TOM DEMERANVILLE & SHIVENDRA NAIDOO, ORCID This breakout session will offer a chance to meet members of the ORCID team and dive into the way ORCID and its member organisations think about "trust". The session comprises a brief presentation on 'trust markers' in the ORCID record, followed by a collaborative discussion with attendees. You'll learn what trust markers are, where they come from, how they can help researchers and institutions, and how your organisations can contribute. We'll also examine the relationship between trust markers and research integrity, how trust markers can be interpreted, and how they can be used in common workflows across different systems and organisations. This session may be of particular interest to Research Support and Scholarly Communication librarians, as well as editors and publishers.

1. ORCID and Trust: A 2-way Conversation
UKSG 47th Annual Conference and Exhibition, Glasgow
8-10th April 2024
Tom Demeranville - Product Director, ORCID; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-4386
Shivendra Naidoo - Senior Engagement Lead, ORCID; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6221-4682 1

2. Today’s agenda:
2
● An introduction to ORCID - who, what, why?
● ORCID in the Wild - adoption & use cases
● ORCID’s Certified Service Provider (CSP) program
● ORCID and Trust
● The Research Integrity (RI) crisis - how ORCID helps
● Overview of ORCID’s 2024 Annual Plan
● Participative Discussion and Q&A

3. A quick re/introduction to
ORCID
3

4. A Few ORCID Facts
● Independent not-for-profit, open to
participation by all
● Registry launched in 2012
● Sustained by fees from our member
organizations
● Guided by our values and founding
principles
● Community-governed by a Board of
Directors representative of our
membership
4

5. ORCID’s vision is a world
where all who participate in
research, scholarship, and
innovation are uniquely
identified and connected to
their contributions across
disciplines, borders, and time.
ORCID’s mission is to enable
transparent and trustworthy
connections between
researchers, their contributions,
and their affiliations by providing
a unique, persistent identifier
for individuals to use as they
engage in research, scholarship,
and innovation activities.
Where we want to go How we are going to get there
https://info.orcid.org/what-is-orcid/
5

6. ORCID provides three infrastructure services
6
The ORCID APIs
A set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), as well as the services and
support of communities of practice enabling interoperability between an ORCID
record and member organizations
An ORCID record
A digital CV/profile connected to the ORCID iD, that can include employment,
education, funding, peer review, research output and other metadata
The ORCID iD
A unique, persistent identifier free of charge to researchers
(e.g. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-4386)
https://info.orcid.org/what-is-orcid/

7. 7
https://vimeo.com/495762735

8. The ability to disambiguate researchers is critical
for a trustworthy scholarly record
8

9. ORCID also solves name variation
K B Romdan, Karim B Romdhan, K Ben
Romdhane, Karim Ben Romdhane,
Karim Bin Romdhan, Kerim Ben
Romdhane
K B Romdan
Karim B Romdhan
K Ben
Romdhane
K Ben Romdhane
K B Romdan
Karim B
Romdhan
Karim Ben Romdhan
9

10. 10
Balancing researcher control and data quality
https://info.orcid.org/balancing-researcher-control-and-data-integrity/

11. 11
We balance researcher control and data quality
https://info.orcid.org/balancing-researcher-control-and-data-integrity/
Organizations may only add information to ORCID
records with the researcher’s permission, and
may only update or delete information that was
added by them
Trust in an ORCID record accumulates over time
as reliable and trustworthy data sources add
information (with the record holder’s permission)
● Terms of use prevent misrepresentation
● False data in records may be disputed by anyone in
the community
● Machine-learning algorithm detects obvious spam
● Disputed and spam records are removed from use,
pending correction or withdrawal
Researchers …
● Own their own records
● Control who accesses their information
● May change access preferences at any time
Researcher control Data quality

12. ORCID was built from the ground up to earn the broadest
possible trust of the communities we serve
Legal
Constructs
Social
Constructs
● Legal incorporation as US
non-profit entity
● Membership organization open to
all
● Governed by board elected by our
members
● Legally binding membership
agreements
● Privacy policy regulated by GDPR
and other national regulations
● Legally binding employment
agreements, code of conduct, etc
● Founding principles and values
● Commitment to researcher
control
● Open source software and FAIR
open data
● Equitable, sustainable business
model
● Holding ourselves accountable
by working openly
● Continuous community
engagement and dialogue
https://info.orcid.org/orcid-trust/

13. ORCID in the Wild
13

14. Users in 250 countries
Almost every country on the planet!
We have broad adoption around the world
14
Data collected on 18 Mar 2024
More data available at https://info.orcid.org/orcid-statistics/
Active Integrated Systems
5,607
Organizational Members
1,359
Yearly Active Researchers
8.2 Million
Member organizations in 58 countries
27 national consortia and 1 regional consortium

