The presentation is about unemployment, causes, types and solutions of unemployement.

1. UNEMPLOYMENT IN
SOUTH AFRICA
Presentation by:
Phuti Boikanyo Kgosana
August
2021

2. 2
“Of all the socio-economic challenges facing South
Africa, unemployment must be the greatest”
-Guerilla teachers, 2016

3. 3
WHAT IS UNEMPLOYMENT?
According to Sah (2014) there are two
ways of understanding unemployment. The
first one is a general meaning and the
second one is a measurement point of view.
General meaning-Unemployment means
having no job even for those who are able
and willing to work .
Measurement point of view-
Unemployment may be defined as the gap
between the potential full employment and
number of people employed.

4. TYPES OF
UNEMPLOYMENT
Frictional
unemployment
Frictional unemployment is the result
of voluntary employment transitions
within an economy. Frictional
unemployment naturally occurs,
even in a growing, stable economy
as workers change jobs.
Structural
unemployment
Structural unemployment can
produce permanent disruptions due
to fundamental and permanent
changes that occur in the structure of
the economy that marginalizes a
group of workers. Structural
unemployment can be caused by
technological changes, a lack of
relevant skills, or jobs moving
overseas to another country.
4

5. TYPES OF
UNEMPLOYMENT CONT.
Cyclical
unemployment
Cyclical unemployment is the
variation in number of unemployed
individuals over the course of ups
and downs of the economy, such as
changes in oil prices. Unemployment
declines when the economy is
growing.
Institutional
unemployment
Institutional unemployment results
from long-term or permanent
institutional factors and incentives in
the economy. Labour market
institutions, such as high rates of
unionization can cause
unemployment.
5

6. 6
 Poor governance  Corruption
Good governance is an imperative
pre-condition for employment as it
establishes regulatory and legal
framework essential for the
functioning of land, labour, capital
and other aspects of the economy
(Abdul, Faisal, Faiza, Moeed &
Mohsin, 2016).
The corruption activities that take
place within government institutions
and other private institutions that
encourage bribes to access job
opportunities contribute to the
reduction of the labour force or
unemployment allocation (Bechir,
2016).
FACTORS THAT CAUSES
UNEMPLOYMENT

7. 7
 No job creation  Catastrophic event
The failure or inability of employers
to create new jobs, even during
stable economic conditions, can lead
to a rise in unemployment
A catastrophic event that affects one
or more industries can cause
reduced revenues and subsequently
lead to unemployment. Such as
Covid-19 whereby many companies
closed due to the pandemic.
FACTORS THAT CAUSES
UNEMPLOYMENT CONT.

8. 8
EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Psychological effects (Hussain,
2019)
Poverty
Substance abuse
Health problems
Negative familial effects
Increase of debt
Boredom and lack of motivation

9. CHART
SLIDE
Unemployment rate in South
Africa derived from Department
of Statistics
(http://www.statssa.gov.za/wp-
content/uploads/2020/09/Unem
ployment-rate.jpg)
9

10. TABLE
SLIDE
Unemployment rate in South
Africa derived from
Department of
Statistics(https://www.statista
.com/statistics/1129482/une
mployment-rate-by-age-
group-in-south-africa/)
10

11. INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS
 Reorientation of educational policy (Laskihmi, 2012)
 Volunteering
 Part time jobs
 Entrepreneurship
 Informal jobs
 Community work
 A change in the pattern of investments
 Subsidies on the basis of employment
11

12. VIDEO SLIDE
12

13. 13
REFERENCES
Abdul, R., Faisal, I., Faiza, N., Moeed, S. & Mohsin, A. K. (2016). Unemployment In
Pakistan. https://www.slideshare.net/faiza911/unemployment-in-pakistan-
56644756?qid=a8defb90-0599-4681-815e-02920e120eb2&v=&b=&from_search=9
Bechir N.B. (2016). Dynamic Relationship between Corruption and Youth
Unemployment: Empirical Evidences from a System GMM Approach. Policy Research
Working Paper;No. 7842. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank.
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25158 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Guerilla teachers. (2016). Sustainable job creation.
https://www.slideshare.net/mrLandi/sustainable-job-creation?from_action=save
Hussain, A. (2019). Presentation on unemployment in Pakistan.
https://www.slideshare.net/abidhussain486/unemployment-
128575186?qid=a8defb90-0599-4681-815e-02920e120eb2&v=&b=&from_search=12
Laskhmi, D. (2012). Unemployment.https://www.slideshare.net/manav500/ppt-on-
unemployment?next_slideshow=1
Sah, E.P. (2014). Unemployment.
https://www.slideshare.net/pramodk110/unemployment-
33674097?qid=52af1eb5-da96-4fde-9c21-4d0e18026f86&v=&b=&from_search=8
Google drive link for all the slideshare presentations :
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1uH1X4WmiCU-
UTW7p1cYBBg9oD4YQpP6O

14. THANK
YOU!
Phuti
Boikanyo
Kgosana
Phone
678-555-0128
Email
Kanyor.kgosana@gmail.com