The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) by describing its origins and purposes. It then summarizes the key diagram types used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, statechart diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. For each diagram type, it provides a brief explanation of the notation and an example diagram to illustrate how it is used to model different aspects of a software system.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) by discussing its history and purposes. It then summarizes some key UML diagram types - use case diagrams, which illustrate system functionality and actor relationships; class diagrams, which show entity relationships; and sequence diagrams, which depict message flow between objects. Sample diagrams are presented for each type to demonstrate their components and how to read them.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. It can be used to model both software and non-software systems. The document discusses the history, features, diagrams and real-world applications of UML. It also covers advantages like being easy to understand and standardized, as well as disadvantages such as difficulty synchronizing models with code. Finally, it briefly describes several open source UML modeling tools.
The document discusses sequence diagrams, which show the interaction between objects and classes through a sequence of messages. Sequence diagrams are useful during the design phase to help understand system design and object interactions. They can also be used to document how existing systems work by showing the sequence of messages exchanged between objects.
Documenting Software Architectural Component and Connector with UML 2editor1knowledgecuddle
Earlierversions of the UML have been an out of depth for documenting software architectures like component, port, connector and system. Users have adopted conventions for representing architectural concepts using different grouping of UML modeling element. They can also create profiles to focus the UML. Changes incorporated in UML 2 have improved UML’s suitability for software architectural documentation, but UML is still an out of your depth for documenting some types of architectural information. In this paper, there is description of documenting component and connector using UML but in particular case, documenting architectural connectors and components remains problematic. Keywords: - component, connector
UML Interview Questions
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for designing and documenting a system in an object-oriented manner. It has nine diagrams which can be used in design documents to express the design of a software architecture. Use case diagrams depict what a system does from the user's perspective and answer "What will the system do?". They show actors, use cases, and scenarios. Class diagrams represent the static structure of a project by showing classes, attributes, methods, and relationships between classes like associations, generalization, and dependencies. Sequence diagrams show the interaction between objects over time by depicting messages passed between objects.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems. It uses various diagrams to model different views of a system, such as structural diagrams (e.g. class diagrams), behavioral diagrams (e.g. sequence diagrams), and deployment diagrams. The key building blocks of UML include things (classes, interfaces, use cases), relationships (associations, generalizations), and diagrams. UML aims to provide a clear blueprint of software systems for both technical and non-technical audiences.
A design pattern is a general solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. It is a
template to solve a problem that can be used in many different situations. Patterns formalize best practices
that the programmer can use to solve common problems when designing an application or systems. In this
article we have focused our attention on it, how the proposed UML diagrams can be implemented in C#
language and whether it is possible to make the diagram implementation in the program code with the
greatest possible precision.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) by discussing its history and purposes. It then summarizes some key UML diagram types - use case diagrams, which illustrate system functionality and actor relationships; class diagrams, which show entity relationships; and sequence diagrams, which depict message flow between objects. Sample diagrams are presented for each type to demonstrate their components and how to read them.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. It can be used to model both software and non-software systems. The document discusses the history, features, diagrams and real-world applications of UML. It also covers advantages like being easy to understand and standardized, as well as disadvantages such as difficulty synchronizing models with code. Finally, it briefly describes several open source UML modeling tools.
The document discusses sequence diagrams, which show the interaction between objects and classes through a sequence of messages. Sequence diagrams are useful during the design phase to help understand system design and object interactions. They can also be used to document how existing systems work by showing the sequence of messages exchanged between objects.
Documenting Software Architectural Component and Connector with UML 2editor1knowledgecuddle
Earlierversions of the UML have been an out of depth for documenting software architectures like component, port, connector and system. Users have adopted conventions for representing architectural concepts using different grouping of UML modeling element. They can also create profiles to focus the UML. Changes incorporated in UML 2 have improved UML’s suitability for software architectural documentation, but UML is still an out of your depth for documenting some types of architectural information. In this paper, there is description of documenting component and connector using UML but in particular case, documenting architectural connectors and components remains problematic. Keywords: - component, connector
UML Interview Questions
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for designing and documenting a system in an object-oriented manner. It has nine diagrams which can be used in design documents to express the design of a software architecture. Use case diagrams depict what a system does from the user's perspective and answer "What will the system do?". They show actors, use cases, and scenarios. Class diagrams represent the static structure of a project by showing classes, attributes, methods, and relationships between classes like associations, generalization, and dependencies. Sequence diagrams show the interaction between objects over time by depicting messages passed between objects.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems. It uses various diagrams to model different views of a system, such as structural diagrams (e.g. class diagrams), behavioral diagrams (e.g. sequence diagrams), and deployment diagrams. The key building blocks of UML include things (classes, interfaces, use cases), relationships (associations, generalizations), and diagrams. UML aims to provide a clear blueprint of software systems for both technical and non-technical audiences.
A design pattern is a general solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. It is a
template to solve a problem that can be used in many different situations. Patterns formalize best practices
that the programmer can use to solve common problems when designing an application or systems. In this
article we have focused our attention on it, how the proposed UML diagrams can be implemented in C#
language and whether it is possible to make the diagram implementation in the program code with the
greatest possible precision.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. It provides standard graphical notations for modeling structural and behavioral aspects of a system using diagrams. The key UML diagram types are structural diagrams (e.g. class, component), behavioral diagrams (e.g. use case, activity), and interaction diagrams (e.g. sequence, communication). UML was created through the unification of several popular modeling languages in the 1990s and is now managed by the Object Management Group.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. It describes the different types of UML diagrams including class diagrams, package diagrams, object diagrams, use case diagrams, deployment diagrams, statechart diagrams, and activity diagrams. It also outlines the various notations used to represent different modeling elements in UML like classes, objects, interfaces, packages, nodes, actors, states, and relationships between elements.
