The United Nations Secretariat is led by the Secretary-General and carries out the day-to-day work of the UN. It services the principal organs of the UN and implements their programs and policies. The Secretariat has over 43,000 staff members worldwide. As international civil servants, UN staff take an oath to be impartial and only take direction from the UN. The Secretary-General is appointed by the UN General Assembly for a five-year renewable term, on the recommendation of the Security Council. The Secretary-General oversees the Secretariat and represents the UN on global issues.
Objectives of the presentation
•To briefly discuss peacekeeping as a tool of the international community in conflict situations
•Its evolution in concept, practice and context - from traditional peacekeeping to peace support operations
•To discuss how inadequacies in peacekeeping triggered the development of the concept of peacebuilding
•Highlight some of notable dilemmas that international peacebuilding effort encounter in the face of continued humanitarian crisis & political uncertainty in conflict ravaged societies
PRESENTED AT THE SACCPS CONFERENCE
HELD IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA FROM 21 – 23 SEPTEMBER 2012.
Francis Kabosha, Copperbelt University, Zambia
Problems of UN Funding & Legal Issues Concerning PeacekeepingNilendra Kumar
Above two issues have been highlighted in this presentation made at the 11th Winter Course on International Law organized by Indian Society of International Law during Jan 2022.
Objectives of the presentation
•To briefly discuss peacekeeping as a tool of the international community in conflict situations
•Its evolution in concept, practice and context - from traditional peacekeeping to peace support operations
•To discuss how inadequacies in peacekeeping triggered the development of the concept of peacebuilding
•Highlight some of notable dilemmas that international peacebuilding effort encounter in the face of continued humanitarian crisis & political uncertainty in conflict ravaged societies
PRESENTED AT THE SACCPS CONFERENCE
HELD IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA FROM 21 – 23 SEPTEMBER 2012.
Francis Kabosha, Copperbelt University, Zambia
Problems of UN Funding & Legal Issues Concerning PeacekeepingNilendra Kumar
Above two issues have been highlighted in this presentation made at the 11th Winter Course on International Law organized by Indian Society of International Law during Jan 2022.
THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONSpaperpublications3
Abstract: The study looked at the creation of International Governmental Institutions (IGIs) with emphasis on the international cooperation; the development of IGIs, the development of the position of the international public official, how International Public Officials differ from National Public Officials, and how they conduct international public administration. This study concluded with giving the reader the importance of International Public Administration.
East Timor: The journey from political violence to personal security (2008-pr...Juana Brachet de Catheu
These are the slides are used at ODI (London) on 27 January 2015 to present our findings on the East Timor journey from political violence to personal security (2008-present): evidence of progress; drivers of progress; and challenges going forward. If the transition goes well after Prime Minister Gusmao's resignation in February 2015, it may prove our title "After the buffaloes clash" prescient... or premature! Time will tell...
THE UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT AND THE SECRETARY-GENERALpaperpublications3
Abstract: The study sought to understand the structure of the United Nations Secretariat and its Secretaries-General who have worked for this body since inception in 1945. The United Nations was formed after the League of Nations failed in its activities after World War II. The Secretariat of the UN is an international body that assembles personnel from various parts of the world whose duty it is to perform a considerable mass of work. These international staff works at Headquarters in New York, at the UN office in Geneva, at its complex in Vienna, in Nairobi, and in other international centers around the World.
THE ORIGIN OF THE POST OF THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC OFFICIALpaperpublications3
Abstract: This study established that the International Public Official (IPO) exists as a result of international agreements between sovereign states. Secondly, IPOs function exclusively in the interest of the international community, which comes about as a result of such agreements. Thirdly, IPOs do not belong to the administrative system of any state and have a special status.
Seminar with Christopher Michaelsen, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sidney, Australia - See more at: http://www.iai.it/en/eventi/role-non-permanent-members-united-nations-security-council
THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONSpaperpublications3
Abstract: The study looked at the creation of International Governmental Institutions (IGIs) with emphasis on the international cooperation; the development of IGIs, the development of the position of the international public official, how International Public Officials differ from National Public Officials, and how they conduct international public administration. This study concluded with giving the reader the importance of International Public Administration.
