Unemployment has historically been a problem in Bangladesh due to neglect by British and Pakistani rule. Following independence, political instability has prevented governments from implementing long-term solutions. Rising unemployment combined with high food prices and economic slowdown are exacerbating food insecurity, with over 40% of the population living on less than $1 per day. Unemployment is classified into types including cyclical, structural, frictional, and hidden unemployment. Unemployment is a serious issue for Bangladesh, projected to rise to 60 million people or more by 2015, and brings economic, social, and security problems if not addressed.
The document discusses different aspects of unemployment, including definitions of key terms like the labor force participation rate and unemployment rate. It provides historical unemployment rate data for the US and other countries. It also examines different types of unemployment like seasonal, frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment. Reasons for unemployment and impacts on individuals are explored.
Descriptive Analysis of Inflation and Unemployment in Indian EcononmyAnu Damodaran
This document provides an overview of a term paper on trends of inflation and unemployment in the Indian economy from 2002-2012. The paper was submitted by Ms. Anu Damodaran to her faculty guide, Mr. Rajneesh Mishra, at Amity University in Dubai in partial completion of her MBA program. The 67-page paper includes sections on inflation, unemployment, data analysis of inflation and unemployment rates in India, and conclusions on the relationship between inflation and unemployment.
REASONS OF IRREGULAR ECONOMIC DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA !!!!Suraj Patwal
This document discusses unemployment and poverty in India. It begins by defining unemployment and listing its causes such as rapid population growth, a seasonal agriculture industry, and a defective education system. The effects of unemployment include loss of human resources, increased poverty, social problems, political instability, and exploitation of laborers. The types of unemployment include open, under, educated, industrial, rural, urban, seasonal, frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment. Suggestions to address unemployment include controlling population growth, establishing a national employment policy, strengthening the IT sector, promoting rural non-farm activities, increasing industrialization, and changing the education system. The government has taken steps such as the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Y
Poverty and unemployment in india by Abhishek Lahiryabhisheklahiry
The document discusses the concepts of poverty and unemployment in India, their relationship, and efforts to reduce them. It provides historical data showing that poverty in India peaked in the 1960s and has declined since economic reforms in the 1990s, but still impacts hundreds of millions who lack basic necessities. Unemployment rates average around 9% and are caused by factors like population growth, low agricultural productivity, and lack of skills training. Several government programs have aimed to reduce poverty through rural development, employment guarantees, and self-employment initiatives, but more remains to be done to educate citizens and implement effective policies.
This document is a term paper submitted by a student for their BSC degree in economics. It includes information identifying the student such as their name, roll number, and department. The paper analyzes trends in economic growth, inequality, and poverty across Indian states since the early 1990s. It seeks to address questions related to defining poverty lines in India, measuring poverty accurately, the next steps in poverty reduction, the impact of economic reforms on regional inequality, and the relationship between growth and inequality reduction. The paper includes an abstract, introduction discussing key concepts, objectives, a literature review, methodology, data analysis, and conclusions.
Recent Specifications in Labor Unemployment in Sri LankaSanath Dasanayaka
mainly, this report examines on the current labor unemployment situation in Sri Lanka, reasons for labor unemployment, the government of Sri Lanka's actions for reducing unemployment and suggestions for bringing unemployment down in detail.
This document discusses globalization, unemployment in Pakistan, and the causes and effects of unemployment. It defines globalization and notes that it is driven by economic, technological, sociocultural, political, and biological factors. It then defines unemployment and notes that it leads to wasted resources and reduced incomes. The document classifies unemployment, discusses its sources in Pakistan including structural and cyclical factors, and analyzes the causes of unemployment in Pakistan such as lack of skills, education, and a weak economy. It also outlines the effects of unemployment on individuals, the economy, and society. Suggestions to address unemployment include promoting economic growth, exports, agriculture, fiscal/monetary policies, technical training, and self-employment schemes.
GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country. It plays a key role in India's economy, which is currently the 10th largest in the world. While agriculture employs over half the workforce, services now contribute more to GDP. High GDP growth benefits citizens by lowering unemployment, but high inflation harms people as it raises costs of living. Staying informed about the economy helps individuals manage their lives.
The document discusses different aspects of unemployment, including definitions of key terms like the labor force participation rate and unemployment rate. It provides historical unemployment rate data for the US and other countries. It also examines different types of unemployment like seasonal, frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment. Reasons for unemployment and impacts on individuals are explored.
Descriptive Analysis of Inflation and Unemployment in Indian EcononmyAnu Damodaran
This document provides an overview of a term paper on trends of inflation and unemployment in the Indian economy from 2002-2012. The paper was submitted by Ms. Anu Damodaran to her faculty guide, Mr. Rajneesh Mishra, at Amity University in Dubai in partial completion of her MBA program. The 67-page paper includes sections on inflation, unemployment, data analysis of inflation and unemployment rates in India, and conclusions on the relationship between inflation and unemployment.
REASONS OF IRREGULAR ECONOMIC DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA !!!!Suraj Patwal
This document discusses unemployment and poverty in India. It begins by defining unemployment and listing its causes such as rapid population growth, a seasonal agriculture industry, and a defective education system. The effects of unemployment include loss of human resources, increased poverty, social problems, political instability, and exploitation of laborers. The types of unemployment include open, under, educated, industrial, rural, urban, seasonal, frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment. Suggestions to address unemployment include controlling population growth, establishing a national employment policy, strengthening the IT sector, promoting rural non-farm activities, increasing industrialization, and changing the education system. The government has taken steps such as the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Y
Poverty and unemployment in india by Abhishek Lahiryabhisheklahiry
The document discusses the concepts of poverty and unemployment in India, their relationship, and efforts to reduce them. It provides historical data showing that poverty in India peaked in the 1960s and has declined since economic reforms in the 1990s, but still impacts hundreds of millions who lack basic necessities. Unemployment rates average around 9% and are caused by factors like population growth, low agricultural productivity, and lack of skills training. Several government programs have aimed to reduce poverty through rural development, employment guarantees, and self-employment initiatives, but more remains to be done to educate citizens and implement effective policies.
This document is a term paper submitted by a student for their BSC degree in economics. It includes information identifying the student such as their name, roll number, and department. The paper analyzes trends in economic growth, inequality, and poverty across Indian states since the early 1990s. It seeks to address questions related to defining poverty lines in India, measuring poverty accurately, the next steps in poverty reduction, the impact of economic reforms on regional inequality, and the relationship between growth and inequality reduction. The paper includes an abstract, introduction discussing key concepts, objectives, a literature review, methodology, data analysis, and conclusions.
Recent Specifications in Labor Unemployment in Sri LankaSanath Dasanayaka
mainly, this report examines on the current labor unemployment situation in Sri Lanka, reasons for labor unemployment, the government of Sri Lanka's actions for reducing unemployment and suggestions for bringing unemployment down in detail.
