This document defines the key types of variables in an experiment: independent variables, which are the conditions that can be changed; dependent variables, which are the conditions that are measured; and controlled variables, which are kept constant. It provides an example of an experiment where the independent variable is the type of fertilizer brand (Brand A vs. Brand B), the dependent variable is the yield of corn fruits, and the controlled variables are the amount of fertilizer, water, and sunlight given to each plant.

4. Variables are the measurable
characteristics, factors, or
parameters that can be
modified or changed in an
experiment.

5. t TYPES OF
VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE
DEPENDENT
VARIABLE
CONTROLLED
VARIABLE

6. t
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: types of soil
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: height of the
plant

7. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
A.K.A. “manipulated variables”
It is the cause why there is a change in another variable in an experiment
Variable or condition that you can changed in an experiment.

8. The effect of the changes that you made in the independent variable.
Variable or condition that you measure or observe .
A.K.A. “responding variables”

9. Are kept constant so they will not affect or influence the outcome of the
experiment.
A.K.A. “constant variables”
Variable or condition that keeps constant or unchanged during an experiment.

10. t

11. t

12. t
Christian wants to find out what brand of fertilizer is more
effective in making a corn plant yield more fruits. He decided
to design an experiment. He planted a corn plant in pot A,
and added Brand a as a fertilizer. He planted another corn
plant in pot B and, added Brand B as fertilizer. Christian
made sure to give each corn plant the same amount of
fertilizer, water, and sunlight. He recorded his observation in
a span of three months. INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE:
DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
CONTROLLED
VARIABLE:

13. t
•
•

14. t

15. t

16. t

17. t

18. t

19. t

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