ANTHROPOLOGY N SOCIOLOGY

1. PRESENTATION
TITLE
Mirjam Nilsson​​

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1. Which picture suggest:
a. interrelatedness of people?
b. Diversity of human race?
c. Life of people in the past?
d. Governments that rule people?

4. Anthropology is a branch of sociology. It always
describes human, human behavior
and human societies around the world. It is a
comparative science that examines all societies.
The term anthropology comes from Latin world
‘anthropology’ means man or human and ‘logos’
means science or study. So, the term anthropology
means scientific study of man or human
beings.
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5. Anthropologists have defined anthropology in many ways. Some
of them are given below.
1. “Anthropology the study of human kind everywhere,
throughout time , seeks to produce useful generations about
people and their behavior and to arrive at the fullest possible
understanding of human diversity” (Havilland, W. A.1975).
2. “Anthropology is the study of people and all the things they do,
think, say and make" (Gwynne and Hicks, 1994).
3. “Anthropology is the study of human beings, divided into the
branches of biologically oriented, physical anthropology and
social oriented, social anthropology” (Jary and Jary, 2005).
Characteristics:
- study of human beings.
- scientific process.
- explain human diversity.
- Tendency to make generalization 5

6. ANTHROPOLOGY
Physical/ Biological Anthropology is the
systematic study of human as a biological
organism. It studies the present-day human
variation in the world.
Archaeology is the
study of material remains
usually from the past to
describe and explain human
behavior
Linguistic Anthropology
is the study of languages,
ancient and modern written
form, talking style etc. i
Ethnology is the
systematic description of
a culture based on first
hand observation.
Cultural Anthropology mainly
focuses on human behavior

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Focusing Issues
Kottak in his cultural anthropology, he identified five special introits. Those are given
follow:
1. Paleoanthropology: Human evolution as revealed by the fossil record.
2. Human genetics: The scientific study of the ways in which different Characteristic are
passed from generation to generation. Exam: Body structure, color, shape etc.
3. Human growth and development: The study of human variations Investigates how
and why contemporary human populations differ in Biological and physical
characteristics. Ex.: language, attitude, behavior etc.
4. Human biological plasticity: The body’s ability to change as its copies with stress such
as heat, cold and attitude. Ex.: Australian people, African people etc.
5. Others: The biological evaluation behavior and social life of monkey’s apes and other
nonhuman primates.

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Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions.
Sociology’s subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion,
from the family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class
to the shared beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to
radical change in whole societies
• The following are the main characteristics of sociology as enlisted by
Robert Bierstedt (1974) in his book “The Social Order” and they are as
follows:
1)Sociology is an independent science. Sociology has now emerged
into an independent science.
2)The following are the main characteristics of sociology as enlisted by
Robert Bierstedt (1974) in his book “The Social Order” and they are
as follows: 1) Sociology is an independent science. Sociology has
now emerged into an independent science.
3. Sociology is a categorical and not a normative discipline. Sociology
“confines itself to statements about what is, not what should be or
ought to be”

9. 4. Sociology is a pure science and not an applied science.
A distinction is often made between pure sciences and
applied sciences
5. Sociology is relatively an abstract science not a
concrete science. This does not mean that sociology is an
art and not a science
6) Sociology is a generalizing and not a particularizing or
Individualizing Science. Sociology tries to find out the
general laws or principles about human interaction or
situation, about the nature
to scientific knowledge

10. 7) Sociology is a general Science and not a
special Social Science. The area of inquiry
of sociology is general and not specialize
8) Finally, Sociology is both a Rational and
an Empirical Science. There are two broad
ways of approach to scientific knowledge

11. Nature of Political Science Politics is not only a mere institution of
governance but also a mechanism for achieving societal goals. Political
Science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of
politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political
behavior
Perspectives on Politics
1. Politics as art of government
2. Politics as public affairs.
3. Politics as compromise & consensus (study of interaction among interest
groups).
4. Politics as the study of power.

12. Politics as art of government. Here politics is the
classic activity of making and
enforcement of collective decisions. The state as the
central concept of politics has a
long history. The state has several specialized
structures, institutions, officer and roles.
It has the monopoly of coercive power. In these
circumstances, it was natural to
understand politics as the study of the state. Until the
Second World War, the state
served as the chief organizing idea of politics.