This document discusses globalization, unemployment in Pakistan, and the causes and effects of unemployment. It defines globalization and notes that it is driven by economic, technological, sociocultural, political, and biological factors. It then defines unemployment and notes that it leads to wasted resources and reduced incomes. The document classifies unemployment, discusses its sources in Pakistan including structural and cyclical factors, and analyzes the causes of unemployment in Pakistan such as lack of skills, education, and a weak economy. It also outlines the effects of unemployment on individuals, the economy, and society. Suggestions to address unemployment include promoting economic growth, exports, agriculture, fiscal/monetary policies, technical training, and self-employment schemes.
GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country. It plays a key role in India's economy, which is currently the 10th largest in the world. While agriculture employs over half the workforce, services now contribute more to GDP. High GDP growth benefits citizens by lowering unemployment, but high inflation harms people as it raises costs of living. Staying informed about the economy helps individuals manage their lives.
Economic reasons for high unemployment in pakistanMohammadOsama39
This document discusses unemployment in Pakistan. It provides background on unemployment rates and types in Pakistan. Some key points:
- Unemployment in Pakistan is over 12% which equates to over 113 million people. The rate has increased in recent years.
- Major causes of unemployment include a declining agriculture sector due to technology and water issues, a lack of investment and economic crisis, and rapid population growth.
- Types of unemployment discussed include frictional, structural, natural rate, and demand deficient unemployment.
- Pakistan's unemployment rates have fluctuated over the past few decades from a low of 3.13% to a high of 8.27%. Rates are higher for youth and decrease with age.
This document provides an overview of unemployment and related economic concepts. It defines unemployment as when a person is available and willing to work but remains unhired. Several types of unemployment are described, including frictional, structural, seasonal, cyclical, classical, technological, and hidden unemployment. Ways to overcome different types of unemployment are outlined, such as retraining workers, increasing demand, and making labor markets more flexible. Finally, the economic costs of unemployment are mentioned, such as costs to individuals, families, local economies, and the overall economy when unemployment rates are high.
This document provides an overview and summary of unemployment in India presented by Abhishek Agrawal. It begins with defining unemployment and noting India's large unemployment and poverty issues. It then discusses different types of unemployment including frictional, voluntary, casual, chronic, seasonal, disguised, structural, cyclical, and technological unemployment. It also examines the nature of unemployment in India including industrial, urban, rural, educated and disguised unemployment. The document outlines ways to measure unemployment and concludes by reviewing some of the key causes of unemployment in India such as jobless growth, increasing labor force, inappropriate technology, and educational system.
This document discusses unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and outlines the main types: demand deficient, frictional, structural, and voluntary. It then examines the causes of unemployment in India including large population, lack of skills, and slow private investment. The impacts are also explored such as increased poverty and crime. The government has implemented initiatives to address unemployment like rural development programs, self-employment training schemes, and employment guarantee programs. Solutions involve improving education, expanding employment services, and promoting full employment.
The document discusses unemployment in India. It provides current unemployment rates in India and by state. It defines unemployment and different types of unemployment such as seasonal, structural, cyclical, and technological unemployment. The major causes of unemployment in India include a large population, slow economic and industrial growth compared to population growth, the seasonal nature of agricultural work, the joint family system, and lack of education and job skills. Schemes to address unemployment include MGNREGA, which guarantees 100 days of paid work per year.
Unemployment Problem and Global Financing Related to COVID-19 EpidemicVedat Akman
International Asian Congress of Contemporary Sciences - IV
Haziran 26-28, 2020
Baku, Azerbaijan/ Khazar University
https://www.asyakongresi.org/
“Unemployment Problem and Global Financing Related to COVID-19 Epidemic”
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi H. Vedat AKMAN / Beykent Üniversitesi, İİBF, Finans ve Bankacılık Bölümü
İstanbul, Türkiye
vedatakman@beykent.edu.tr
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9950-8223
This document provides an overview of unemployment in India. It begins with definitions of unemployment and discusses the types, causes, and effects of unemployment. It then outlines several government programs and policies aimed at increasing employment, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. The document concludes by summarizing India's goals for employment in the 11th Five Year Plan, including creating new jobs and reducing unemployment rates.
This document discusses unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and describes how it is measured. It also discusses different types of unemployment like frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. The document then provides unemployment rates in India from 2002 to 2011. It discusses various government schemes to reduce unemployment like NREGA, SGRY, SGSY, PMEGP, and others. Finally, it discusses concepts like NAIRU and possible solutions to different types of unemployment.
Unemployment Problem and Global Financing Related to COVID-19 EpidemicVedat Akman
AKMAN HÜSEYİN VEDAT,KIZIL CEVDET (2020). Unemployment Problem and Global Financing Related to COVID-19 Epidemic. International Asian Congress of Contemporary Sciences - IV (Tam Metin Bildiri/Sözlü Sunum)
This document discusses measures of unemployment in India. It provides background on unemployment levels in India and some of the key reasons for unemployment, such as a rising population, lack of skilled candidates, and advanced technology reducing available jobs. It then outlines several policies and programs established by the Indian government to address unemployment, including MGNREGA, PMEGP, SGSY, and SJSRY. These programs aim to generate employment opportunities in rural and urban areas through self-employment initiatives and public works programs.
This document discusses unemployment in Pakistan. It defines unemployment and outlines the main types, including cyclical, frictional, technological, and seasonal unemployment. It notes that Pakistan's unemployment rate has increased from 5.4% in 1994-95 to 6.5% in 2012. Rural areas have higher unemployment than urban areas. The document then examines the causes of unemployment in Pakistan, effects on individuals, society, and politics, as well as potential solutions and advantages/disadvantages of unemployment. It concludes that reducing unemployment is important for Pakistan's prosperity through labor-intensive industries and self-reliance policies.
Impact of Low Social Spending on Human Development: Regional Disparity in Utt...inventionjournals
he objective of the paper is to describe the low status of human development and increasing intrastate
disparity regarding all the development indicators across the districts and regions in the state. The low
income levels keep the expenditure on social sector at a low level which results in low status of human
development. On the other hand, the low status of human development acts as a major economic constraint on
economic development of the state. The state presents a dismal scenario with regard to both economic growth
and human development. It is characterized by low levels of per capita income, high incidence of poverty,
sluggish economic growth, high population pressure along with high rates of population growth, high birth and
fertility rates, widespread illiteracy, high infant mortality and death rates and low life expectancy. Social sector
expenditure in U.P. is lower even as compared to other backward states. This was true for the different
components of social sector as well. These figures are reflective of the low priority to social sector given by the
policy makers in the state and underscore the need of substantial improvement in levels of social sector
expenditure in U.P.
The contents include;
Defining unemployment
key points
types of unemployment
measuring unemployment
effects of unemployment
reducing unemployment
unemployment in Pakistan
causes and effects of unemployment
solution of unemployment
impacts of covid 19 on unemployment
The document discusses the business environment and policies in India. It describes how the business environment can be classified based on time, space, forces, and factors. It then introduces the interaction matrix, a tool to understand relationships between economic and non-economic environmental factors. Finally, it characterizes India's economy as underdeveloped, developing, and mixed, noting trends in per capita income, occupational distribution, trade, and institutional development that support India's classification as a developing economy with a mixed public-private model.