15. There is significant adoption in the UK
● 146 member organisations
○ 106 of these are in the UK consortium led by Jisc
● 129 integrations from consortium members
○ 80 actively exchanging data with the registry
● 334,541 active records
○ With either UK affiliation or location data attached
● Over 1M affiliations and professional activities with
UK organisations
15
Data collected on the 8th of April 2024
146
MEMBERS

16. Notable platforms or systems integrating
with ORCID include:
● Elsevier Pure
● Symplectic Elements
● DSpace
● Aries Editorial Manager
● Clarivate ScholarOne
● PKP’s OJS & OPS
● ExLibris Esploro
ORCID acts as a hub for iDs and profile data, enabling
workflows and saving time
16
Review usage stats for your Integrations on the ORCID Member Portal

17. Researchers love ORCID and want to use it everywhere!
ORCID for Elsevier - June 2021 17

18. Universities and Research Institutions
18
Name disambiguation. Have confidence that you have
correctly identified contributions from your researchers,
regardless of the popularity or variability of their names.
Better research connections. Follow your researchers'
careers even after they leave your institution. Keep better
track of collaborators and peers at other institutions.
Reduce costs. Reduce the costs required to track the
research that comes from your institution by
automatically accessing authoritative trusted publication
and funding data from your researchers' ORCID records.
Improved visibility of outputs. Improve the visibility of
your researchers' outputs and ensure they get the
recognition they deserve by automatically writing
authoritative, trusted affiliation data via integration with
the ORCID registry.
Reduced administrative burden. Increase both efficiency
and quality in critical processes like assessment exercises.
Avoid time spent re-entering data during submission, review,
and reporting. When your researchers have more time to
spend on research, you save money!
Interconnected infrastructure. The ORCID registry is an
open, interconnected hub of profile data. By integrating with
ORCID, you can contribute affiliation data and extend the
reach of your systems. Sharing data with ORCID can help you
to avoid being locked into costly, proprietary systems.
Stay up to date with the research that
comes from your scholars – while
making their lives easier.
ORCID for Universities and Research Institutions

19. Publishers, Associations, and Conferences
19
Understand your researchers. Collect authenticated iDs for
your authors and reviewers to better understand their academic
records. ORCID can also help with OA policy compliance and
transformative agreement management by acting as an open,
trusted source of affiliation data.
Better reviewer selection. More complete profile data makes
reviewer selection process easier and helps to discover possible
conflicts of interest. When recruiting new reviewers, editors can
assign reviews based on previous contributions and activities.
Peer review recognition. Acknowledge reviewers’
expertise and provide recognition for all their
contributions—reviews, editorial board membership, etc.
Enhanced discoverability for your authors. Writing
publication data to your authors' ORCID records increases
discoverability and helps them claim credit for their work.
A more consistent experience. Having your users sign in with
ORCID reduces the frustration and burden of managing multiple
credentials. Linking authors between different systems saves
time during submission, review, and reporting.
Interconnected infrastructure. The ORCID registry is an open,
interconnected hub of profile data. By integrating with ORCID,
you can contribute publication data and extend the reach of
your systems. Consuming interoperable data from ORCID helps
reduce your dependence on costly proprietary systems.
Improve the integrity of submission, review,
and discovery processes with reliable author
and reviewer information.
ORCID Benefits for Publishers

20. ORCID’s Certified Service Provider (CSP)
Program
20

21. 1. Manuscript
Submission
Systems
2. Research
Information
Systems
3. Grant/Facility
Application
Management
Systems
4. Repository Systems 5. Discovery Systems (New)
Benefits to members using a CSP
● A more consistent user experience
for all researchers relying on ORCID
● Consistent ORCID-related
functionality for their member orgs.
● The ability to write validated data to
researchers’ ORCID records as a
trusted organization (workflows 1-4)
● Improved ORCID-related support
from the vendor/service provider
Our revamped CSP program guides ORCID members to
systems offering the best ORCID functionality & support
Read more about ORCID Certified Service Providers 21
Specific best-practice integration criteria for 5 scholarly workflows:

22. Join ORCID’s Enabling Value webinars for more info on CSP Systems
22
Upcoming ORCID Webinars

23. The Research Integrity
Crisis
23

24. An increasingly worrying issue…
24

25. ORCID is committed to helping address the research
integrity crisis
The COPE & STM Paper Mills Research report recommended “Continued
investment in tools and systems to detect potential paper mill manuscripts
at submission, with consistent and shared guidance in the use of these tools”
Putting things into action:
1. ORCID is a signatory to the United2Act Consensus Statement —
ORCID is closely involved in workstream 4: “Enable the
development of trust markers
2. ORCID is collaborating closely with STM Solutions Integrity Hub
and Research Identification working groups
3. We are piloting the use of ORCID Record Summaries and trust
markers in editorial workflows with publishers and vendors
COPE & STM. Paper Mills — Research report from COPE & STM — English. https://doi.org/10.24318/jtbG8IHL 25

