This document defines and describes various concepts in political philosophy including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, nationalism, communism, fascism, and political parties. Liberalism supports more governmental involvement for change and improvement while preserving freedom. Conservatism supports tradition and moderation in change. Socialism advocates governmental ownership of production and direction of the economy. Nationalism promotes the interests of a nation. Communism is based on Marxist teachings of collective ownership and a planned economy. Fascism stresses that all values arise from the state against which individuals have no rights.

6. •Political Philosophy
- The study of fundamental
questions about the state,
government, politics, liberty,
justice and the enforcement of
a legal code by authority.

7. FREEDOM
Why are governments needed?

8. Politica
l

9. sets of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines,
myths or symbols of a social movement,
institution, class or large group that explains
how society should work and offers some
political and cultural blueprint for a certain
social order.
Political Ideology

10. Liberalism
Conservatism
Socialism
Nationalism
Communism
Fascis

12. Liberalism
-latin word “ Liber” means “ Free men”
- view that sees more need for change and
improvement in social relations requiring
governmental involvement and that society must
be free, if it is possible free from government
intervention. (Moten and Islam 2011)

13. Conservatism
- From the term conservation
- A political Philosophy that tends to support
the status quo and advocates change only in
moderation upholding the value of tradition
and seeks to preserve all that is good about
the past ( Dooley, 2013)

14. - A point of view that emphasizes
traditional and established institutions
and give greater attention to social
entities than to individuals having the
inclination to oppose any change in
political environment .

15. Socialism
- An economic and political doctrine
advocating governmental ownership and
direction of production and services but
which would retain existing institutions as
the means of regulating them.

16. - An Ideology which opposed capitalism and tries
to provide a more humane and socially valuable
substitute.
- Cooperation is preferred over the competition
- Social equality is the main way to attain
social stability and cohesion ( Heywood, 2011)

17. Nationalism
- promoting the interests of a particular nation
particularly with the aim of gaining and
maintaining self-governance, or full sovereignty,
over the group's homeland. It holds that a nation
should govern itself, free from unwanted outside
interference, and is linked to the concept of self-
determination.

18. Communis
m
An extreme left- wing ideology
based on the revolutionary socialist
teaching of Karl Marx, characterized
by collective ownership and a planned
economy. Thus, each should work to
their capability and will receive
according to their needs.

19. Fascis
m
From “ Fasces”, an Italian
word, which means a
bundle of rods with an axe-
blade protruding that
signified the authority of
magistrates in Imperial
Rome ( Heywood, 2011)

20. A movement that stands for
outmoded, repressive social
and political conditions
rejecting democracy,
repudiates constitutionalism
and stresses that all values
arise from the state against
which the individual has no
rights.

24. A system of classifying different
political positions upon one or more
geometric axes that symbolize
independent political dimensions.
POLITICAL
SPECTRUM

25. Most long-standing spectra include a right wing
and left wing, which originally referred to seating
arrangements in the French parliament after the
Revolution (1789–99)

26. Political Identity
- A social category refers to the set of
attitudes and practices that an individual
adheres to in relation to the political systems
and actors within his or her society.

27. Political Party
-A group of people that is organized
for
the purpose of winning government
power, by electoral or other means.

31. Political Party
A group of people that is organized for
the purpose of winning government
power, by electoral or other means