This document discusses the demographic trends in India and their implications. It notes that India's population has grown significantly from 350 million at independence to over 1 billion currently. It is projected to reach 1.25 billion in the next 4 years. This will result in a large young working population that can boost economic growth if proper conditions are created. However, it may also strain urban infrastructure and amenities unless cities are developed adequately. Overall, the rising population underscores the need for increased investment in education, healthcare, job creation and urban development to harness the demographic dividend for India's progress.
The document discusses employment, unemployment, and policies related to employment in India. It notes that employment generation declined in the mid-1990s but increased in the late 1990s and 2000s. The majority of employment is in the primary sector, with decreasing shares in agriculture and increasing shares in secondary and tertiary sectors over time. Unemployment, both rural and urban, has increased over the decades. Causes of unemployment include slow economic growth, population growth, and inadequate employment planning. Measures to address unemployment and underemployment focus on high economic growth, increasing investment, rural development, rural industrialization, and education and skill development.
The document discusses the growing gaps between jobs, investments, and infrastructure in India and the failure of government programs to create sufficient jobs. It notes that while the BJP promised to create millions of new jobs, actual job creation has declined sharply from 11 lakh new jobs in 2010 to less than 1.5 lakh in 2016. Government programs like Skill India, Make in India, and Startup India that aimed to boost jobs have largely been unsuccessful due to faulty design and poor implementation. As a result, India faces a looming "demographic disaster" if the trend of insufficient job creation is not reversed.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a report on the real state of the Indian economy in 2017 from the perspective of the Indian National Congress. Some key points:
- The report aims to present an accurate assessment of India's economic performance using data and expert inputs, as an alternative to the Economic Survey presented by the government.
- It highlights that job creation is the most important indicator of economic performance, yet official data shows a decline in new jobs created from around 11 lakh per year in 2010 to less than 1.5 lakh in 2016.
- Demonetization has further slowed economic growth and job creation, with experts estimating a 1-2% drop in GDP growth, costing 1.
Building Economics Group Presentation SlidesMelvin Lim
The document provides details of a proposed 20-storey office development with commercial space and an underground basement located at Cecil Telok Ayer Street. It includes a site plan, elevations, cost plan, benchmark comparisons, and proposed materials for construction. The total gross floor area is 77,162 square meters with an estimated total gross development cost of RM354,855,400. Green features and materials are proposed to achieve a green rating for the development.
The document discusses unemployment in Bangladesh. It defines unemployment as people without jobs who have actively looked for work in the past four weeks. Unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed but seeking work. There are different types of unemployment including structural, frictional, cyclical, and seasonal. Unemployment is a major problem in Bangladesh with high rates of unemployment, especially among educated youth and women. Possible solutions proposed include developing long-term employment strategies, identifying growing industries and needed skills, and creating public works programs.
Economic reasons for high unemployment in pakistanMohammadOsama39
This document discusses unemployment in Pakistan. It provides background on unemployment rates and types in Pakistan. Some key points:
- Unemployment in Pakistan is over 12% which equates to over 113 million people. The rate has increased in recent years.
- Major causes of unemployment include a declining agriculture sector due to technology and water issues, a lack of investment and economic crisis, and rapid population growth.
- Types of unemployment discussed include frictional, structural, natural rate, and demand deficient unemployment.
- Pakistan's unemployment rates have fluctuated over the past few decades from a low of 3.13% to a high of 8.27%. Rates are higher for youth and decrease with age.
This document provides an overview of unemployment and related economic concepts. It defines unemployment as when a person is available and willing to work but remains unhired. Several types of unemployment are described, including frictional, structural, seasonal, cyclical, classical, technological, and hidden unemployment. Ways to overcome different types of unemployment are outlined, such as retraining workers, increasing demand, and making labor markets more flexible. Finally, the economic costs of unemployment are mentioned, such as costs to individuals, families, local economies, and the overall economy when unemployment rates are high.
This document provides an overview and summary of unemployment in India presented by Abhishek Agrawal. It begins with defining unemployment and noting India's large unemployment and poverty issues. It then discusses different types of unemployment including frictional, voluntary, casual, chronic, seasonal, disguised, structural, cyclical, and technological unemployment. It also examines the nature of unemployment in India including industrial, urban, rural, educated and disguised unemployment. The document outlines ways to measure unemployment and concludes by reviewing some of the key causes of unemployment in India such as jobless growth, increasing labor force, inappropriate technology, and educational system.
This document discusses unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and outlines the main types: demand deficient, frictional, structural, and voluntary. It then examines the causes of unemployment in India including large population, lack of skills, and slow private investment. The impacts are also explored such as increased poverty and crime. The government has implemented initiatives to address unemployment like rural development programs, self-employment training schemes, and employment guarantee programs. Solutions involve improving education, expanding employment services, and promoting full employment.
The document discusses unemployment in India. It provides current unemployment rates in India and by state. It defines unemployment and different types of unemployment such as seasonal, structural, cyclical, and technological unemployment. The major causes of unemployment in India include a large population, slow economic and industrial growth compared to population growth, the seasonal nature of agricultural work, the joint family system, and lack of education and job skills. Schemes to address unemployment include MGNREGA, which guarantees 100 days of paid work per year.
Unemployment Problem and Global Financing Related to COVID-19 EpidemicVedat Akman
International Asian Congress of Contemporary Sciences - IV
Haziran 26-28, 2020
Baku, Azerbaijan/ Khazar University
https://www.asyakongresi.org/
“Unemployment Problem and Global Financing Related to COVID-19 Epidemic”
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi H. Vedat AKMAN / Beykent Üniversitesi, İİBF, Finans ve Bankacılık Bölümü
İstanbul, Türkiye
vedatakman@beykent.edu.tr
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9950-8223
This document provides an overview of unemployment in India. It begins with definitions of unemployment and discusses the types, causes, and effects of unemployment. It then outlines several government programs and policies aimed at increasing employment, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. The document concludes by summarizing India's goals for employment in the 11th Five Year Plan, including creating new jobs and reducing unemployment rates.
This document discusses unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and describes how it is measured. It also discusses different types of unemployment like frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. The document then provides unemployment rates in India from 2002 to 2011. It discusses various government schemes to reduce unemployment like NREGA, SGRY, SGSY, PMEGP, and others. Finally, it discusses concepts like NAIRU and possible solutions to different types of unemployment.
Unemployment Problem and Global Financing Related to COVID-19 EpidemicVedat Akman
AKMAN HÜSEYİN VEDAT,KIZIL CEVDET (2020). Unemployment Problem and Global Financing Related to COVID-19 Epidemic. International Asian Congress of Contemporary Sciences - IV (Tam Metin Bildiri/Sözlü Sunum)
This document discusses measures of unemployment in India. It provides background on unemployment levels in India and some of the key reasons for unemployment, such as a rising population, lack of skilled candidates, and advanced technology reducing available jobs. It then outlines several policies and programs established by the Indian government to address unemployment, including MGNREGA, PMEGP, SGSY, and SJSRY. These programs aim to generate employment opportunities in rural and urban areas through self-employment initiatives and public works programs.