26. The United2Act Trust Marker working group thinks about trust markers in multiple
dimensions:.
● Trust in the researcher
● Trust in affiliations
● Trust in the research process
● Trust in the submitted manuscript and other research outputs
● Trust in the publishing process
As Ivan from retraction watch mentioned earlier today, “stopping sewage upstream” is
the real problem. ORCID can’t stop the sewage, but we can help establish trust in
researchers and stop it getting into the pipe.
Trust Markers help to establish trust in researchers
26

27. We believe identity validation is part of the solution, but
what is actually helpful and appropriate for our use case?
Traditional government ID:
● Validated legal name
● Validated home address
● Validated date of birth
● Physical appearance
Scholarly bona-fides:
● Validated academic affiliation
● Validated educational record
● Validated funding awards
● Validated previously published works
27

28. We believe identity validation is part of the solution, but
what is actually helpful and appropriate for our use case?
Traditional government ID: Scholarly bona-fides:
28
✓ Likely strong correlation with genuine
researchers
✓ Information that researchers generally
make public on their profiles
✓ Universally used around the world
𝗫 Useful if you want to sue the author, but
not for much else
𝗫 Intrusive from a privacy point of view
𝗫 Difficult to apply consistently around in
all countries

29. Researchers already use ORCID when publishing
For example, when submitting a manuscript, authors:
● Sign into the submission system using their ORCID iD
● Have their submission form pre-filled based on their ORCID record
● Have their ORCID iD and their collaborators ORCID iDs included in the work metadata
● Have their ORCID record automatically updated with the work once published
Editors might:
● Review ORCID records to help with research integrity checks
Reviewers might
● Sign into the submission system using their ORCID iD
● Get credit for review work by having peer review activity added to their ORCID record
29

30. Information on ORCID records can help editors make
decisions
● Affiliations
● Professional activities
● Funding information
● Publications
● Other outputs
● Peer reviews
● Website URLs
30

31. When an ORCID member updates an ORCID record, the source
(provenance) of that update is captured for re-use:
● Research organizations add affiliations
● Publishers add outputs and reviews
● Funders add funding awards
31
These provide ‘trust markers’
that can be used to help in
decision making.
Validated information is even more useful

32. Trustworthiness is evaluated by users, not authorities
32
Distributed, accumulative trust model
Trust level
necessary for
use case 1
Trust level
necessary for
use case 2

33. ORCID has made it easier to find trust markers
ORCID records can be complex and time
consuming for editors to assess.
● Trust markers can be found throughout an
ORCID record.
● Locating individual markers was tricky,
especially on a large and detailed record.
● We’ve provided editors with a simple to
understand summary of the record’s ‘trust
markers’ in context within their editorial
system
● Making it easier to identify fraudulent and
low quality submissions
33

34. Record Summaries are integrated into editorial workflows
A Record Summary provides an
easy way to visualize trust
markers and better understand
the contents of an ORCID record
● They can be displayed directly
within editorial systems and
link to the full record
● … and pulled from our APIs
and reused in other tools and
workflows
34

35. ● Researchers can access a summary
view of their own records, and see
others’ Record Summaries
● It contains the same information as
the one embedded in the editorial
workflow
The Record Summary is
also be available in the
ORCID registry
35
LAUNCHED LAST WEEK!

36. It’s a system with two key enablers
36
● We’re working with
publishers and vendors to
ensure that authenticated
ORCID IDs are collected for
ALL reviewers, editors and
authors, including co-authors
● We’re working with
institutions and vendors to
increase the quantity of
validated affiliation
information in the registry
“It is clear that ORCiD adoption is an important
tool in combating paper mills. Requiring
authors to register an ORCiD and to associate
their ID with the paper at the time of
submission decreases reliance on fully
automated disambiguation methodologies and
strengthens our approach. Relatively low
ORCiD adoption rates are effectively keeping a
low bar for paper-mill activity. The call for
system wide change with regard to ORCiD is
not new, but it is certainly now more urgent.
Identifying Fabricated Networks within Authorship-for-Sale Enterprises,
Simon J. Porter, Leslie D. McIntosh. arXiv:2401.04022 [cs.DL].