The document discusses various aspects of the design phase of software development including:
1. The design phase builds upon artifacts created in the analysis phase like use cases and conceptual models. Interaction diagrams are created to show how objects communicate and collaborate.
2. Real use cases describe detailed interface designs. Class diagrams summarize class definitions and relationships. Responsibilities are assigned to classes using patterns like expert, controller, and others.
3. Interaction diagrams illustrate object interactions and are dependent on prior artifacts. Collaboration and sequence diagrams represent different notation for the same interactions. Guidelines are provided for creating interaction diagrams.
The document discusses database design concepts including the entity-relationship model, normalization, and functional dependencies. It provides descriptions of key concepts such as entities, attributes, relationships, and mapping approaches from ER diagrams to relational schemas. It also covers normal forms up to BCNF and the goals of normalization to reduce data redundancy and anomalies.
The document proposes a semantic navigation widget using pie menus to navigate an IEML knowledge base. It would allow exploring concepts and their relationships through different layers of tags. The widget is intended to be reusable across multiple contexts like searching, editing tags, and composing user-generated semantic links (USLs). Examples are provided for how pie menus could represent relationships at different tag layers to assist users in tasks like searching, composing complex expressions, and creating USLs. The goal is to develop a modular widget that consumes existing or future IEML web services.
An integration of uml use case diagram and activity diagram with Z language f...IJECEIAES
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the effective standard for modeling object-oriented software systems. However, the ambiguity of semantics and the absence of consistency among UML diagrams lead to lack of precisely defining the requirements of a system. On the other hand, formal methods are techniques and tools use the mathematical notations, and they involve the precise syntax and semantics of the unambiguous software requirements specification. It applied in early stages of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Therefore, an integrated between UML specification and formal specification is required to reduce the requirements' ambiguity and error, and to improve the quality and security of software systems. This paper proposes an approach involves the combining UML use-case diagram and activity diagrams with Z language for formalization of Library Management System (LMS). The focus of this paper is on consistency between the UML diagrams to Z Schema, and then verified by using the Z / EVEs tool.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) provides standard notations for modeling different aspects of a system. This document introduces five key UML notations - use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. It describes what each notation is used for and provides simple examples. Modeling abstracts away irrelevant details and allows dividing a complex system into manageable pieces by focusing on specific aspects or views.
The document discusses UML metamodels and meta-modeling. It explains that a metamodel defines the structure of models using class diagrams and that models conform to their metamodels. It provides examples of the UML metamodel and how it defines the structure that all UML models must follow. It also discusses the MOF meta-metamodel and how it defines the language for defining metamodels.
An object diagram shows specific instances of classifiers like classes at a point in time, depicting a snapshot of the detailed state of a system. It uses similar notation to class diagrams to show objects and their relationships. Object diagrams can be used during analysis to verify class diagrams, or to discover facts about model elements before creating class diagrams. They assign values to object attributes and instances to associations to illustrate examples.
The document describes several solutions to common problems encountered in document formatting, application usability, and data management. Some of the solutions described include:
1. Creating a navigation index and standard links to help files to make help documentation for an application easier to navigate between pages.
2. Developing a "magic table trick" using formatting and borders to make tables overlap and position similarly to text boxes for layout flexibility.
3. Adding a calendar popup and linked dropdown lists to make an application's date selection and report building more user-friendly.
4. Expanding a training manual into a combined training and reference guide with exercises and workflow diagrams to improve comprehension and retention.
5. Automating start
The document discusses object-oriented programming and Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. It describes three types of UML diagrams: class diagrams, which show the structure of classes and relationships between them; communication diagrams, which illustrate object interactions; and sequence diagrams, which show the sequence and timing of messages between objects. It provides examples of different UML concepts like associations, aggregations, generalizations, conditional messages, and iteration.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses what modeling is and defines UML as an industry-standard graphical language used to specify, visualize, construct and document the artifacts of software systems. The document outlines the basic concepts of UML including UML diagrams, history and modeling tools. It describes common UML diagram types such as use case diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagrams.
O documento promove shakes para emagrecimento, afirmando que eles são práticos para perder peso. O shake de chia é apresentado como uma resposta natural para quem quer emagrecer rapidamente, auxiliando na perda de peso sem prejudicar o organismo. As pessoas são convidadas a conhecer os benefícios do shake de chia no site da empresa.
El documento expresa deseos de Feliz Navidad y próspero Año Nuevo, pero también protesta contra los recortes a la educación pública en la Comunidad de Madrid, que incluyen mayores ratios de alumnos por aula y menos profesores. Asimismo, critica que la consejera de educación haya ofrecido terrenos públicos a organizaciones religiosas para gestionar centros educativos privados con fondos públicos. Finalmente, pide compartir el mensaje para defender la educación pública.
O documento descreve como William Colgate doava grandes porcentagens dos lucros de sua empresa para obras de caridade e como George Muller administrava um orfanato para 2000 crianças sem revelar suas necessidades financeiras. Também menciona que mulheres precisam de tempo para se recuperar após um aborto antes de engravidar novamente.
El documento presenta información sobre aprendices y instructores en el SENA. Define al aprendiz SENA como toda persona que recibe formación, reconociendo características como pensador libre, con capacidad crítica y liderazgo. Define al instructor SENA como quien facilita el aprendizaje del aprendiz a través de técnicas didácticas activas y proyectos, orientando y evaluando al aprendiz. También presenta deberes y derechos de los aprendices.
