This document discusses various types of media and plating techniques used in microbiology. It covers topics like cultivation of bacteria, purpose of culturing, types of culture media including defined, complex, supportive, enriched, selective, and differential media. It describes common media components and important culturing methods like pour plate, spread plate, streak plate, and liquid culture. Colony morphology and its importance in identification is also discussed.
Capsule is an layer around the bacteria cell which gives bacteria the protection and pathogenicity. Staining such an layer is difficult with the normal stains so it is necessary to stain the background and the cell itself which makes the capsule appear colourless.
Details about all type of culture media for growing the bacteria,
the basic constituents of culture media
types of media
simple media
special media
complex media
transport media
sugar media
anaerobic media
Preservation of industrially important microorganisms, methods of preservation, periodic transfer, storage in saline suspension, storage in sterile soil, cryopreservation
Capsule is an layer around the bacteria cell which gives bacteria the protection and pathogenicity. Staining such an layer is difficult with the normal stains so it is necessary to stain the background and the cell itself which makes the capsule appear colourless.
Details about all type of culture media for growing the bacteria,
the basic constituents of culture media
types of media
simple media
special media
complex media
transport media
sugar media
anaerobic media
Preservation of industrially important microorganisms, methods of preservation, periodic transfer, storage in saline suspension, storage in sterile soil, cryopreservation
Nutritional requirements of bacteria and nutrient media (2) copyvinaya warad
To understand nutritional requirements of bacteria
To study nutritional classification of bacteria
To study constituents of nutrient media
To understand types of nutrient media.
To understand uses of different nutrient media
Culture media is necessary to grow microorganisms in pure culture under laboratory conditions. Solid and liquid media are commonly used in Microbiology. This slide show narrates the properties of solid and liquid media as well as about common types of media like nutrient agar, nutrient broth etc. Also the role of different components in microbial media are described with special emphasis to the properties of agar which is a universal solidifying agent..
A simple lecture for the description of the various culture media used for isolation of different bacteria in a pure form for further identification procedures.
Nutrient media – A source of amino acids and nitrogen (e.g., beef, yeast extract). This is an undefined medium because the amino acid source contains a variety of compounds with the exact composition being unknown
It has been developed for the detection, enumeration & identification of bacteria & yeasts in clinical specimens.
It is an instrument used for automatic computer-assisted identification of bacteria
It mainly involves staining, motility test, cultural characteristics, a series of biochemical tests.
The automatic bacteria identification system automatically identifies the bacteria in very short time.
Nutritional requirements of bacteria and nutrient media (2) copyvinaya warad
To understand nutritional requirements of bacteria
To study nutritional classification of bacteria
To study constituents of nutrient media
To understand types of nutrient media.
To understand uses of different nutrient media
Culture media is necessary to grow microorganisms in pure culture under laboratory conditions. Solid and liquid media are commonly used in Microbiology. This slide show narrates the properties of solid and liquid media as well as about common types of media like nutrient agar, nutrient broth etc. Also the role of different components in microbial media are described with special emphasis to the properties of agar which is a universal solidifying agent..
A simple lecture for the description of the various culture media used for isolation of different bacteria in a pure form for further identification procedures.
Nutrient media – A source of amino acids and nitrogen (e.g., beef, yeast extract). This is an undefined medium because the amino acid source contains a variety of compounds with the exact composition being unknown
It has been developed for the detection, enumeration & identification of bacteria & yeasts in clinical specimens.
It is an instrument used for automatic computer-assisted identification of bacteria
It mainly involves staining, motility test, cultural characteristics, a series of biochemical tests.
The automatic bacteria identification system automatically identifies the bacteria in very short time.
The process of growing microorganisms in culture by taking bacteria from the infection site (in vivo or environment) and grow them in artificial environment in the laboratory (in vitro).
Bacteria may require adequate nutrition, optimum pH, temperature and oxygen for growth and multiplication.
Suitable artificial media containing sources of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and other elements such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron and growth factor (Vitamins) in very small amounts have been used for cultivation of microorganism.
When microorganisms are cultivated in the laboratory, a growth environment called a medium is used. The medium may be purely chemical (a chemically defined medium), or it may contain organic materials, or it may consist of living organisms such as fertilized eggs.
Microorganisms growing in or on such a medium form a culture.
A culture is considered a pure culture if only one type of organism is present and a mixed culture if populations of different organisms are present.
When first used, the culture medium should be sterile, meaning that no form of life is present before inoculation with the microorganism.
It gives the general knowledge about plant tissue culture. As this topic is an important aspects of plant biotechnology, it will remind a brief idea about why it is necessary.
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
3. Topics to be covered:
Cultivation or culture of bacteria
Purpose of culturing
Culture medium
Types of culture medium
Culturing method for microbes
4. Cultivation/Culture of Bacteria
• A microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microorganisms by
letting them reproduce in pre-determined culture media under
controlled laboratory conditions.
• Microbial cultures are used to determine the type of organisms, its
abundance in the sample being tested, or broth.
5. Types of culture media:
Defined media Complex media
A defined media refers to a medium having a
known concentration of ingredients, like sugar
(glucose or glycerol) and nitrogen source
(such as ammonium salt or nitrate as
inorganic nitrogen).
