meet his job responsibilities, due to technology change arise. -Cyclical occurs when the economy is in need of low workforce, when demand for labor decrease and the extra workers are release as unemployed. -Seasonal unemployment occurs when an occupation is not in demand at certain seasons.
- -Unemployment is one of the biggest challenges facing the Afghan people, particularly members of the younger generation. -We are a young country. Around 68 percent of the country’s population of some 31 million people is under the age of 25, of which 40 percent are 15 to 24 years of age. -This is a generation of Afghans who have the potential to build a stronger future for our country, and yet many are finding their employment prospects limited. -Afghanistan’s economy has improved tremendously since the Taliban were driven out in 2001, and the per capita income or average income in Afghanistan has grown from $115 in 2001 to $687 in 2013 in current US dollars, according to the World Bank. -During that same time, however, the youth unemployment rate has remained high. That means that average income for all Afghans has increased for 597% in 12 years. “Afghanistan’s economy and jobs are not growing enough to absorb the annual 400,000 new labor market entrants.
- -obvious problems is a lack of infrastructure to support new job opportunities. -The factors behind that are insecurity, lack of hopefulness to future, decrease in number of developing projects and lack of the government specific plan. -The government should support the domestic industries and private sector, adding the government doesn’t have any specific plan on supporting of private sector, thus, -The activity of private sector has decreased by more than 50 percent over the last two years. It to be mentioned that Afghanistan had annually received billions of dollars assistances before, but the amount has considerably reduced in 2013 up to 2015. -Adding lack of economic development projects, power and facilities, huge taxes, lack of the government support from the private sector have considerably affected the private sector activities in the country.
- -Scientific studies have already pointed out that unemployment can contribute to increased rates of suicide and reduced life expectancy. -Unemployment is a greater motivator to illegal and unauthorized means to receive benefits Impact of Unemployment in Afghanistan -Unemployment has a positive effect on the rise economic instability in Afghanistan. -Most Afghans believe that unemployment is the main cause of continuous insurgency in the country. -There are many examples that young unemployed Afghans joined the anti government armed groups, In fact they are not joining the insurgents to follow their ideology, and sometimes they are against their ideology but they joined them to earn money to buy a loaf of bread for themselves and for their families. -It is a clear fact that the killing of insurgents has not weaken the insurgent forces and they seems to be more stronger and the major reason can be the high rate of unemployment in country, which leads more of our unemployed youths to join the anti- government insurgent groups. -Unemployment & social difficulties increases the number of drug addicts, the number of drug users in Afghanistan is estimated to be as high as 1.6 million, or about 5.3 percent of the population, among the highest rates in the world. Nationwide, one in 10 urban households has at least one drug user. -In a report by United Nations (UN): One million people are food-insecure because of the on-going conflict and natural disasters. Meanwhile, an estimated 42% of the population lives on less than $1 a day. -68,000 migrants Afghanistan got third place in the world in 2015
- -Another study puts the unemployment rate among young men even higher, around 18 percent for those aged 15-24 who are available for work and seeking employment. -According to the UNDP, “60 percent of the employed workforce are working in low-productivity.“ Many of these jobs do not provide a stable source of income, and do not promote a strong national economy. Afghanistan comes in the list of top 20 countries with high unemployment where the unemployment rate is estimated 35%. -HDI Human development index.
- But The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs have new figures that show about 7 million people need to find full-time work. Approximately 60% percent of Afghan workers are jobless, and those who are employed rarely have the assurance of regular working hours in a safe environment while their average monthly wages are not crossing the ceiling of 5,000 Afs.
- -There is promise for a better economic situation for young people. Our best hope is education, starting with primary education, According to the United Nations, “In 2001, just 1 million primary school age children were enrolled [in Afghan primary schools], with girls accounting for a tiny fraction. By 2008, 6 million children were in school, including 2.3 million girls. Which only 25.4% are graduating from schools.” Through education, youth can acquire the skills that will increase their chances of secure employment in growing sectors of the economy, such as the service sector. -Education will also allow them to create positive goals for their own lives, and in the process encourage others as well to study and pursue positive goals for themselves.-A top priority for the government should be to continue advancing educational opportunities to those who have been denied these opportunities. Girls and young women, particularly those in rural areas, still have minimal access to education. -I think the government could also be helpful by supporting sustainable economic opportunities, which might include microcredit and offering incentives for entrepreneurship and small business, allowing young people to enter the economy. -Now is the time to make peace, To get rid of the ongoing challenges, the government should encourage the investors and launch supportive programs such as, distribution of free lands, decrease of power bill and remove the obstacles from the private sector way.