The document discusses how to create effective blog posts using the HubSpot blogging tool. It covers understanding the target audience and their needs, optimizing posts for search engines by including keywords and internal/external links, and promoting posts through social media, email notifications, and clear calls-to-action. The presentation includes a live demo and questions from the audience.
Tom Schwab and Dmitriy Peregudov - How Two HubSpot Customers Transformed Thei...INBOUND
This document summarizes how two HubSpot customers, Tom Schwab of Goodbye Crutches and Dmitriy Peregudov of GiftBasketsOverseas.com, transformed their businesses with inbound marketing. It describes how each business struggled with generic marketing in earlier years but then found success through persona-driven content, personalization, and HubSpot's tools for lead scoring, sales tracking, workflows. It highlights plans for continued growth through personalization, repeat customer incentives, and training all employees in inbound methodology.
El documento resume el origen de la comunidad romana desde sus inicios. Existieron varios grupos étnicos que se asentaron en la península itálica y se fusionaron, como los yápigas, los italiotas (latinos y umbríos) y los sabinos. Inicialmente se organizaban en clanes y gentes, hasta que se fundó la ciudad de Roma, dando origen a la civitas o ciudad-estado.
Magistrados del tribunal constitucionalErbol Digital
This document summarizes voter turnout statistics from an election in Bolivia. It shows that 5.2 million citizens were registered to vote, but over 20% did not vote. Of the votes counted, 42% were valid votes, while 58% were either blank or spoiled ballots. It then lists the top candidates and the number of votes they received.
UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. It provides standard graphical notations for modeling structural and behavioral aspects of a system using diagrams. The key UML diagram types are structural diagrams (e.g. class, component), behavioral diagrams (e.g. use case, activity), and interaction diagrams (e.g. sequence, communication). UML was created through the unification of several popular modeling languages in the 1990s and is now managed by the Object Management Group.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. It describes the different types of UML diagrams including class diagrams, package diagrams, object diagrams, use case diagrams, deployment diagrams, statechart diagrams, and activity diagrams. It also outlines the various notations used to represent different modeling elements in UML like classes, objects, interfaces, packages, nodes, actors, states, and relationships between elements.
The document discusses various aspects of the design phase of software development including:
1. The design phase builds upon artifacts created in the analysis phase like use cases and conceptual models. Interaction diagrams are created to show how objects communicate and collaborate.
2. Real use cases describe detailed interface designs. Class diagrams summarize class definitions and relationships. Responsibilities are assigned to classes using patterns like expert, controller, and others.
3. Interaction diagrams illustrate object interactions and are dependent on prior artifacts. Collaboration and sequence diagrams represent different notation for the same interactions. Guidelines are provided for creating interaction diagrams.
The document discusses database design concepts including the entity-relationship model, normalization, and functional dependencies. It provides descriptions of key concepts such as entities, attributes, relationships, and mapping approaches from ER diagrams to relational schemas. It also covers normal forms up to BCNF and the goals of normalization to reduce data redundancy and anomalies.
The document proposes a semantic navigation widget using pie menus to navigate an IEML knowledge base. It would allow exploring concepts and their relationships through different layers of tags. The widget is intended to be reusable across multiple contexts like searching, editing tags, and composing user-generated semantic links (USLs). Examples are provided for how pie menus could represent relationships at different tag layers to assist users in tasks like searching, composing complex expressions, and creating USLs. The goal is to develop a modular widget that consumes existing or future IEML web services.
An integration of uml use case diagram and activity diagram with Z language f...IJECEIAES
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the effective standard for modeling object-oriented software systems. However, the ambiguity of semantics and the absence of consistency among UML diagrams lead to lack of precisely defining the requirements of a system. On the other hand, formal methods are techniques and tools use the mathematical notations, and they involve the precise syntax and semantics of the unambiguous software requirements specification. It applied in early stages of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Therefore, an integrated between UML specification and formal specification is required to reduce the requirements' ambiguity and error, and to improve the quality and security of software systems. This paper proposes an approach involves the combining UML use-case diagram and activity diagrams with Z language for formalization of Library Management System (LMS). The focus of this paper is on consistency between the UML diagrams to Z Schema, and then verified by using the Z / EVEs tool.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) provides standard notations for modeling different aspects of a system. This document introduces five key UML notations - use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. It describes what each notation is used for and provides simple examples. Modeling abstracts away irrelevant details and allows dividing a complex system into manageable pieces by focusing on specific aspects or views.
The document discusses UML metamodels and meta-modeling. It explains that a metamodel defines the structure of models using class diagrams and that models conform to their metamodels. It provides examples of the UML metamodel and how it defines the structure that all UML models must follow. It also discusses the MOF meta-metamodel and how it defines the language for defining metamodels.
An object diagram shows specific instances of classifiers like classes at a point in time, depicting a snapshot of the detailed state of a system. It uses similar notation to class diagrams to show objects and their relationships. Object diagrams can be used during analysis to verify class diagrams, or to discover facts about model elements before creating class diagrams. They assign values to object attributes and instances to associations to illustrate examples.
The document describes several solutions to common problems encountered in document formatting, application usability, and data management. Some of the solutions described include:
1. Creating a navigation index and standard links to help files to make help documentation for an application easier to navigate between pages.
2. Developing a "magic table trick" using formatting and borders to make tables overlap and position similarly to text boxes for layout flexibility.
3. Adding a calendar popup and linked dropdown lists to make an application's date selection and report building more user-friendly.