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Branches of Political Science
1.Comparative politics is a field in political
science characterized either by the use of the
comparative method or other empirical methods
(verifiable by observation or experience rather
than theory) to explore politics within (as
opposed to between) countries.
2. Political economy is the study of production
and trade and their relations with law, custom and
government; and with the distribution of national
income and wealth.

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3. International relations (IR) or international
affairs (IA)—commonly also referred to as
international studies (IS)International relations
involves the study of such things as foreign policy,
international conflict and negotiation, war, nuclear
proliferation, terrorism, international trade and
economics, and international development, among
other subjects, global studies (GS), or global affairs
(GA)—is the study in interconnectedness of
politics, economics and law on a global level.

15. 4. Political philosophy, also
known as political theory, is the
study of topics such as politics,
liberty, justice, property, rights, law,
and the enforcement of laws by
authority
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5. Public administration is the implementation of
government policy and also an academic discipline that
studies this implementation and prepares civil servants
for working in the public service.
6. Public policy is the process by which governments
translate their political vision into programs and actions
to deliver ‘outcomes — desired changes in the real
world’.
7. Political methodology is a subfield of political
science that studies the quantitative and qualitative
methods used to study politics.

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Directions: Now that you have learned all the necessary concepts
on culture, society,
and politics, it is time to test your knowledge about them. Read the
questions carefully
and then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The following are the focus of study of Political Philosophy,
except _____________.
A. International Affairs B. Liberty
C. Politics D. Property rights
2. A social science concerned with the theory and practice of
politics and the description
and analysis of political systems and political behavior is called
___________.
A. Social Science B. Physical Science
C. Biological Science D. Political Science

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3. The branch of knowledge that deals with human
social relationships and institutions is .
A. Anthropology B. Political Science
C. Social Science D. Sociology
4. Anthropology is the study of ________________.
A. human kind B. human relationships
C. law and order D. power
5. Politics is viewed as the following, except
_____________.
A. Art of government B. Interaction among
interest groups
C. Material remains D. Public affairs

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6. A branch of anthropology that focuses mainly on human behavior
is .
A. Biological Anthropology B. Cultural Anthropology
C. Linguistic Anthropology D. Paleoanthropology
7. Which of the following is true about Sociology?
A. It is a social science. B. It is a physical science.
C. It is an applied science. D. It is a concrete science.
8. Sociology is rational and empirical science because
_____________.
A. It aims to apply the acquired knowledge into life and put it to use.
B. It concerned with human interaction and human life in general
other social sciences.
C. It is an abstract not a concrete science.
D. It is based on facts that result from observation and
experimentation

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9. The following are common subject matter being carefully
studied by sociologists,
except ____________.
A. Crime B. Culture
C. Natural Phenomenon D. Religion
10. The goal of comparative politics is to _______________.
A. Analyze interconnectedness of politics, economics, and
law.
B. Explore politics within countries.
C. Evaluate the implementation of government policy
D. Describe the process by which the governments translate
their political vision
into programs and actions to deliver outcomes.

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11. The systematic description of a culture based on first
hand observation is _______.
A. Archaeology B. Ethnology
C. Linguistics D. Paleontology
12. The systematic study of human as a biological
organism is _____________.
A. Biological Anthropology B. Cultural Anthropology
C. Linguistic Anthropology D. Paleoanthropology
13. The study in interconnectedness of politics,
economics, and law on a global level is ____________.
A. Comparative Politics B. Political Economy
C. International Relations D. Public Administration

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14. The goal of anthropology is to ________________.
A. Apply the acquired knowledge into life and put it to use.
B. Produce useful generations about people and their behavior.
C. Analyze system of rules for conflict resolution and
cooperation.
D. Discover the general laws or principles about human
interaction or situation,
about the nature.
15. Sociology is not a physical science because
_______________.
A. It belongs to natural sciences.
B. It concentrates on the natural phenomenon.
C. It studies man’s social life.
D. It focuses on the physical features of the earth.

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ACTIVITY
Create a meaningful “Hugot
Line” about the nature of
Anthropology, Sociology,
and Political Science.

24. Have a
nice day!
Thank
you!
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