This document discusses unemployment in Pakistan. It defines unemployment and outlines the main types, including cyclical, frictional, technological, and seasonal unemployment. It notes that Pakistan's unemployment rate has increased from 5.4% in 1994-95 to 6.5% in 2012. Rural areas have higher unemployment than urban areas. The document then examines the causes of unemployment in Pakistan, effects on individuals, society, and politics, as well as potential solutions and advantages/disadvantages of unemployment. It concludes that reducing unemployment is important for Pakistan's prosperity through labor-intensive industries and self-reliance policies.
Impact of Low Social Spending on Human Development: Regional Disparity in Utt...inventionjournals
he objective of the paper is to describe the low status of human development and increasing intrastate
disparity regarding all the development indicators across the districts and regions in the state. The low
income levels keep the expenditure on social sector at a low level which results in low status of human
development. On the other hand, the low status of human development acts as a major economic constraint on
economic development of the state. The state presents a dismal scenario with regard to both economic growth
and human development. It is characterized by low levels of per capita income, high incidence of poverty,
sluggish economic growth, high population pressure along with high rates of population growth, high birth and
fertility rates, widespread illiteracy, high infant mortality and death rates and low life expectancy. Social sector
expenditure in U.P. is lower even as compared to other backward states. This was true for the different
components of social sector as well. These figures are reflective of the low priority to social sector given by the
policy makers in the state and underscore the need of substantial improvement in levels of social sector
expenditure in U.P.
The contents include;
Defining unemployment
key points
types of unemployment
measuring unemployment
effects of unemployment
reducing unemployment
unemployment in Pakistan
causes and effects of unemployment
solution of unemployment
impacts of covid 19 on unemployment
The document discusses the business environment and policies in India. It describes how the business environment can be classified based on time, space, forces, and factors. It then introduces the interaction matrix, a tool to understand relationships between economic and non-economic environmental factors. Finally, it characterizes India's economy as underdeveloped, developing, and mixed, noting trends in per capita income, occupational distribution, trade, and institutional development that support India's classification as a developing economy with a mixed public-private model.
This document discusses the demographic trends in India and their implications. It notes that India's population has grown significantly from 350 million at independence to over 1 billion currently. It is projected to reach 1.25 billion in the next 4 years. This will result in a large young working population that can boost economic growth if proper conditions are created. However, it may also strain urban infrastructure and amenities unless cities are developed adequately. Overall, the rising population underscores the need for increased investment in education, healthcare, job creation and urban development to harness the demographic dividend for India's progress.
The document discusses employment, unemployment, and policies related to employment in India. It notes that employment generation declined in the mid-1990s but increased in the late 1990s and 2000s. The majority of employment is in the primary sector, with decreasing shares in agriculture and increasing shares in secondary and tertiary sectors over time. Unemployment, both rural and urban, has increased over the decades. Causes of unemployment include slow economic growth, population growth, and inadequate employment planning. Measures to address unemployment and underemployment focus on high economic growth, increasing investment, rural development, rural industrialization, and education and skill development.
The document discusses the growing gaps between jobs, investments, and infrastructure in India and the failure of government programs to create sufficient jobs. It notes that while the BJP promised to create millions of new jobs, actual job creation has declined sharply from 11 lakh new jobs in 2010 to less than 1.5 lakh in 2016. Government programs like Skill India, Make in India, and Startup India that aimed to boost jobs have largely been unsuccessful due to faulty design and poor implementation. As a result, India faces a looming "demographic disaster" if the trend of insufficient job creation is not reversed.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a report on the real state of the Indian economy in 2017 from the perspective of the Indian National Congress. Some key points:
- The report aims to present an accurate assessment of India's economic performance using data and expert inputs, as an alternative to the Economic Survey presented by the government.
- It highlights that job creation is the most important indicator of economic performance, yet official data shows a decline in new jobs created from around 11 lakh per year in 2010 to less than 1.5 lakh in 2016.
- Demonetization has further slowed economic growth and job creation, with experts estimating a 1-2% drop in GDP growth, costing 1.
Building Economics Group Presentation SlidesMelvin Lim
The document provides details of a proposed 20-storey office development with commercial space and an underground basement located at Cecil Telok Ayer Street. It includes a site plan, elevations, cost plan, benchmark comparisons, and proposed materials for construction. The total gross floor area is 77,162 square meters with an estimated total gross development cost of RM354,855,400. Green features and materials are proposed to achieve a green rating for the development.
The document discusses unemployment in Bangladesh. It defines unemployment as people without jobs who have actively looked for work in the past four weeks. Unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed but seeking work. There are different types of unemployment including structural, frictional, cyclical, and seasonal. Unemployment is a major problem in Bangladesh with high rates of unemployment, especially among educated youth and women. Possible solutions proposed include developing long-term employment strategies, identifying growing industries and needed skills, and creating public works programs.
The document discusses population density and distribution in Bangladesh. It provides population statistics for Bangladesh and its divisions. Dhaka has the highest population density at 1751 people per square kilometer, while Barisal has the lowest at 613. Population distribution is influenced by factors like natural resources, climate, and economic development. High population density and unequal distribution create numerous problems for Bangladesh like overpopulation, environmental issues, difficulties providing education, healthcare, housing, and employment to all citizens. Traffic congestion is also a major problem, especially in Dhaka. Solutions proposed include proper utilization of resources and people, education, industrialization of rural areas, and exporting manpower.
The document is a presentation on unemployment in Bangladesh that discusses:
- The current unemployment rate is 13% which is about 2 crore (20 million) people.
- The types of unemployment include rural, urban, educated, and unemployed women.
- The causes of unemployment include overpopulation, poverty, lack of skilled workers and training opportunities.
- Solutions proposed are rapid industrialization, expanding technical/vocational training, development programs, increasing opportunities for women, and sending more workers abroad.
- Both government organizations and non-profits have important roles to play in reducing unemployment through employment services, education, job creation initiatives, and workforce development programs.
Construction involves the building or assembling of infrastructure through a complex, multistep process. It requires effective planning and coordination between design teams, financial advisors, and contractors to ensure projects are completed safely, on budget, and meet environmental standards. There are two main types of construction - building construction which includes homes and commercial buildings, and industrial construction for specialized facilities. Large projects require managing numerous interdependent tasks and integrating input from various experts.
This document defines unemployment and discusses its types, causes, impacts, and potential solutions. It states that unemployment refers to capable and willing workers who cannot find employment. The types of unemployment mentioned include voluntary, involuntary, seasonal, permanent, agricultural, and industrial. Some of the listed causes are age, vocational unfitness, illiteracy, lack of industrial development, modern technology, and political instability. Impacts include personal disorganization, reduced self-respect, wastage of capabilities, increased poverty, crime, and extremism. Suggested solutions center around increasing education, technical skills, industrialization, political stability, and economic development programs.
unemployment problem in Bangladesh ansaransar 1310
This presentation discusses the unemployment problem in Bangladesh. It defines unemployment and identifies several types, including involuntary and voluntary unemployment. The causes of unemployment in Bangladesh are explored, and statistics are provided on the current unemployment rate and projections. The effects of unemployment on society are addressed. Finally, potential solutions to the unemployment problem in Bangladesh are examined.