4. Expanding a training manual into a combined training and reference guide with exercises and workflow diagrams to improve comprehension and retention.
5. Automating start
The document discusses object-oriented programming and Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. It describes three types of UML diagrams: class diagrams, which show the structure of classes and relationships between them; communication diagrams, which illustrate object interactions; and sequence diagrams, which show the sequence and timing of messages between objects. It provides examples of different UML concepts like associations, aggregations, generalizations, conditional messages, and iteration.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses what modeling is and defines UML as an industry-standard graphical language used to specify, visualize, construct and document the artifacts of software systems. The document outlines the basic concepts of UML including UML diagrams, history and modeling tools. It describes common UML diagram types such as use case diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagrams.
O documento promove shakes para emagrecimento, afirmando que eles são práticos para perder peso. O shake de chia é apresentado como uma resposta natural para quem quer emagrecer rapidamente, auxiliando na perda de peso sem prejudicar o organismo. As pessoas são convidadas a conhecer os benefícios do shake de chia no site da empresa.
El documento expresa deseos de Feliz Navidad y próspero Año Nuevo, pero también protesta contra los recortes a la educación pública en la Comunidad de Madrid, que incluyen mayores ratios de alumnos por aula y menos profesores. Asimismo, critica que la consejera de educación haya ofrecido terrenos públicos a organizaciones religiosas para gestionar centros educativos privados con fondos públicos. Finalmente, pide compartir el mensaje para defender la educación pública.
O documento descreve como William Colgate doava grandes porcentagens dos lucros de sua empresa para obras de caridade e como George Muller administrava um orfanato para 2000 crianças sem revelar suas necessidades financeiras. Também menciona que mulheres precisam de tempo para se recuperar após um aborto antes de engravidar novamente.
El documento presenta información sobre aprendices y instructores en el SENA. Define al aprendiz SENA como toda persona que recibe formación, reconociendo características como pensador libre, con capacidad crítica y liderazgo. Define al instructor SENA como quien facilita el aprendizaje del aprendiz a través de técnicas didácticas activas y proyectos, orientando y evaluando al aprendiz. También presenta deberes y derechos de los aprendices.
The document discusses how to create effective blog posts using the HubSpot blogging tool. It covers understanding the target audience and their needs, optimizing posts for search engines by including keywords and internal/external links, and promoting posts through social media, email notifications, and clear calls-to-action. The presentation includes a live demo and questions from the audience.
Tom Schwab and Dmitriy Peregudov - How Two HubSpot Customers Transformed Thei...INBOUND
This document summarizes how two HubSpot customers, Tom Schwab of Goodbye Crutches and Dmitriy Peregudov of GiftBasketsOverseas.com, transformed their businesses with inbound marketing. It describes how each business struggled with generic marketing in earlier years but then found success through persona-driven content, personalization, and HubSpot's tools for lead scoring, sales tracking, workflows. It highlights plans for continued growth through personalization, repeat customer incentives, and training all employees in inbound methodology.
El documento resume el origen de la comunidad romana desde sus inicios. Existieron varios grupos étnicos que se asentaron en la península itálica y se fusionaron, como los yápigas, los italiotas (latinos y umbríos) y los sabinos. Inicialmente se organizaban en clanes y gentes, hasta que se fundó la ciudad de Roma, dando origen a la civitas o ciudad-estado.
Magistrados del tribunal constitucionalErbol Digital
This document summarizes voter turnout statistics from an election in Bolivia. It shows that 5.2 million citizens were registered to vote, but over 20% did not vote. Of the votes counted, 42% were valid votes, while 58% were either blank or spoiled ballots. It then lists the top candidates and the number of votes they received.
Our company mainly designed and manufactured SMT/AI/LED machine,also providing full services support and selling spare parts. We had already produced the world's only machine--odd form eyelet pin insertion S-7000
Este documento introduce los conceptos básicos del lenguaje de programación Java, incluyendo su historia, elementos de la plataforma, estructura de un programa en Java, y cómo programar en Java desde NetBeans. Explica los tipos de datos, normas básicas de programación, y realiza una comparación entre diagramas de flujo y la sintaxis de Java.
Linea de tiempo, Leyes Penales EspecialesAyari Padrón
Este documento presenta una introducción a las leyes penales especiales en Venezuela. Explica que estas leyes surgen para regular delitos no contemplados en el Código Penal. Clasifica las leyes penales en orgánicas e improprias y provee ejemplos de varias leyes penales especiales importantes en Venezuela junto con sus fechas de publicación. Finalmente, incluye referencias bibliográficas relacionadas con las leyes penales venezolanas.
The document discusses municipal solid waste management. It defines municipal solid waste and explains that it includes household, commercial, and construction debris. It then outlines Green Earth Ltd's approach to integrated solid waste management, which involves decreasing waste production, recycling, proper storage or disposal of waste, and converting waste into usable products. Key steps include separating waste into plastics, metals, organics, and other materials, then processing each for recycling or conversion into outputs like oil, fertilizer, or fuel.
Understanding human information
•Access and understand virtually any source of information on-premise and in the cloud
•A strategic pillar of HP’s HAVEnBig Data platform
•Non-disruptive, manage-in-place approach complements any organization
Este documento contiene 65 preguntas de opción múltiple sobre conceptos básicos de informática dirigidas a aspirantes a cadetes. Las preguntas cubren temas como hardware, software, sistemas operativos, componentes de una computadora, periféricos, unidades de medida, navegadores web, aplicaciones de Office, accesorios de Windows y herramientas básicas como Paint y el Bloc de Notas. El objetivo es evaluar los conocimientos fundamentales de informática de los aspirantes.
