Twins are two offspring from the same pregnancy, usually born close together. They can be the same or different sex. Identical twins result from one fertilized egg that splits, while fraternal twins develop from two separate eggs fertilized in the same pregnancy. Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals, and it occurs naturally in some species or can be done through DNA transfer techniques in biotechnology and molecular biology. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent where the offspring is genetically identical, and it can occur through various cell division or budding processes.

2. Twins are two offspring
resulting from the same
pregnancy, usually born
in close succession.
They can be the same or
different sex.

3. Identical Twins Fraternal Twins Conjoined Twins

4. As off springs reproduced by
fertilization.
The fertilized egg now called zygote
divides one time, resulting into two
cells.
By the sixth day after fertilization, the
zygote implants itself in the uterine
wall & continues to develop for nine
months.
After implantation the baby is called
an embryo.
Around week nine of development it is
called a fetus.
Now Twins are formed.

6. Cloning is the process of
producing similar populations
of genetically identical
individuals that occurs in nature
when organisms such
as bacteria, insects
or plants reproduce asexually.
Cloning in biotechnology refers
to processes used to create
copies of DNA fragments.

7. DNA cloning or molecular
cloning refers to the process in
which DNA fragments are
transferred of interest from one
organism to a self-replicating
genetic element such as a
bacterial plasmid. The DNA of
interest can then be propagated
in a foreign host cell. This
technology has become common
practice in molecular biology
labs even today.

8. Reproductive cloning is a
technology used to generate an
animal that has the same nuclear
DNA as another currently or
previously existing animal. This
process was the one used to create
Dolly. This process is called
somatic cell nuclear transfer or
SCNT.

10. Asexual reproduction is a
mode of reproduction by
which offspring arise from
a single parent, and
inherit the genes of that
parent only.

11. It is the simplest and most
common method of asexual
reproduction. The whole
parental body acts as the
reproductive unit. The nucleus
of the unicellular parent
organism divides into two. This
is followed by the division of the
cytoplasm and 2 daughter cells
of almost equal size are formed.
The daughter cells grow in size
and then divide again.

12. In some organisms the nucleus
of the parent divides into many
daughter nuclei by repeated
divisions (amitosis). This is
followed by the division of the
cytoplasm into several parts
with each part enclosing one
nucleus. So a number of
daughter cells are formed from
a single parent at the same time.
This kind of fission is known as
multiple fission.

13. A new organism develops from
an outgrowth or bud on another
one. The new organism remains
attached as it grows, separating
from the parent organism only
when it is mature, leaving
behind scar tissue. Since the
reproduction is asexual, the
newly created organism is a
clone and is genetically
identical to the parent
organism.

14. In some organisms the
body of the organism
breaks into several parts.
Each part then develops
into a complete organism.