Types of feedback direct and indirect feedback corrective and non-corrective feedback feedback for motivation

1. Types of Feedback
Presented by:
Siwar Bdioui
The Higher Institute of Applied Studies in
Humanities of Tunis
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2. Content
Definition of Feedback
Feedback for Motivation
Corrective Feedback
 Explicit CF or direct Feedback
 Implicit CF or indirect Feedback
 Coded Feedback
Feedback on Writing
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3. Definition of Feedback
Based on Hattie and Timperley’s (2007) work,
feedback can be defined as “ information
provided by an agent with respect to one’s
performance or understanding” (81).
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4. Feedback for motivation
Based on research results, some researchers
postulate that feedback in learning and teaching is
beneficial for learners (Bitchner, 2008; Evan,
Hartshorn, & Strong-Krause, 2011; Leki, 1991).
Giving feedback is a crucial concern for teachers.
Feedback affects learners 'motivation in many
different ways
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5. Grass and Selinker (2001) stated that motivation
is a social psychological factor and a predictor of
success in L2 (second language) learning. They
(2001) stated further “ it makes sense when
individuals who are motivated will learn another
language faster and to a greater degree” (p.349)
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6. Corrective Feedback
Researchers has suggested that CF (corrective
feedback) is associated with L2 learning, because
it leads learners to notice L2 forms (Bitchener &
Basturkmen, 2009).
There are two types of CF:
Explicit CF ( Direct Feedback) :
Is defined in general as “the process of providing
the learner with direct forms of feedback”
(Varnosfadrani and Basturkmen, 2009, p.83).
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7. In writing scheme, Bitchener and Knoch (2010)
claimed that explicit correction provides for
correction of linguistic form or structure at or near
linguistic error. They explained further that this
feedback can be the crossing out of a word, phrase,
the provision of grammar rules.
In other words the teacher identifies an error and
corrects it for the student, providing an example of
the proper form
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8.  Implicit Feedback (Indirect Feedback):
Indirect CF is defined as furnishing the type of
error that has been made but not providing a
correction (Bitchener & Knoch, 2010;
Bitchener, Young & Cameron, 2005)
(i.e. Feedback where the educator points out
that an error has been made but does not
correct it. The students must identify and correct
the error themselves.)
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9. Coded feedback:
Is a combination of direct and indirect feedback.
Using a predetermined legend, the teacher
indicates the presence and type of an error with
a symbol. The students must locate and correct
the error themselves.
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10. Feedback on writing
Feedback is an essential part of the writing process.
Students must be able to receive feedback. However,
it is important also for the teacher to know how to
give constructive feedback in dealing with students’
writings.
Feedback is not the same thing as criticism. At its
best, feedback should be positive, negative, and
neutral. It is not a chance to attack. If you want your
feedback to be well received, you need to point out
what works in addition to what does not.
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11. Feedback can, and sometimes should, take the
form of a question. Anything that you have a
question about can be used as feedback. You might
ask the student, “What did you mean when you
wrote ______?” Another example could be “Where
did this information come from?” This is especially
useful if you think the student forgot something.
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12. Feedback should not be personal; it should be
about the writing, not the student. The purpose of
giving feedback on writing is to improve the
document in front of you and help the student to
improve, not to tell the student what he or she is
doing wrong.
Feedback must be clear and complete. Telling a
student something does or does not work without
explaining why will be useless and meaningless.
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13. Error Correction
 Selective correction: choose several major
patterns of error, rather than all types of errors.
 Comprehensive correction: give detailed
feedback, so that students are not mislead
about correctness if the teachers do not mark all
errors
 Direct Feedback: teachers write the correct
form on student’s paper.
 Indirect Feedback: allows the student to
engage in guided problem-solving
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