The document discusses key concepts in managerial economics. It defines managerial economics as the application of economic analysis to business decision making. A business faces an economic problem of scarce resources and unlimited wants. It must make decisions around what, how, how much and for whom to produce. Managerial economists help study the business environment, operations, create economic intelligence and raise public awareness. Common objectives for firms include profit maximization, sales maximization, and growth maximization. Demand is determined by factors like price, income, tastes and expectations. The law of demand states that demand is inversely related to price, with assumptions and exceptions.
Unemployment is a major problem in Bangladesh that is increasing each year. Several factors contribute to unemployment, including a large population, lack of adequate job creation, and underemployment in the agricultural sector. Unemployment leads to numerous social issues for Bangladesh such as increased poverty, crime, urban overpopulation, decreased GDP, and lower standards of living. While the government and NGOs have job training and small business programs, unemployment continues to rise significantly each year and poses a serious challenge for Bangladesh's economy and society.
Unemployment in Bangladesh: Challenges and prospects Md Jakir Hossaion
Unemployment is a major problem in Bangladesh due to its large and growing population. Each year, many students graduate from universities but the government fails to generate enough jobs to meet demand. Unemployment occurs when people are able and willing to work but cannot find employment. There are several types of unemployment including seasonal, frictional, and structural. Currently, unemployment is estimated at 30 million people in Bangladesh and is projected to reach 60 million by 2015. High population growth and lack of skills and job opportunities are key contributors to unemployment. Minimizing unemployment will require expanding vocational training, improving education, promoting self-employment and reviving small industries.
UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH PRESENTATION Synthia Ahamed
Unemployment is a major problem in Bangladesh, with an estimated 30 million unemployed people and the rate increasing by 3.7% annually. There are several types of unemployment, including involuntary, voluntary, and transient. Causes of unemployment include population growth, lack of investment, limited land for farming, and deficiencies in the education system. To address this issue, the document recommends establishing more factories and businesses to create jobs, providing vocational training programs, and encouraging self-employment opportunities to reduce the unemployment rate in Bangladesh.
This document is a report on population problems in Bangladesh submitted by four students to their professor. It discusses the rapid growth of Bangladesh's population, which has led to several issues including environmental degradation, traffic congestion, power shortages, lack of adequate housing, educational challenges, unemployment, and noise pollution. The population density is very high and nearly half the population lives on less than $1 per day, indicating that overpopulation is straining resources and contributing to widespread poverty in Bangladesh. The report analyzes the impacts and challenges posed by high population growth in the country.
Scarcity refers to limited resources being unable to meet unlimited wants. Economics tries to solve the problem of scarcity by determining how to distribute limited resources to best meet wants. Goods are tangible items while services are activities performed for others. Factors of production include land, labor, and capital. Land represents natural resources, labor is work done for pay, and capital includes physical assets like buildings and equipment as well as human capital like education and skills.
Bangladesh has a tropical climate with mild winters, hot summers, and monsoon rains. Its population of over 162 million has a high birth rate and density of over 1,000 people per square kilometer. Agriculture, specifically crops like rice and tea, forms the backbone of Bangladesh's economy, though ready-made garments are also a key export. Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan in 1971 and has since faced political instability and challenges with poverty, but its economy has grown in recent decades.
The document discusses motivation and factors influencing entrepreneurship. It notes that motivation is important for management and initiates and guides goal-oriented behavior. Both internal factors like ambition and external factors like government support can influence entrepreneurship. The document also examines different motivations for becoming an entrepreneur such as making money, continuing family business, or being creative. It explores measures of entrepreneurial success and how success of a venture can be its own reward.
Unemployment is a major challenge in India. There are several types of unemployment including rural unemployment like seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment, and urban unemployment like educated unemployment, industrial unemployment, and structural unemployment. The causes of unemployment include slow economic growth that has not created enough jobs, a growing labor force due to population increase and changing attitudes, the adoption of capital-intensive technologies inappropriate for India's situation, the caste system, low savings and investment rates, ineffective economic planning, the joint family system, seasonality in agriculture, and gender disparities. Unemployment leads to underutilization of human resources and hardship.
Unemployment is a major challenge in India. There are several types of unemployment including rural unemployment like seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment, and urban unemployment like educated unemployment, industrial unemployment, and structural unemployment. The causes of unemployment include slow economic growth that has not created enough jobs, a growing labor force due to population increase and changing attitudes, the adoption of capital-intensive technologies inappropriate for India's situation, the caste system, low savings and investment rates, ineffective economic planning, the joint family system, seasonality in agriculture, and gender disparities. Unemployment leads to underutilization of human resources and hardship.
Unemployment is a major challenge in India. There are several types of unemployment including rural unemployment like seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment, as well as urban unemployment such as educated unemployment, industrial unemployment, and structural unemployment. The causes of unemployment include slow economic growth that has not created enough jobs, a growing labor force due to population increase, the use of inappropriate capital-intensive technologies, the caste system, low savings and investment rates, ineffective economic planning, the joint family system, seasonality in agriculture, and gender disparities. Unemployment has remained a persistent problem in India despite efforts to address it.
The document presents a report on unemployment prepared by a macroeconomics group for their professor. It defines unemployment and notes that India faces a large problem with unemployment. It classifies unemployment into voluntary and involuntary types and lists some common forms of unemployment like cyclical, sudden, industry/business failure-related, and seasonal unemployment. It discusses some causes of unemployment in India like population growth, business cycles, industry closures, and educational system defects. It provides some statistics on projected unemployment in India by 2020 and notes the impacts of unemployment like a gap between potential and actual GDP. It concludes with defining stagflation.
The document discusses unemployment in India, defining it as when a person actively seeking work is unable to find a job. It provides details on different types of unemployment in India like seasonal and structural unemployment. Causes mentioned include lack of education and skills, a large unorganized sector, and rapid population growth. The impacts of unemployment include increased poverty and crime. The government has implemented various schemes to address unemployment like MGNREGA, PMKVY, and Start Up India.
The document discusses unemployment in India, defining it as when a person actively seeking work is unable to find a job. It provides details on different types of unemployment in India like seasonal and structural unemployment. Causes mentioned include lack of education and skills, a large unorganized sector, and rapid population growth. The impacts of unemployment include increased poverty and crime. The government has implemented various schemes to address unemployment like MGNREGA, PMKVY, and Start Up India.
The document discusses unemployment in India, defining it as when a person actively seeking work is unable to find a job. It provides details on different types of unemployment in India like seasonal and structural unemployment. Causes mentioned include lack of education and skills, a large unorganized sector, and rapid population growth. The impacts of unemployment include increased poverty and crime. The government has implemented various schemes to address unemployment like MGNREGA, PMKVY, and Startup India.