1) Um homem investiu todos os seus recursos em uma pequena oficina e trabalhou incansavelmente para fazê-la prosperar.
2) Quando apresentou seu produto para uma grande empresa, foi rejeitado por não atender aos padrões de qualidade. Estudou mais dois anos para melhorar.
3) Após ter sua fábrica destruída por bombardeios e terremotos, adaptou motores a bicicletas quando houve escassez de gasolina, criando a primeira "bicicleta motorizada" e fundando a Honda Corporation
Julia Landauer - Can Nice Girls Win (Races)?INBOUND
The document discusses how social and cultural norms can hold women back from winning races. It suggests that perceptions that women are not aggressive, tend to take a victim role, and are fragile contribute to beliefs that nice girls cannot win races. The author argues these stereotypes must be broken and encourages pursuing opportunities that are both terrifying and amazing.
O documento discute a importância das palestras espíritas no tratamento espiritual, explicando que elas ajudam no equilíbrio emocional e espiritual através da mudança mental e recebimento de energias do plano espiritual, complementando as sessões de passe. Também enfatiza a relação entre as palestras e os passes, com as palestras preparando o terreno para os passes terem maior efeito, e a importância de frequentar as palestras doutrinárias para o próprio tratamento e de espíritos perturbados que a
- Third quarter earnings results presentation from Masco Corporation dated October 27, 2015
- Sales increased 4% excluding foreign currency effects, with North American sales up 3% and international up 4%
- Improved demand, operating leverage, cost control and cost productivity drove profit margin expansion and earnings growth despite currency headwinds
- All business segments showed strong profitability with margins expanding across most segments
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) by discussing its history, purpose, and key components. It was created in 1997 by the Object Management Group to provide a common language for designing software applications. The summary focuses on key points about UML, including that it brings a standardized modeling notation, uses diagrams to visualize different aspects of an application, and its most useful diagrams are use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and others.
The document provides information about UML (Unified Modeling Language), including its goals, why it is used, and common diagram types. UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems and other non-software systems. It uses mostly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Each diagram type displays different aspects of a system and can be used at various stages of development.
The document provides information about UML (Unified Modeling Language), including its goals, why it is used, and common diagram types. UML is a standard language for specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems and business processes. It uses mainly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Each diagram type shows different aspects of a system and allows developers and customers to view it from different perspectives.
Software Engineering Tools and Practices.pdfMeagGhn
This document discusses software engineering practices and tools, including the software crisis and issues like increasing complexity, poor quality, high costs and delays. It introduces Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard way to visually model software systems using diagrams. It describes different types of UML models including structural, behavioral and architectural modeling. It also discusses concepts like the software development life cycle, configuration management, revision control systems and how to create UML diagrams like use case diagrams and sequence diagrams.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for modeling software systems using visual diagrams. It includes structure diagrams for modeling static aspects and behavioral diagrams for dynamic aspects. Some key UML diagrams are class, use case, sequence, state machine, package, and deployment diagrams. UML has evolved over time through the merging of different modeling techniques and is now maintained by the Object Management Group.
The document discusses UML class diagrams, including what they are, the information they contain, and how to construct them. It provides examples of class diagrams and explains how to represent classes, attributes, methods, relationships between classes, and other class diagram elements. It also introduces UML and discusses when class diagrams should be used.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the modeling tool Rational Rose. It defines UML as a standardized modeling language used to communicate software designs. It describes the different types of UML diagrams and their syntax. It also introduces Rational Rose as a tool for creating and maintaining UML diagrams and models. The document discusses how to use various features of Rational Rose like the browser, documentation windows, and specifications. It provides examples of UML use case diagrams and how to add documentation to model elements. It concludes with some pitfalls to avoid when using UML.
If you're new to UML, our UML tutorial can get you on the right path. Learn more about what The Unified Modeling Language is, what it does, and why it's important.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document artifacts of a software system. It provides a common language for describing systems across different stakeholders. UML includes various building blocks like classes, interfaces, use cases, etc. and relationships between them. It also defines diagram types like class diagrams, sequence diagrams, etc. to group related elements. UML aims to be precise, unambiguous, and complete in modeling systems.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document artifacts of a software system. It provides a common language for describing systems across different stakeholders. UML includes graphical notations for various modeling elements like classes, interfaces, use cases, etc. and relationships between them. It also defines rules and mechanisms like stereotypes and tagged values to extend the language for domain-specific needs. UML models can represent different views of a system like use case, design, process, implementation and deployment views.
This document discusses various UML diagrams including class diagrams, use case diagrams, and their advantages and disadvantages. It provides an example class diagram for the abstract factory design pattern. Use case diagrams are used to gather system requirements and show interactions between actors and use cases. They provide an outside view of a system and can be used in both forward and reverse engineering. While useful for requirements analysis, use case diagrams do not describe implementation details.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is used for object-oriented modeling and consists of 14 diagram types used to model the structure, behavior, and business processes of an application. The most commonly used diagram is the class diagram, which shows classes, attributes, operations, and relationships between classes. Other diagram types include component diagrams, deployment diagrams, object diagrams, package diagrams, use case diagrams, activity diagrams, state machine diagrams, sequence diagrams, and communication diagrams. An example of modeling an online shopping system is provided using user case diagrams, domain models, activity diagrams, and component diagrams.
The document discusses the differences between software analysis and design. It provides details on:
- Analysis focuses on clarifying requirements and exploring the problem domain to identify concepts and analysis classes.
- Design starts with exploring the solution domain to formulate the system design using tools like class and object diagrams.
