Political Ideologies

1. POLITICAL
IDEOLOGIES

2. IDEOLOGY
● refers to a system of beliefs about how society should
function, behave, and operate according to Heywood.
He further explains that from a social-scientific
viewpoint, an ideology is a more or less coherent set of
ideas that provides a basis for organized political action,
whether this is intended to preserve, modify or
overthrow the existing system of power
relationships.

3. ● It offers an account of the existing
order by examining what works and
what does not work, as well as other
various issues and problems that the
state and the broader society are
confronted with.
Functions of Political Ideology

4. ● It provides a model of a
desired social order, a
vision of the Good
Society.
Functions of Political Ideology

5. ● It outlines how political
change, or the desired
social order can be
achieved.
Functions of Political Ideology

6. ANTOINE
DESTUTT DE
TRACY
A French philosopher who
coined the word Ideology
during the French
Revolution.

7. COMPREHENSIVENESS
DISTINGUISHED IDEOLOGIES FROM IDEAS
(Macridis in Ranney, 1995)
● An ideology covers many
great matters

8. PERVASIVENESS
DISTINGUISHED IDEOLOGIES FROM IDEAS
(Macridis in Ranney, 1995)
● The set of ideas has not only
been known for a long time but
has shaped the political beliefs
and actions of the people.

9. EXTENSIVENESS
DISTINGUISHED IDEOLOGIES FROM IDEAS
(Macridis in Ranney, 1995)
● The set of ideas held by a large
member of people and plays a
vital role in nations and state of
political affairs.

10. INTENSIVENESS
DISTINGUISHED IDEOLOGIES FROM IDEAS
(Macridis in Ranney, 1995)
● The set of ideas commands a
strong commitment from many of
its adherents and significantly
influences political beliefs and
actions.

11. CHRACTERISTICS OF IDEOLOGY
● Ideologies have their level end is –ism
● Ideology provide explanation for the
problems that confronts modern
societies by providing futuristic vision.
● Ideology is action oriented.
● Ideologies mobilize a large number of
people.

12. FEATURES OF IDEOLOGY
(Heywood, 2012)
● It offers and account of existing order
usually in the form of “world view”.
● It advances a model of a desire future, a
vision of good society.
● It explains how political change can and
should be brought about-how to get
from two other features.

13. INTELLECTUAL
COMPONENTS OF IDEOLOGY
● Values
● The vision of the Ideal Polity.
● The conception of human nature.
● The strategy of action.
● Political Tactics.

14. SOCIETAL ROLE OF
IDEOLOGIES
● Ideology answers the
eternal questions and cut
off beliefs and values.

15. SOCIETAL ROLE OF
IDEOLOGIES
● Ideologies explains how the
universe works and why it
works that way.

16. SOCIETAL ROLE OF
IDEOLOGIES
● Ideologies tell us how to
behave; they help us
predict the future.

17. It could be seen as commitment
to change political system.
(Roskins, etc., 2012)
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

18. It is derived from the Latin Word ‘’liber” which means
“free men” in short, men who were neither serfs nor
slaves. A view that sees more need for change and
improvement in societal relations requiring
governmental involvement ( Scherms, 2011) and that
society must be free from government
interventions (Mote and Islam 2011).
LIBERALISM

19. – is the central theme of Liberalism.
Commitment to the individual and the
desire to construct a society that in
which man can satisfy their interest
and achieve fulfillment.
COMMITMENT

20. ● Individualism
● Freedom
● Reason
● Justice
● Toleration
Set of Values and Beliefs
of Liberalism

21. Types of Liberalism
Proposed that states are
constantly interacting
with each other and that
they value cooperation
as part of their own
interest.
It subscribed to egotistical
liberalism; have a belief in
negative freedom; the state
is regarded as best
necessary evil; have a
broadly positive view of civil
society.
Classical Liberalism Neoliberalism

22. It is derived from the term “conservation”.
It is a political philosophy that tends to
support the status quo and advocates
change only in moderation upholding the
value o tradition and seeks to preserve all
that is good about the past.
CONSERVATISM

23. Did you know?
EDMUND BRUKE
He is the founder of Modern Conservatism –
authored Reflections on the French Revolution
(1970) in which he said that “society is a
complex web of relationships among the past,
present and future.

24. CONSERVATISM
Change is not good
Something that has worked, even if it
not very well, is better than something
untried and unknown.

25. CONSERVATISM
Tradition is important; no human
reason can undo it.
Conservatives don not reject reasons
completely, but they would rather trust tradition
because they believe that tradition contains
accumulated wisdom of past generations.

26. CONSERVATISM
The world changes so does the
conservatives.
They do not want to conserve all the past they
want to conserve what they believe in the past.

27. CONSERVATISM
Conservatives believe that human
reason can devise a solution to
human problems.

28. It is derived from the word “socialist” in Latin
“social” meaning to combine or to share. It is an
economic and political doctrine governmental
ownership and direction of production and
services, but which would retain the existing
institutions as the means of regulating them.
SOCIALISM

29. SOCIALISM
Cooperation is preferred over
competition.
Social equality is the main way to
attain social stability and cohesion

30. It is a moderate or reformist brand of socialism
that favor a balance between the market and
the state rather than abolition of capitalism. It is
an ideological stance that support a full balance
between market capitalism and state
intervention.
SOCIAL DEMOCRACY

31. SOCIAL DEMOCRACY
It lacks a systematic underkying theories
and is inherently vague. ● Heywood, 2011
It is the mildest form of socialism
stressing welfare measure but not sate
ownership of industry. ● RoskinS, 2012

32. It is an economic , social and political
system seeking government ownership of
the means of production and services
directed by a process of scientific
administration and universal assent.
COMMUNISM

33. It is an extremely left-wing ideology ,
based on the revolutionary socialist
teachings of Karl Marx, characterized by
a collective ownership and a planned
economy.
COMMUNISM

34. Each should work to
their capability and
will receive according
to their needs.

35. It is derived from an Italian word “fasces”
which means a bundle of rod with an
axe-blade protruding that signified the
authority of magistrates in Imperial
Rome.
FASCISM

36. An Italian word used which refers to or
band not until Benito Mussolini employed
the term Fascism to describe the armed
parliamentary squad he formed during
and after World War I.
FASCIA

37. SALIENT FEATURES OF FASCISM
Totalitarianism
Anti-liberalism
Militarism and Violence
Leadership
Nationalism

38. It is an unusual political ideology. The
word fundamentalism is taken from the
Latin word Fundamental, meaning
“base”.
RELIGIOUS
FUNDAMENTALISM

39. RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM
It is associated with inflexibility,
dogmatism, authoritarianism, or worst
violence.
It is characterized by rejection of the
distinction between politics and
religion.

40. Themes of Religious Fundamentalism
Religion as politics
Anti-modernism
Militancy
The fundamentalist impulse

41. It is derived from Latin Word “Femina”
meaning “women or female” concerned
with the attainment of gender equality in
political, economic and social spheres of
life.
FEMINISM

42. The women experienced a
poor state in society as a
consequence of patriarchy,
male domination of women.

43. It is an ideology focusing on the idea that
environment is endangered and must be
preserved through regulation and
lifestyle changes. (Roskins, 2012)
ENVIRONMENTALISM

44. Its concern is about natural environment
and particular about reducing the
environmental degradation that is more
of a policy orientation rather than
ideological stance.

45. Choose one from the ideologies
studies in the lesson and create an
acrostic poem from one of its key
concepts. The poem may either
define the concept of the ideology
as a whole.
Activity: Acrostic Poem

46. Thank you!
Happy Learning!