The document discusses unemployment and its relationship to child labor. It begins by defining unemployment and outlining its various classifications, including frictional, cyclical, structural, natural, and disguised unemployment. Seasonal and underemployment are also mentioned. Causes of unemployment including population growth, inflation, recession, and lack of skills are provided. The effects on individuals and society are then summarized. The document concludes by describing various government policies and programs aimed at reducing unemployment such as NREGA, IRDP, SGRY, and PMEGP. Child labor is then defined and global statistics on child labor prevalence internationally are presented.
The document discusses increasing unemployment rates and reasons for unemployment. It notes private sector employment has been negative for 10 years, with 8 million jobs lost during the recession. Unemployment duration and rates are at record highs. Reducing unemployment will require stimulating all three engines of the economy - consumers, businesses, and government - as each are currently struggling. The document proposes a non-profit jobs program as a potential "fourth engine" to reduce unemployment.
Poverty and unemployment in india by Abhishek Lahiryabhisheklahiry
The document discusses the concepts of poverty and unemployment in India, their relationship, and efforts to reduce them. It provides historical data showing that poverty in India peaked in the 1960s and has declined since economic reforms in the 1990s, but still impacts hundreds of millions who lack basic necessities. Unemployment averages around 9% and is caused by factors like population growth, low agricultural productivity, and lack of skills development. Several government programs have aimed to reduce poverty through rural development, employment guarantees, and self-employment initiatives, but more remains to be done to educate citizens and implement effective policies.
The document discusses unemployment in India, including its types, causes, impacts, and remedies. It defines unemployment and notes it is a serious problem in India due to issues like high population growth and slow economic growth. The types of unemployment discussed include rural unemployment like seasonal and disguised unemployment, as well urban unemployment such as industrial and educated unemployment. Causes mentioned include large population, inadequate education and skills, low investments, and regressive social norms. Impacts include increased poverty, crime, and loss of human resources. Remedies suggested are expanding rural employment programs, modernizing agriculture, developing non-farm rural activities, and promoting self-employment and small industries.
The unemployment rate in India has increased significantly according to recent data, reaching 12.81% in June 2021. There are several types of unemployment that exist in India, including structural unemployment caused by a mismatch of skills and available jobs. Large population, lack of vocational skills, and inadequate economic growth are some of the major causes of unemployment. The government has implemented various initiatives to help generate employment such as MGNREGA, PMKVY, Startup India, and Stand Up India schemes.
This document is a student term paper on youth unemployment in Nigeria. It begins with an introduction discussing global unemployment trends and how some countries have effectively addressed it while others like Nigeria have struggled. It then covers various topics related to unemployment in Nigeria in detail over multiple sections, including: defining unemployment; categorizing types of unemployment; reviewing literature on causes and theories of unemployment; examining unemployment data and trends in Nigeria specifically among youth; implications of high youth unemployment such as increased crime; and factors contributing to unemployment in Nigeria like rapid population growth, low education standards, lack of infrastructure, corruption, and more. The paper aims to explore and analyze the issue of unemployment in Nigeria in great depth.
This document discusses rural unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and outlines unemployment rates in various countries. Rural unemployment is defined as able-bodied persons willing to work being unable to find employment. The main types of unemployment discussed are seasonal, structural, and disguised unemployment. The document then examines the causes of rural unemployment in India, including rapid population growth, pressure on agricultural land, and poverty. Finally, the consequences of rural unemployment are mentioned, such as wastage of human resources and increased pressure on scarce resources.
The document discusses localization and globalization from business and economic perspectives. It argues that while globalization has helped reduce poverty in countries like China, there are still imbalances between countries' economic development through globalization. Local governments should adopt business models of localization/glocalization to maximize national development and address disparities caused by globalization. Global companies prioritize localization when entering new markets to generate profit, and local governments could similarly adjust globalization activities through domestic trade policies.
This document discusses educated unemployment in Kerala, India through a case study of Thodiyoor Panchayath. It outlines that unemployment is a major issue in Kerala, particularly among educated youth. The objectives of the study are to examine unemployment levels among educated youth in Thodiyoor Panchayath and to assess the role of self-help groups and panchayath programs in addressing unemployment. The methodology includes collecting primary data through questionnaires and secondary data from panchayath officials about existing programs.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
An accounting information system (AIS) refers to tools and systems designed for the collection and display of accounting information so accountants and executives can make informed decisions.
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcripttscdzuip
办理美国UNCC毕业证书制作北卡大学夏洛特分校假文凭定制Q微168899991做UNCC留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UNCC成绩单GPA做UNCC假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请北卡罗莱纳大学夏洛特分校University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptxILC- UK
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
Joanna Elson CBE, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Age
Tom Evans, Managing Director of Retirement, Canada Life
Steve Groves, Chair, Key Retirement Group
Tish Hanifan, Founder and Joint Chair of the Society of Later life Advisers
Sue Lewis, ILC Trustee
Siobhan Lough, Senior Consultant, Hymans Robertson
Mick McAteer, Co-Director, The Financial Inclusion Centre
Stuart McDonald MBE, Head of Longevity and Democratic Insights, LCP
Anusha Mittal, Managing Director, Individual Life and Pensions, M&G Life
Shelley Morris, Senior Project Manager, Living Pension, Living Wage Foundation
Sarah O'Grady, Journalist
Will Sherlock, Head of External Relations, M&G Plc
Daniela Silcock, Head of Policy Research, Pensions Policy Institute
David Sinclair, Chief Executive, ILC
Jordi Skilbeck, Senior Policy Advisor, Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association
Rt Hon Sir Stephen Timms, former Chair, Work & Pensions Committee
Nigel Waterson, ILC Trustee
Jackie Wells, Strategy and Policy Consultant, ILC Strategic Advisory Board
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
The Rise and Fall of Ponzi Schemes in America.pptxDiana Rose
Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
4. Eric Dalius and Saivian: Eric Dalius, a prominent figure behind Saivian, a cashback program promising high returns, is under scrutiny for allegedly orchestrating a Ponzi scheme. Saivian enticed investors with promises of up to 20% cash back on everyday purchases. However, investigations suggest that the returns were paid using new investments rather than legitimate profits. The collapse of Saivian l
How to Invest in Cryptocurrency for Beginners: A Complete GuideDaniel
Cryptocurrency is digital money that operates independently of a central authority, utilizing cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments (fiat currencies), cryptocurrencies are decentralized and typically operate on a technology called blockchain. Each cryptocurrency transaction is recorded on a public ledger, ensuring transparency and security.
Cryptocurrencies can be used for various purposes, including online purchases, investment opportunities, and as a means of transferring value globally without the need for intermediaries like banks.
Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance36 Crypto
Learn in-depth about Dogecoin's trajectory and stay informed with 36crypto's essential and up-to-date information about the crypto space.