- Key outcomes of analysis include requirement specifications while design outcomes include low-level system design documentation.
- Analysis involves system analysts and end users while design involves system architects and developers.
UML collaboration diagrams illustrate the relationship and interaction between software objects by showing the messages sent between classes and objects to achieve an operation. They require existing use cases, system operations, and domain models. A collaboration diagram is created for each system operation relating to the current development cycle. Software developers and program managers can use collaboration diagrams to represent software applications and structures.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to design software systems. It uses various graphical diagrams to visualize different aspects of a system, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams, and more. UML was created to provide a standard way to communicate designs between developers, customers, and other stakeholders.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses key OOAD concepts like classes, objects, attributes, methods, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also describes the nine UML diagrams used for modeling systems, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, and sequence diagrams. Finally, it explains how UML can be used at different levels of abstraction and from different perspectives in the analysis and design process.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, which are used to model object-oriented software, applications, and business processes. There are 14 types of UML diagrams divided into structure diagrams, which show system objects and their relationships, and behavioral diagrams, which show how objects interact. Examples of diagram types are provided along with brief descriptions of class, object, and communication diagrams.
The document discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a general-purpose modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. UML uses graphical notation to represent the design of software projects including concepts like use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and more. It provides a standard way to visualize a system from different perspectives including structural and behavioral views.
This document discusses using activity diagrams for business and systems modeling. It explains the basic and advanced elements of activity diagrams like activity states, transitions, decisions, synchronization bars, concurrent threads, alternative threads, conditional threads, nested activity diagrams and partitions. The objectives are to explain UML modeling, demonstrate activity diagram usage for business and systems modeling, apply activity diagram notations, and highlight common student mistakes.
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Uml basics
1. Copyright Rational Software 2003 http://www.therationaledge.com/content/jun_03/f_umlintro_db.jsp
UML basics: An introduction to the Unified
Modeling Language
by Donald Bell
IBM Global Services
Way back in the late twentieth century -
- 1997 to be exact -- the Object
Management Group (OMG) released
the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
One of the purposes of UML was to
provide the development community
with a stable and common design
language that could be used to develop
and build computer applications. UML
brought forth a unified standard
modeling notation that IT professionals
had been wanting for years. Using
UML, IT professionals could now read
and disseminate system structure and
design plans -- just as construction
workers have been doing for years
with blueprints of buildings.
It is now the twenty-first century --
2003 to be precise -- and UML has
gained traction in our profession. On 75 percent of the resumes I see,
there is a bullet point claiming knowledge of UML. However, after speaking
with a majority of these job candidates, it becomes clear that they do not
truly know UML. Typically, they are either using it as a buzz word, or they
have had a sliver of exposure to UML. This lack of understanding inspired
me to write this quick introduction to UML 1.4. When you are finished
reading you will not have enough knowledge to put UML on your resume,
but you will have a starting point for digging more deeply into the
language.
A little background
As I mentioned, UML was meant to be a unifying language enabling IT
professionals to model computer applications. The primary authors were
2. Jim Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, and Grady Booch, who originally had their
own competing methods (OMT, OOSE, and Booch). Eventually, they joined
forces and brought about an open standard. (Sound familiar? A similar
phenomenon spawned J2EE, SOAP, and Linux.) One reason UML has
become a standard modeling language is that it is programming-language
independent. (UML modeling tools from IBM Rational are used extensively
in J2EE shops as well in .Net shops.) Also, the UML notation set is a
language and not a methodology. This is important, because a language,
as opposed to a methodology, can easily fit into any company's way of
conducting business without requiring change.
Since UML is not a methodology, it does not require any formal work
products (i.e., "artifacts" in IBM Rational Unified Process® lingo). Yet it
does provide several types of diagrams that, when used within a given
methodology, increase the ease of understanding an application under
development. There is more to UML than these diagrams, but for my
purposes here, the diagrams offer a good introduction to the language and
the principles behind its use. By placing standard UML diagrams in your
methodology's work products, you make it easier for UML-proficient people
to join your project and quickly become productive. The most useful,
standard UML diagrams are: use case diagram, class diagram, sequence
diagram, statechart diagram, activity diagram, component diagram, and
deployment diagram.
It is beyond the scope of this introductory article to go into great detail
about each type of diagram. Instead, I will provide you with enough
information for a general understanding of each one and then supply more
details in later articles.
Use-case diagram
A use case illustrates a unit of functionality provided by the system. The
main purpose of the use-case diagram is to help development teams
visualize the functional requirements of a system, including the
relationship of "actors" (human beings who will interact with the system)
to essential processes, as well as the relationships among different use
cases. Use-case diagrams generally show groups of use cases -- either all
use cases for the complete system, or a breakout of a particular group of
use cases with related functionality (e.g., all security administration-
related use cases). To show a use case on a use-case diagram, you draw
an oval in the middle of the diagram and put the name of the use case in
the center of, or below, the oval. To draw an actor (indicating a system
user) on a use-case diagram, you draw a stick person to the left or right of
your diagram (and just in case you're wondering, some people draw
prettier stick people than others). Use simple lines to depict relationships
between actors and use cases, as shown in Figure 1.
3. Figure 1: Sample use-case diagram
Click to enlarge
A use-case diagram is typically used to communicate the high-level
functions of the system and the system's scope. By looking at our use-
case diagram in Figure 1, you can easily tell the functions that our
example system provides. This system lets the band manager view a sales
statistics report and the Billboard 200 report for the band's CDs. It also
lets the record manager view a sales statistics report and the Billboard
200 report for a particular CD. The diagram also tells us that our system
delivers Billboard reports from an external system called Billboard
Reporting Service.
