This document discusses virtual manipulatives, which are computer-based replicas of physical math manipulatives that can be used online. Virtual manipulatives allow students to interact with dynamic representations of objects to build math knowledge and link concepts to prior learning. They are modeled after physical manipulatives like blocks, coins, and shapes. Research suggests virtual manipulatives may help students develop deeper understandings of concepts compared to physical ones alone. The document also compares features of physical and virtual manipulatives.

1. TUTORIAL 4
NURUL SYAMILAH
IZATHUL SAHERA
NUR A’TIKAH

2. Virtual manipulative
• Virtual manipulatives are essentially replicas of physical manipulatives placed on
the World Wide Web in the form of computer applets with additional
advantageous features.
• Moyer, Bolyard, and Spikell (2002) define a virtual manipulative as "an
interactive, Web-based visual representation of a dynamic object that presents
opportunities for constructing mathematical knowledge.“
• Virtual Manipulatives for Mathematics are interactive, Web-based or computer-
mediated visual representations of dynamic objects that present opportunities for
building mathematical knowledge. Virtual manipulatives allow both students and
teachers to concretely represent the abstract concepts that they are learning in
math classes and to link such concepts to their prior knowledge (Wikipedia)

3. • Virtual manipulatives are relatively new and they are modeled after
existing manipulatives such as base ten
blocks, coins, patternblocks, tangrams, spinners, rulers, fraction
bars, algebra tiles, geoboards, geometric plane, and solids figures.
They are usually in the form of Java or Adobe Flash applets.
Research suggests that students may also develop more complex
understandings of concepts when they use virtual manipulatives
(Moyer, Niezgoda, & Stanley, 2005)

4. Comparison of physical and virtual
manipulative material
Physical manipulative
material
Aspects virtual manipulative
material
Meaning Computer-manipulated
images or representations
Teacher Centre Student
Traditional Technology Modern
Use the material that
provide by teacher
Way of learning Students have to explore
Need cost Cost No cost online
Concrete or real material Material Can not be touch but can
be seen
Pencil, stick, sand Example of material Adobe flash applets

5. similirities
Both use
material
Have
objective
Student
understand
concepts
Students
enjoy
learning
mathematics
Teacher and
students
involved in
this lessons