Our presentation delves into Dogecoin's potential future, exploring whether it's destined to skyrocket to the moon or face a downward spiral. In addition, it highlights invaluable insights. Don't miss out on this opportunity to enhance your crypto understanding!
https://36crypto.com/the-future-of-dogecoin-how-high-can-this-cryptocurrency-reach/
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
KYC Compliance: A Cornerstone of Global Crypto Regulatory FrameworksAny kyc Account
This presentation explores the pivotal role of KYC compliance in shaping and enforcing global regulations within the dynamic landscape of cryptocurrencies. Dive into the intricate connection between KYC practices and the evolving legal frameworks governing the crypto industry.
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdfshruti1menon2
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
Importance: NIM serves as a critical measure of a financial institution's profitability and operational efficiency. It reflects how effectively the institution is utilizing its interest-earning assets to generate income while managing interest costs.
New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy VisaAmit Kakkar
Discover essential details about Thailand's recent visa policy changes, tailored for tourists and students. Amit Kakkar Easy Visa provides a comprehensive overview of new requirements, application processes, and tips to ensure a smooth transition for all travelers.
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Building Economics assaignment.
1. Building Economics
Final Submission of………
1. Unemployment problem & Solution in Bangladesh.
Submitted by…….
Name: Akramul hoque
Roll: 2013200600018.
Batch: 10th
.
Semester: Summer, 2016.
Department of Architecture, Southeast University.
Dhaka-1215.
2. History of unemployment in Bangladesh
Historically for a long time British administration was the main cause of this problem. After ending
Mughol regime when British came in Sub continent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) they started to do
business, they exploited the sub-continent. They did not establish any Industry which is helpful to
remove the unemployment problem. Though some Industry was made but all of them were placed
in Indian Territory. So Bangladesh region was neglected from the British period. After ending British rule
in 1947 Pakistan adopted the same rule they established all kinds of Industry in West Pakistan not
in East Pakistan. As a result of Pakistani monopoly rule we saw the freedom fighting war in 1971. After
nine months continuous war it is divided and named East Pakistan as a Bangladesh. After
1971 Bangladesh has been facing political crisis badly. As a result no government can take long term
massive step to remove the unemployment problem. Within 37 years Bangladesh has experience about
eight new governments and two assassination incident at the top level country leader. So now political
crisis is one of the major causes of unemployment problem in Bangladesh. Among others two major
parties BNP and Aowamileague are busy to gain only political power. None of these parties are trying to
do anything to solve the country’s major problem “UNEMPLOYEMENT PROBLEM” Recent attitude and
activity of political parties are very hateful to the common people. By election if a party goes to power
then another party cannot accept that, they do not go to parliament they do not express constructive
opinion in the parliament which is helpful for common people. But they should not do it. May be there is
some discrimination of the election result but there are overall acceptation of the common people.
BANGLADESH: Unemployment, food prices spur growing hunger
Bangladesh will face greater food shortages in the coming years
Rising unemployment and food prices and a sluggish economy are taking their toll on Bangladesh, where
a growing number of people are struggling to survive.
“If I do not get work tomorrow or become ill, all my family members will go hungry,” said Nur Islam, a
45-year-old Dhaka resident who hauls a rickshaw around town for US$3 a day to feed his wife and three
children. About 40 percent of Bangladesh’s 160 million people live on less than $1 a day and are food
insecure, according to government figures, and a rapidly expanding population - combined with rising
unemployment, inflation, the economic slowdown and unpredictable weather-related disasters - is
leading the country deeper into a food crisis.
“In recent years, devastating cyclones and floods, the dramatic increase in food prices in 2008 and the
global recession have all impacted economic growth in Bangladesh, which in turn has led to a
deterioration of food security and the nutritional situation in the country,”
Emamul Haque,
Spokesperson for the World Food Programme (WFP) in Bangladesh.
According to WFP, the number of people who consume less than the minimum daily recommended
amount of food rose from 47 million in 1990, to 56 million in 2005. Following floods and Cyclone Sidr in
2007, that figure peaked in 2008 at 65 million.
“The lack of economic growth is the main reason for food insecurity in Bangladesh. Sometimes there is
availability of food, but the poor people do not have the purchasing power,”
Quazi Shahabuddin,
Researcher and former director-general of the
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies.
3. Types of Unemployment
1. Cyclical or Keynesian unemployment
The IS-LM Model is used to analyze the effect of demand shocks on the economy.
Cyclical or Keynesian unemployment, also known as deficient-demand unemployment, occurs when
there is not enough aggregate demand in the economy to provide jobs for everyone who wants to work.
Demand for most goods and services falls, less production is needed and consequently fewer workers
are needed, wages are sticky and do not fall to meet the equilibrium level, and mass unemployment
results.[48] Its name is derived from the frequent shifts in the business cycle although unemployment
can also be persistent as occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. With cyclical
unemployment, the number of unemployed workers exceeds the number of job vacancies, so that even
if full employment were attained and all open jobs were filled, some workers would still remain
unemployed.
2. Marxist theory of unemployment
It is in the very nature of the capitalist mode of production to overwork some workers while keeping the
rest as a reserve army of unemployed paupers.
According to Karl Marx, unemployment is inherent within the unstable capitalist system and periodic
crises of mass unemployment are to be expected. The function of the proletariat within the capitalist
system is to provide a "reserve army of labor" that creates downward pressure on wages. This is
accomplished by dividing the proletariat into surplus labor (employees) and under-employment
(unemployed). This reserve army of labor fight among themselves for scarce jobs at lower and lower
wages. At first glance, unemployment seems inefficient since unemployed workers do not increase
profits.
3 Involuntary unemployment
This conflict between the neoclassical and Keynesian theories has had strong influence on government
policy. The tendency for government is to curtail and eliminate unemployment through increases in
benefits and government jobs, and to encourage the job-seeker to both consider new careers and
relocation to another city.
4. Full employment
Some demand theory economists see the inflation barrier as corresponding to the natural rate of
unemployment. The "natural" rate of unemployment is defined as the rate of unemployment that exists
when the labor market is in equilibrium and there is pressure for neither rising inflation rates nor falling
inflation rates. An alternative technical term for this rate is the NAIRU or the Non-Accelerating Inflation
Rate of Unemployment.
5. Structural unemployment
Structural unemployment occurs when a labour market is unable to provide jobs for everyone who
wants one because there is a mismatch between the skills of the unemployed workers and the skills
needed for the available jobs.
Structural unemployment is hard to separate empirically from frictional unemployment, except to say
that it lasts longer. As with frictional unemployment, simple demand-side stimulus will not work to
easily abolish this type of unemployment.
6. Frictional unemployment
Frictional unemployment is the time period between jobs when a worker is searching for, or
transitioning from one job to another. It is sometimes called search unemployment and can be voluntary
based on the circumstances of the unemployed individual. Frictional unemployment is always present in
an economy, so the level of involuntary unemployment is properly the unemployment rate minus the
rate of frictional unemployment, which means that increases or decreases in unemployment are
normally under-represented in the simple statistics.