37. ORCID's Strategy in 2024
37

38. Increasing
Global
Participation
Increasing
Value to
Members
Increasing
Value to
Researchers
Upholding Trust
and Integrity
Our 2022–2025
Strategy
We identified four major strategic themes for the
three years, 2022-2025, and used them to organize
our 2024 plans
In 2023, we added a fifth foundational pillar of Staff
Experience, as without happy and engaged people, we
are unable to fulfill any of our other plans

39. Increasing Value to Members
Strategic Priorities
● Be more proactive in
delivering value to member
research institutions
● Equip our members with
more compelling ways to
encourage their researchers to
use ORCID
● Work with influential
organizations such as Funders
and Government Agencies
2024 Goals Engage Product Comms Tech Ops
Provide richer information to members throughout the membership
lifecycle e.g. improved onboarding process, structured training material ● ○ ○
Make more use of institutional email domain information in ORCID
records as a signal of trusted institutional affiliation ○ ● ○ ○
Enable more members to send notifications to users to help them
populate their records ○ ● ○
Update API Tiering model to offer higher rates/better reliability to
members and encourage use of the Public API over the anonymous API ● ○ ○ ○
Increase awareness of the value of members joining our Global
Community Trust Network and contributing their validated data to
ORCID, highlighting regional differences and sharing success stories.
○ ●
Build awareness of our joint activities with peer PID providers and
scholarly infrastructure organizations, with a focus on funders and
underrepresented regions.
○ ○ ●
Explore opportunities for increased participation from corporate
segments
● ○
*Also increases global participation 39

40. Strategic Priorities
● Reduce the effort that
researchers need to invest in
completing and updating their
ORCID records
● Incentivize researcher
participation in ORCID
● Help researchers understand
and unlock the value we
deliver
Increasing Value to Researchers
2024 Goals Engage Product Comms Tech Ops
Strengthen connections between researchers and their institutions
by suggesting relevant affiliations to existing users and encouraging
users without affiliations to add them
○ ● ○
Reduce effort to maintain records by directing users to member
integrations that can help populate their records based on factors such
as geography and discipline
○ ● ○
Facilitate greater re-use of ORCID data by researchers by improving the
ability to export record data through integrations and more formatting
options
○ ● ○
Better support humanities researchers by extending the work type
taxonomy to cover more of their outputs
○ ● ○ ○
40

41. Strategic Priorities
● Move from a fee structure
based on equality to one
based on equity
● Support the development of
local expertise and
communities of practice.
● Develop new partnership
models with organizations
that have both local knowledge
and resources
Increasing Global Participation
2024 Goals Engage Product Comms Tech Ops
Build and strengthen strategic relationships with key stakeholders in
new focus countries ● ○ ○
Provide better multi-language support for affiliations by enabling
researchers to find their organization in their own language ● ○
Expand multi-language support for outreach resources. Launch Spanish,
Portuguese, and French member webinars ○ ●
Explore new ways of diversifying our community engagement to
improve regional reach, e.g. through podcasts. ○ ●
Revisit membership offering for small organisations (including small
singleton journals) ● ○ ○
Coordinate indexing by key regional or national search engines
● ○
Define ORCID’s sustainability priorities in alignment with the UN
Sustainable Development Goals ○ ○ ● ○ ○
41

42. Upholding Trust and Integrity
Strategic Priorities
● Improve resiliency and
reliability of our
infrastructure
● Ensure our long-term
sustainability and anticipate
future necessary investments
or financial shocks
2024 Goals Engage Product Comms Tech Ops
Continue to improve our cybersecurity posture through adoption of
cloud-hosting best practices, completion of software dependency
upgrades and improving incident response processes
●
Meet community expectations by implementing improvements to user
account security including change notifications ● ○
Conduct external review of internal IT security arrangements
○ ●
Increase operating efficiency and create more transparent financial
reporting through refinement of our internal processes and systems ○ ●
Revise privacy policy to ensure alignment with modern best practices
○ ●
Strengthen our financial resilience by establishing long-term financial
reserve fund ●
42

43. Participative Discussion
/ Q&A
43

44. A few prompter questions for our attendees…
44
● How has ORCID been implemented at your organization(s)?
● Do you use (m)any ORCID-integrated CSP systems?
● What feedback have you received about ORCID from your researchers/authors/editors etc.?
● What ORCID-related support/training does your organization offer to users/stakeholders?
● What additional functionality/support would you like to see ORCID prioritise in the future?
● How can ORCID help to support your organization in its efforts to strengthen research
integrity and good scholarly practices?
● Are there any ‘burning issues’ you think ORCID should be thinking about?

45. ?
45
Questions? - https://info.orcid.org/researcher-faq/
Thank you for listening!
Tom Demeranville – Product Director - t.demeranville@orcid.org https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-4386
Shivendra Naidoo – Senior Engagement Lead, Vendor Development - s.naidoo@orcid.org https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6221-4682