East Timor: The journey from political violence to personal security (2008-pr...Juana Brachet de Catheu
These are the slides are used at ODI (London) on 27 January 2015 to present our findings on the East Timor journey from political violence to personal security (2008-present): evidence of progress; drivers of progress; and challenges going forward. If the transition goes well after Prime Minister Gusmao's resignation in February 2015, it may prove our title "After the buffaloes clash" prescient... or premature! Time will tell...
THE UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT AND THE SECRETARY-GENERALpaperpublications3
Abstract: The study sought to understand the structure of the United Nations Secretariat and its Secretaries-General who have worked for this body since inception in 1945. The United Nations was formed after the League of Nations failed in its activities after World War II. The Secretariat of the UN is an international body that assembles personnel from various parts of the world whose duty it is to perform a considerable mass of work. These international staff works at Headquarters in New York, at the UN office in Geneva, at its complex in Vienna, in Nairobi, and in other international centers around the World.
THE ORIGIN OF THE POST OF THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC OFFICIALpaperpublications3
Abstract: This study established that the International Public Official (IPO) exists as a result of international agreements between sovereign states. Secondly, IPOs function exclusively in the interest of the international community, which comes about as a result of such agreements. Thirdly, IPOs do not belong to the administrative system of any state and have a special status.
Seminar with Christopher Michaelsen, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sidney, Australia - See more at: http://www.iai.it/en/eventi/role-non-permanent-members-united-nations-security-council
The KCLMUN Blue Book has been written as an intensive guide for beginners to MUN. Although it provides a good preparation for participating in any university-level MUN conference, it is designed to support the Society's weekly training sessions. Much of the MUN experience can only be understood when experienced at firsthand. Join your KCLMUN and experience it for yourself.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to understand how the United Nations (UN) functions and how the UN constitutes membership. It also delved into. The study provided a background to the establishment of the United Nations, its Charter and its purposes. Literature review included books on the UN System and its specialized agencies. It concluded with the structural organization of the UN and its Secretariat.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. Ban ki-moon(2007-present)
The Secretariat — an international staff working in duty stations around the world — carries out the
diverse day-to-day work of the Organization. It services the other principal organs of the United Nations
and administers the programmes and policies laid down by them. At its head is the Secretary-General,
who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year,
renewable term.
The duties carried out by the Secretariat are as varied as the problems dealt with by the United Nations.
These range from administering peacekeeping operations to mediating international disputes, from
surveying economic and social trends and problems to preparing studies on human rights and
sustainable development. Secretariat staffs also inform the world's communications media about the work
of the United Nations; organize international conferences on issues of worldwide concern; and interpret
speeches and translate documents into the Organization's official languages.
The Secretariat has around 43,000 staff members around the world (source: Secretary-General's report
A/67/329).
As international civil servants, staff members and the Secretary-General answer to the United Nations
alone for their activities, and take an oath not to seek or receive instructions from any Government or
outside authority. Under the Charter, each Member State undertakes to respect the exclusively
international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and to refrain from
seeking to influence them improperly in the discharge of their duties.
The United Nations, while headquartered in New York, maintains a significant presence in Addis Ababa,
Bangkok, Beirut, Geneva, Nairobi, Santiago and Vienna, and has offices all over the world.
The UN currently has 16 peace operations, deployed on four continents. Serving the cause of peace in a
violent world is a dangerous occupation. Since the founding of the United Nations, hundreds of brave
men and women have given their lives in its service.
THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S FIVE-YEAR ACTION AGENDA
25 JANUARY 2012
Generational Imperatives and Opportunities
1. Sustainable development
2. Prevention
3. Building a safer and more secure world by innovating and building on our core business
4. Supporting nations in transition
5. Working with and for women and young people
2. Role
The Secretary-General was envisioned by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a "world moderator",
but the vague definition provided by the UN Charter left much room for interpretation by those who would
later inhabit the position. According to the UN website, his roles are further defined as "diplomat and
advocate, civil servant, and CEO".[2] Nevertheless, this more abstract description has not prevented the
office holders from speaking out and playing important roles on global issues to various degrees.
Article 97 under Chapter XV of the UN Charter states that the Secretary-General shall be the "chief
administrative officer" of the Organization, but does not dictate his specific obligations.