In addition, the absence of use cases in this diagram shows what the
system doesn't do. For example, it does not provide a way for a band
manager to listen to songs from the different albums on the Billboard 200 -
- i.e., we see no reference to a use case called Listen to Songs from
Billboard 200. This absence is not a trivial matter. With clear and simple
use-case descriptions provided on such a diagram, a project sponsor can
easily see if needed functionality is present or not present in the system.
Class diagram
The class diagram shows how the different entities (people, things, and
data) relate to each other; in other words, it shows the static structures of
the system. A class diagram can be used to display logical classes, which
are typically the kinds of things the business people in an organization talk
4. about -- rock bands, CDs, radio play; or loans, home mortgages, car
loans, and interest rates. Class diagrams can also be used to show
implementation classes, which are the things that programmers typically
deal with. An implementation class diagram will probably show some of
the same classes as the logical classes diagram.The implementation class
diagram won't be drawn with the same attributes, however, because it will
most likely have references to things like Vectors and HashMaps.
A class is depicted on the class diagram as a rectangle with three
horizontal sections, as shown in Figure 2. The upper section shows the
class's name; the middle section contains the class's attributes; and the
lower section contains the class's operations (or "methods").
Figure 2: Sample class object in a class diagram
In my experience, almost every developer knows what this diagram is, yet
I find that most programmers draw the relationship lines incorrectly. For a
class diagram like the one in Figure 3,you should draw the inheritance
relationship1 using a line with an arrowhead at the top pointing to the
super class, and the arrowhead should a completed triangle. An
association relationship should be a solid line if both classes are aware of
each other and a line with an open arrowhead if the association is known
by only one of the classes.
Figure 3: A complete class diagram,
including the class object shown in Figure 2
Click to enlarge
In Figure 3, we see both the inheritance relationship and two association
relationships. The CDSalesReport class inherits from the Report class. A
CDSalesReport is associated with one CD, but the CD class doesn't know
anything about the CDSalesReport class. The CD and the Band classes
both know about each other, and both classes can be associated to one or
more of each other.
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5. A class diagram can incorporate many more concepts, which we will cover
later in this article series.
Sequence diagram
Sequence diagrams show a detailed flow for a specific use case or even
just part of a specific use case. They are almost self explanatory; they
show the calls between the different objects in their sequence and can
show, at a detailed level, different calls to different objects.
A sequence diagram has two dimensions: The vertical dimension shows
the sequence of messages/calls in the time order that they occur; the
horizontal dimension shows the object instances to which the messages
are sent.
A sequence diagram is very simple to draw. Across the top of your
diagram, identify the class instances (objects) by putting each class
instance inside a box (see Figure 4). In the box, put the class instance
name and class name separated by a space/colon/space " : " (e.g.,
myReportGenerator : ReportGenerator). If a class instance sends a
message to another class instance, draw a line with an open arrowhead
pointing to the receiving class instance; place the name of the
message/method above the line. Optionally, for important messages, you
can draw a dotted line with an arrowhead pointing back to the originating
class instance; label the return value above the dotted line. Personally, I
always like to include the return value lines because I find the extra details
make it easier to read.
Reading a sequence diagram is very simple. Start at the top left corner
with the "driver" class instance that starts the sequence. Then follow each
message down the diagram. Remember: Even though the example
sequence diagram in Figure 4 shows a return message for each sent
message, this is optional.
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6. Figure 4: A sample sequence diagram
Click to enlarge
By reading our sample sequence diagram in Figure 4, you can see how to
create a CD Sales Report. The aServlet object is our example driver.
aServlet sends a message to the ReportGenerator class instance named
gen. The message is labeled generateCDSalesReport, which means that
the ReportGenerator object implements this message handler. On closer
inspection, the generateCDSalesReport message label has cdId in
parentheses, which means that aServlet is passing a variable named cdId
with the message. When gen instance receives a generateCDSalesReport
message, it then makes subsequent calls to the CDSalesReport class, and
an actual instance of a CDSalesReport called aCDReport gets returned.
The gen instance then makes calls to the returned aCDReport instance,
passing it parameters on each message call. At the end of the sequence,
the gen instance returns aCDReport to its caller aServlet.
Please note: The sequence diagram in Figure 4 is arguably too detailed for
a typical sequence diagram. However, I believe it is simple enough to
understand, and it shows how nested calls are drawn. Also, with junior
developers, sometimes it is necessary to break down sequences to this
explicit level to help them understand what they are supposed to do.
Statechart diagram
The statechart diagram models the different states that a class can be in
and how that class transitions from state to state. It can be argued that
every class has a state, but that every class shouldn't have a statechart
diagram. Only classes with "interesting" states -- that is, classes with
three or more potential states during system activity -- should be
modeled.
As shown in Figure 5, the notation set of the statechart diagram has five
basic elements: the initial starting point, which is drawn using a solid
circle; a transition between states, which is drawn using a line with an
open arrowhead; a state, which is drawn using a rectangle with rounded
corners; a decision point, which is drawn as an open circle; and one or
more termination points, which are drawn using a circle with a solid circle
inside it. To draw a statechart diagram, begin with a starting point and a
transition line pointing to the initial state of the class. Draw the states
themselves anywhere on the diagram, and then simply connect them
using the state transition lines.