In complex media, which contain extracts and digests
of yeasts, meat, or plants, the precise chemical
composition of the medium is not known. Amounts of
individual components are undetermined and
variable. Nutrient broth, tryptic soy broth, and
chocolate agar, are all examples of complex media.
6. Functional types of Media:
• Supportive media contain nutrients that will enable a wide variety of most non-
fastidious microbes to grow. Media supplemented by blood or other special nutrients
(eg blood agar) to allow growth of organisms that cannot grow on general purpose
media. E.g. tryptic soy agar, and brain heart infusion agar.
• Enriched media is the use of certain growth media to favor the growth of a particular
microorganism over others, enriching a sample for the microorganism of interest.
Enrichment cultures are used to increase a small number of desired organisms to
detectable levels. E.g. Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Loeffler's serum, MacConkey agar,
Lowenstein-Jensen media.
• Selective media generally selects for the growth of a desired organism, stopping the
growth of or altogether killing non-desired organisms.
• Differential media takes advantage of biochemical properties of target organisms, often
leading to a visible change when growth of target organisms are present.
MacConkey agar is both selective & differential media since it have lactose and neutral
red dye bacteria's catabolize and release an acidic pigment of red colour on pink media.
7. Important components present in all types media:
Protein sources: Peptones.
Carbon / Nitrogen / Vitamin sources: Yeast extract.
Indicators: Eosin, Methylene blue, Crystal Violet… etc.,
8. Purpose of culturing:
• Isolation
• To create antigens for laboratory use
• Estimate viable counts
• Maintain stock cultures
• Long term storage of cultures
9. What is a culture medium????
The food material or substances required for
growing microorganisms in-vitro (outside the
body) is called culture medium.
10. Types of culture media:
Classification based on physical state
a) Solid medium
b) Semi-solid medium
c) Liquid medium
Classification based on ingredients
a) Simple medium
b) Complex medium
c) Synthetic or defined medium
d) Special medium
11. Classification based on physical state
• Solid medium : Agar is the most
commonly used solidifying agent.
• Semi-solid medium : Such media are
soft and are useful in demonstrating
bacterial motility and separating motile
from non-motile strains.
• Liquid medium : are sometimes
referred as broth.
12. Classification based on ingredients
I. Simple media : Nutrient agar, nutrient broth
II. Complex media : It has ingredients that exact
chemical composition is unknown.
III. Synthetic or defined media : Prepared from
pure chemical substances for research purpose
and every chemical composition is known.
IV. Special media : a) Enriched media b) Selective
media c) Differential media d) Transport media
e) Anaerobic media
13. What is agar and why its being used in media??
• Agar, also called agar-agar, gelatin-like product made primarily from the red algae Gelidium and
Gracilaria (division Rhodophyta).
• Extracted from seaweed, it is a plant-based gelatin.
• The addition of agar-agar (a complex carbohydrate extracted from seaweed) results in a solid medium. Agar is an
ideal solidifying agent for microbiological media because of its melting properties and because it has
no nutritive value for the vast majority of bacteria.
• Agar media is essential for the study of microorganisms and molecular biology and is widely used in the
culture and detection of pathogens from contaminated food and water.
• It’s a good hardening agent since microbes cannot degrade it.
• In addition, due to its porous 3D framework, agar is frequently used in biomolecular separation and
purification – Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
15. STROKE CULTURE
• Stroke culture is made in tubes
containing agar slope or slant.
• Uses: Provide a pure growth of
bacterium for slide agglutination
and other diagnostic tests.
16. Stab culture
• Prepared by puncturing with a long
straight, charged wire in a suitable
medium such as nutrient gelatin or
glucose agar.
• Uses : a) Demonstration of gelatin
liquefaction.
b) Oxygen requirements of
the bacterium under study.
c) Maintenance of stock
cultures.
19. The pour plate and spread plate culture
Pour plate method
• In this method the diluted microbial
sample is taken in petri dish and culture
media was added in which the agar is in
melted state.
• It is pored over the bacterial sample, which
is then mixed into the medium by gentle
agitation of the plate.
• It gives an estimate of the viable
bacterial count in a suspension.
Spread plate method
• Small volume of diluted mixture
containing approximately 30-300 cells is
transferred
• Spread evenly over surface with a sterile
bent rod
• The pour plate approach allows for more
sensitivity, so is ideal for samples with
lower bacterial numbers.
21. STREAK CULTURE
• Used for the isolation of bacteria in pure culture from clinical specimens.
• One loop full of the specimen is transferred onto the surface of a well dried plate.
• Spread over a small area at the periphery.
• The inoculum is then distributed thinly over a plate by streaking it with a loop in a
series of parallel lines in different segments of the plate.
• On incubation, separated colonies are obtained over the last series of streaks.
23. Bacterial colony morphology and its importance??
Colony morphology is the visual culture characteristics of a bacterial colony on an agar plate. Observing colony
morphology is an important skill used in the microbiology laboratory to identify microorganisms.
24. LIQUID CULTURE
• Inoculated by touching with a charged loop or by
adding the inoculum with pipettes or syringes.
• Method employed for blood culture and for
sterility tests.
• Preferable for inoculum containing antibiotics and
other antibacterial substances.
• Preferred when large yields are desired.
• Liquid culture is more suitable than agar
when working in the absence of a laminar
flow hood.