Responsibilities of the Secretary-General are further outlined in Articles 98 through 100, which states that
he shall act as the officer "in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the
Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform other functions as are
entrusted to him by these organs". He is responsible, according to Article 99, for making an annual report
to the General Assembly as well as notifying the Security Council on matters which "in his opinion may
threaten the maintenance of international peace and security". Other than these few guidelines, little else
is dictated by the Charter. Interpretation of the Charter has varied between Secretaries-General, with
some being much more active than others.
The Secretary-General is highly dependent upon the support of the member states of the UN. "The
Secretary-General would fail if he did not take careful account of the concerns of Member States, but he
must also uphold the values and moral authority of the United Nations, and speak and act for peace, even
at the risk, from time to time, of challenging or disagreeing with those same Member States."[2]
"The personal skills of the Secretary-General and his staff are crucial to their function. The central
position of the UN headquarters in the international diplomatic network is also an important asset. The
Secretary-General has the right to place any dispute on the provisional agenda of the Security Council.
However, he works mostly behind the scenes if the members of the council are unwilling to discuss a
dispute. Most of his time is spent on good offices missions and mediation, sometimes at the request of
deliberative organs of the UN, but also frequently on his own initiative. His function may be frustrated,
replaced or supplemented by mediation efforts by the major powers. UN peacekeeping missions are often
closely linked to mediation (peacemaking). The recent improvement in relations between the permanent
members of the Security Council has strengthened the role of the Secretary-General as the world's most
reputable intermediary."[citation needed]
3. Residence
The official residence of the Secretary-General is a five-story townhouse in Sutton Place,
Manhattan, in New York City, United States. The townhouse was built for Anne Morgan in 1921,
and donated to the United Nations in 1972.[3]
Term and selection
Dag Hammarskjöld was a particularly active UN Secretary-General from 1953 until his death in 1961.
Hammarskjöld acted as a mediator during the Suez Crisis and the 1960 capture of a U.S. reconnaissance plane by
the USSR. He also established thefirst UN peacekeeping force that had been proposed by Canadian Minister of
External Affairs, Lester B. Pearson.
See also: United Nations Secretary-General selection, 2006
Secretaries General serve for five-year terms that can be renewed indefinitely, although none so far has
held office for more than two terms.[4]The United Nations Charter provides for the Secretary-General to be
appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of theSecurity Council. As a result, the
selection is subject to the veto of any of the five permanent Members of the Security Council. While the
appointment and approval process of the Secretary-General is outlined in the UN Charter, specific
guidelines have emerged regarding the term limits and selection process. These include a limit to two
five-year terms, regional (continental) rotation of the appointee’s national origin, and the appointee may
not be a citizen of any of the Security Council’s five permanent members.
The United Nations Charter mentions the Secretary-General in Chapter XV, Articles 97 to 101. Article 97
gives the General Assembly the task of appointing the Secretary General. However, the candidate must
be proposed by the Security Council. This implies that any Permanent Member of the Security Council
could wield its veto in opposition of the recommendation. Most Secretaries-General are compromise
candidates from middle powers and have little prior fame. Despite the Charter giving the General
Assembly provisions to influence the selection process, the chosen Secretaries-General reflect that the
selection process remains in the control of the P5.
The Secretary-General is also the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. Article 98 further
states that the Secretary-General is further tasked with supervising the operations of the Security Council,
General Assembly (GA), and the Economic and Social Council and is to “perform other such functions as
are entrusted to him by these organizations” In short, this gives him or her the further responsibility of
presiding over the meetings of these organs of the UN. Also contained in Article 98 is the responsibility of
4. the Secretary-General to compile annual reports concerning the UN’s progress, to be presented to
the General Assembly.
The Secretary-General has the power to alert the GA and the Security Council of any event he or she
sees as a security issue for the international system (according to Article 99). The Secretary-General,
along with the Secretariat, is given the prerogative to exhibit no allegiance to any state but to only the
United Nations organization: decisions must be made without regard to the state of origin.
In the early 1960s, Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev led an effort to abolish the Secretary-General
position. The numerical superiority of the Western powers combined with the one state, one vote system
meant that the Secretary-General would come from one of them, and would potentially be sympathetic
towards the West. Khrushchev proposed to replace the Secretary-General with a three-person leading
council (a "troika"): one member from the West, one from the Communist states, and one from the Non-
Aligned powers. This idea failed because the neutral powers failed to back the Soviet proposal.[5][6]