4. 7. Hidden unemployment
Hidden, or covered, unemployment is the unemployment of potential workers that is not reflected in
official unemployment statistics, due to the way the statistics are collected. In many countries only
those who have no work but are actively looking for work (and/or qualifying for social security benefits)
are counted as unemployed. Those who have given up looking for work (and sometimes those who are
on Government "retraining" programs) are not officially counted among the unemployed, even though
they are not employed.
8. Long-term unemployment
This is normally defined, for instance in European Union statistics, as unemployment lasting for longer
than one year. It is an important indicator of social exclusion. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports this
as U4 and U5.
Unemployment is turning into a very serious issue
According to a study of the International Labor Organization (ILO), the rate of growth of unemployment
in Bangladesh was 1.9 per cent in the decade of the nineties. But the growth in unemployment currently
is 3.7 per cent. The ILO figures also show Bangladesh in the twelfth position among the top twenty
countries in the world where unemployment is rising. The number of the unemployed
in Bangladesh now is estimated at 30 million. The way the rate of unemployment is increasing, it is
feared that at this rate unemployment would soar to some 60 million by 2015. According to another
estimate, every year some 2.7 million young persons are becoming eligible for jobs whereas only about
0.7 million of them are getting employment. The number of the 'disguised unemployed' an economic
term meaning underemployed people or employed to a degree less than their potential, is some 32
percent. The huge number of the unemployed and the underemployed in the workforce gives an idea of
the number of the parasitic ones in the population. Employed persons not only consume from the
economy but they also contribute to the economy through production activities and discharge of various
services. The unemployed people in contrast only live off the economy or their families and society.
They are an absolute burden on the state. Not only being liabilities in the economic sense, politically and
socially they are considered to be a source of tension and turmoil. The linkage between unemployment
and crimes is obvious. Therefore, all governments in Bangladesh will need to address the unemployment
issue very seriously indeed before it turns worse. The recent floods and the devastating Sidr storm plus
the restructuring activities leading to retrenchment of workers from state operated enterprises, have
added to the unemployment problem. Government will have to start up urgently different work
programmes like road building and repairs, reconstruction of infrastructures, etc., especially in the rural
areas and continue them for some time, to mitigate the worst woes of the jobless ones at the grass
roots level . But for the medium and longer terms, the present interim government which is doing
pathbreaking works in vital areas, should also adopt a plan of action to tackle unemployment. It can
start such a plan and leave gradual implementation of it to successor governments. Insufficient
investments have been frustrating the creation of new employment opportunities in Bangladesh.
Government here needs to identify each of the factors that can contribute to a better investment
climate. The same would include improvement of law and order, much lowering of the interest rate on
borrowings, addition to and up gradation of infrastructures to be supportive of enterprising, fiscal
policies that create level playing fields for local entrepreneurs in relation to foreign competitors, fiscal
incentives such as tax reduction and tax exemption, etc. Government will need to act imaginatively and
effectively in relation to each of the above factors and more to improve the investment climate that in
5. turn would accelerate economic activities and make the desired impact on the unemployment situation.
However, there is also a need to be clear about the policies to be pursued to create employment. New
enterprises will absorb the unemployed. But capital intensive enterprises will employ a smaller number
than labour intensive ones which will understandably employ a greater number. Thus, enterprise with
labour intensive character should be identified and encouraged. Government can make a big
contribution towards reducing unemployment by also building and operating a large number of training
institutions to train the jobless ones in different vocations for them to be fit enough to take up
employment in the country, to go abroad for doing jobs or to engage in self-employment. Government's
ample spending for skill development is all the more necessary because private sectors may prefer not
to invest in this area out of a consideration of low profits. The high costs of skill training under the
private sector is also likely to exclude most seekers of such training on the ground of their inability to
pay for the training. Thus, government's role as a skill trainer is very important. But government can
expect to recover the investments it will make in this area by receiving regular payments in installments
from people who would get jobs after such training.
Unemployment rateRate
5.1% (2009 est.)
4% (2008 est.)
note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many participants in the labor force work only a
few hours a week, at low wages
Year Unemployment rate Rank
Percent
Change
Date of Information
2003 40.00 % 12 2002 est.
2004 40.00 % 14 0.00 % 2002 est.
2005 40.00 % 178 0.00 % 2004 est.
2006 2.50 % 22 -93.75 % 2005 est.
2007 2.50 % 23 0.00 % 2006 est.
2008 2.50 % 27 0.00 % 2007 est.
2009 2.50 % 27 0.00 % 2008 est.
2010 5.10 % 46 104.00 % 2009 est.
Definition: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial
underemployment might be noted.
Methodology
The problem of unemployment is crucial as far as the world economic growth is concerned. There are
different types of unemployment like structural, cyclical, natural and frictional. This categorization of
unemployment is based on the various factors that result in unemployment.
Qualitative approaches were used to conduct the study. At first thirty drugs business and spots were
identified in Comilla town. During the spot visit, around 20 young addicted were identified. Of them
three cases were studied. Two focus group discussions were also made with the young addicted
persons, one in the selling spot and another in a neutral place. A sample size of thirty-five addicted
persons were given a structured questionnaire to quantify some aspect of drugs in Comilla. The
questionnaire consisted of thirty-eight questions related to drugs, addiction and the demographic
profile. Most of the questions were open-ended. The fieldwork continued for 20 days.
6. Findings
Bangladesh has been suffering from a sort of economic growth stagnation with its GDP growing
between 5.0 and 6.8 per cent for the last several years. At this moment, we need to adopt an
expansionary economic policy so that we can increase production, productivity and consequent
employment generation through higher investment. Inflation has to be reduced by increasing
productivity and supply and by decreasing average production cost. As a result, the overall national
production, per capital income, economic growth and employment opportunities will increase.
Conclusion
Unemployment is a great curse to a nation. We cannot expect the development of our country leaving
its millions of the people unemployment to survive as a boastful nation. We should make all out efforts
to get rid of this curse. Analysis of this study tries to indicate this phenomenon by focusing of the
skills/qualification (apart from degree, certificate, and diploma) that are considered as important for
graduates' employ ability by the corporate bodies of Bangladesh.
Source
. www.mobilefornews.blogspot.com
. Unemployment rate rank chart
Unemployment rate - comparative map
www.1888articles.com/unemployment-problem-in-bangladesh-0107822.html
www.oppapers.com/.../unemployment-problem-in-bangladesh-page1.html -
matrixsearches.com/article.php?id=153902&act=p
www.scribd.com/doc/17481892/Unemployment-1
www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/search_index.php?.]
Problem Facts and statistics about the Unemployment rate
of Bangladesh. msinbangladesh.blogspot.com/.../unemployment-problem-in-bangladesh.
www.indexmundi.com › Bangladesh › Economy –
classifieds1000.com/Bangladesh/Unemployment/unemployment_problem?...
www.cyberessays.com/.../unemployment-problem-in-Bangladesh/page180.htms
www.unescap.org/esid/meetings/migration/Bangladesh.pdf
www.blogtopsites.com/tag/unemployment+problem+in+bangladesh
https://www.cia.gov/library/.../the.../bg.html