Basically this presentation is about type of sentences in English

1. TYPES OF SENTENCES
MS. SYEDA SANAATIQUE
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

2. A sentence is a group of words that we can use to
communicate our ideas. It is a group of words that usually
contains a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete idea.
(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English , 1978)
Every sentence is formed of one or more clauses.
What is a Sentence?

3. PHRASE
A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb
component, used as a single part of speech.
Examples:
Best friend
Needing help
With the blue shirt
For twenty days

4. CLAUSE
A clause is a group of words containing a subject and
verb. An independent clause is a simple sentence. It can
stand on its own.
Examples:
She is hungry.
I am feeling well today.

5. Independent or Main Clause : Expresses a complete
thought and may stand as a sentence.
Structure : Subject + Verb
Sarah arrived home.
Sarah ate a sandwich.
All grammatically correct sentences have at least one
independent clause, and, therefore, they have at least one subject
and one verb.
Types of Clauses

6. Dependent or Subordinate Clause : It does not express a
complete thought so cannot stand on its own, and must be
combined with at least an independent clause to make a complete
thought and therefore a sentence. A dependent clause cannot act
as a complete sentence because it begins with a subordinating
word, such
as when, because, if, whoever, etc.
Structure: Subordinating conjunction + Subject + Verb
After Sarah arrived home
 When the dog barks.
Types of Clauses

7. Note: Although this contains a subject and a verb it is not a
complete thought.
To make the dependent clause a complete thought we need an
independent clause with it.
After Sarah arrived home, she ate a sandwich.
Dependent clause + Independent clause = Complete thought

8. Types of Sentences
Sentences are divided into four categories:
❑Simple sentences
❑Compound sentences
❑Complex sentences
❑Compound-complex sentences

9. Simple Sentences
Definition:
A simple sentence contains one independent clause.
Examples
❑Ali ride his bike to school.
❑Who is your best friend?
❑She ate her lunch, took a walk, and went back to work.

10. Compound Sentences
Definition
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses. A coordinating
conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) often links the two
independent clauses and is preceded by a comma.
Examples
❑She wanted to go on vacation, so she saved up her money.
❑I like apples, but my sister loves bananas.
❑Tahira loves to read, and she also loves to hike.

11. Compound Sentences
You can also make a compound sentence by joining two
logically related independent clauses by using a semicolon, and
a transition.
By using a semicolon:
Structure: Independent Clause ; Independent Clause
e.g., I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do.
By using a transition:
Structure: Independent Clause ; transition , Independent
Clause
e.g., I love Karachi ; however, I hate the traffic.

13. Complex Sentences
Definition
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more
dependent clauses. A complex sentence will include at least one
subordinating conjunction.
When the dependent clause is placed before the independent clause, the
two clauses are divided by a comma; otherwise, no punctuation is
necessary.
Examples
❑ She went to class even though she was sick.
❑ As Jawad was arriving to work, he realized he forgot his lunch.
❑ While I enjoy classical music, I prefer rock and roll because I play the
drums.

14. Complex Sentences
Complex Sentences use a comma after a dependent clause if
it begins the sentence.
Example:
Structure:
Dependent clause , Independent
Clause
When I was going to market , I saw a beautiful bird.
Because the soup was too cold, I warmed it in the
microwave.
After eating lunch at The Patio, Tim went to the gym to exercise.

17. References
Andersen,S.A.(2015,March).SentenceTypesandFunctions.
Retrievedfrom
https://www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter/docs/handouts/Sentence Types an
d Functions.pdf
Clause.(1978). Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English .
Retrieved from https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/clause
Difference between clause and sentence with examples - Learn English.
(n.d.).RetrievedMay8,2020,from
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