7. Figure 5: Statechart diagram showing the various states
that classes pass through in a functioning system
Click to enlarge
The example statechart diagram in Figure 5 shows some of the potential
information they can communicate. For instance, you can tell that loan
processing begins in the Loan Application state. When the pre-approval
process is done, depending on the outcome, you move to either the Loan
Pre-approved state or the Loan Rejected state. This decision, which is
made during the transition process, is shown with a decision point -- the
empty circle in the transition line. By looking at the example, a person can
tell that a loan cannot go from the Loan Pre-Approved state to the Loan in
Maintenance state without going through the Loan Closing state. Also, by
looking at our example diagram, a person can tell that all loans will end in
either the Loan Rejected state or the Loan in Maintenance state.
Activity diagram
Activity diagrams show the procedural flow of control between two or
more class objects while processing an activity. Activity diagrams can be
used to model higher-level business process at the business unit level, or
to model low-level internal class actions. In my experience, activity
diagrams are best used to model higher-level processes, such as how the
company is currently doing business, or how it would like to do business.
This is because activity diagrams are "less technical" in appearance,
compared to sequence diagrams, and business-minded people tend to
understand them more quickly.
An activity diagram's notation set is similar to that used in a statechart
diagram. Like a statechart diagram, the activity diagram starts with a solid
circle connected to the initial activity. The activity is modeled by drawing a
rectangle with rounded edges, enclosing the activity's name. Activities can
be connected to other activities through transition lines, or to decision
points that connect to different activities guarded by conditions of the
decision point. Activities that terminate the modeled process are
connected to a termination point (just as in a statechart diagram).
8. Optionally, the activities can be grouped into swimlanes, which are used to
indicate the object that actually performs the activity, as shown in Figure
6.
Figure 6: Activity diagram, with two swimlanes to indicate control
of activity by two objects: the band manager, and the reporting
tool
In our example activity diagram, we have two swimlanes because we have
two objects that control separate activities: a band manager and a
reporting tool. The process starts with the band manager electing to view
the sales report for one of his bands. The reporting tool then retrieves and
displays all the bands that person manages and asks him to choose one.
After the band manager selects a band, the reporting tool retrieves the
sales information and displays the sales report. The activity diagram
shows that displaying the report is the last step in the process.
Component diagram
A component diagram provides a physical view of the system. Its purpose
is to show the dependencies that the software has on the other software
components (e.g., software libraries) in the system. The diagram can be
9. shown at a very high level, with just the large-grain components, or it can
be shown at the component package level.2
Modeling a component diagram is best described through an example.
Figure 7 shows four components: Reporting Tool, Billboard Service,
Servlet 2.2 API, and JDBC API. The arrowed lines from the Reporting Tool
component to the Billboard Service, Servlet 2.2 API, and JDBC API
components mean that the Reporting Tool is dependent on those three
components.
Figure 7: A component diagram shows interdependencies of
various software components the system comprises
Click to enlarge
Deployment diagram
The deployment diagram shows how a system will be physically deployed
in the hardware environment. Its purpose is to show where the different
components of the system will physically run and how they will
communicate with each other. Since the diagram models the physical
runtime, a system's production staff will make considerable use of this
diagram.
The notation in a deployment diagram includes the notation elements used
in a component diagram, with a couple of additions, including the concept
of a node. A node represents either a physical machine or a virtual
machine node (e.g., a mainframe node). To model a node, simply draw a
three-dimensional cube with the name of the node at the top of the cube.
Use the naming convention used in sequence diagrams: [instance name] :
[instance type] (e.g., "w3reporting.myco.com : Application Server").
10. Figure 8: Deployment diagram. Because the Reporting Tool
component is drawn inside of IBM WebSphere, which in turn is
drawn inside of the node w3.reporting.myco.com, we know that
users will access the Reporting Tool via a browser running on their
local machine, and connecting via HTTP over their company's
intranet.
Click to enlarge
The deployment diagram in Figure 8 shows that the users access the
Reporting Tool by using a browser running on their local machine and
connecting via HTTP over their company's intranet to the Reporting Tool.
This tool physically runs on the Application Server named
w3reporting.myco.com. The diagram shows the Reporting Tool component
drawn inside of IBM WebSphere, which in turn is drawn inside of the node
w3.reporting.myco.com. The Reporting Tool connects to its reporting
database using the Java language to IBM DB2's JDBC interface, which then
communicates to the actual DB2 database running on the server named
db1.myco.com using native DB2 communication. In addition to talking to
the reporting database, the Report Tool component communicates via
SOAP over HTTPS to the Billboard Service.
Conclusion
Although this article provides only a brief introduction to Unified Modeling
Language, I encourage you to start applying the information you have
learned here to your own projects and to dig more deeply into UML. There
are several software tools that help you to integrate UML diagrams into
your software development process, but even without automated tools,
you can use markers on a whiteboard or paper and pencils to draw your
UML diagrams and still achieve benefits.
11. Notes
1 For more information on inheritance and other object-oriented principles, see
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/concepts/inheritance.html
2 The phrase component package level is a programming language-neutral way of referring
to class container levels such as .Net's namespaces (e.g., System.Web.UI) or Java's
packages (e.g., java.util).
Resources
http://www.uml.org -- The official UML Web site.
http://www.rational.com/uml/resources/documentation/index.jsp --Offers
several different versions of the actual UML specification.
http://www.rational.com/rose --Information on IBM Rational Rose,® A
commercial UML modeling tool.
http://www.rational.com/xde --Information on IBM Rational XDE,® a
commercial UML modeling tool that is integrated with IBM's Eclipse
development platform.
http://argouml.tigris.org --Information on Argo UML, an .open source UML
modeling tool built in Java.
http://uml.sourceforge.net/index.php -- Information on Umbrello UML
Modeller, an open source UML modeling tool for KDE.
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