The document discusses different types of superchargers used to increase the power output of internal combustion engines. It describes supercharging as increasing the inlet air density to provide more air to the engine. There are three main types discussed: centrifugal superchargers which are mechanically driven; roots superchargers which use lobes to force air into the intake; and vane superchargers which use spring-loaded vanes. The document also covers four arrangements for driving superchargers: gear-driven from the engine; with an exhaust turbine; coupled engine and turbine; and gear-driven with a free turbine.
The document discusses different types of combustion chambers used in spark ignition engines. It describes the T-head, L-head, I-head (overhead valve), and F-head combustion chamber designs. The T-head was the earliest type but was prone to knocking. The L-head and F-head were improvements that used a single camshaft but still had valves in the block. The overhead valve design with both valves in the cylinder head became most common after 1950 as it allows for higher compression ratios and improved performance. The document lists advantages of the overhead valve design such as reduced pumping losses and knock susceptibility.
The document discusses various factors that affect the efficiency of internal combustion engines such as specific heat, dissociation, premixed vs non-premixed fuel charges, and different types of losses in actual engine cycles compared to ideal cycles. It notes that the actual efficiency of a good engine is around 25% of the estimated efficiency from the ideal air standard cycle due to losses from factors like heat transfer, combustion, pumping, and blow-by. Fuel-air ratio can impact maximum power output due to chemical equilibrium losses. Variable specific heats can increase maximum pressure but decrease maximum temperature compared to constant specific heats.
This document discusses firing diagrams and intervals for single, two, three, and four cylinder engines. It explains that for four-stroke engines, the firing interval is 720° divided by the number of cylinders, and for two-stroke engines it is 360° divided by the number of cylinders. Diagrams are provided showing the firing order and interval for sample single, two, three, and four cylinder inline engines. Contact information is given at the end for further information.
This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
Universal joints and constant velocity joints allow a drive shaft to transmit power through a variable angle to accommodate different angles between the driving and driven shafts. A Rzeppa joint specifically consists of an inner and outer spherical shell with grooves that guide balls to allow angular movement between the input and output shafts up to 30 degrees.
Objectives of super charging
Mainly super charging is done to induct more amount of air into cylinder per unit times and hence to burn more amount of fuel to increase power output. Following are the objectives of supercharging
Internal Combustion Engines - Construction and Working (All you need to know,...Mihir Pai
The document discusses various components and systems of internal combustion engines, including:
- The crankshaft, connecting rod, camshaft, spark plug, drivetrain, turbochargers, carburetors, fuel injection systems, engine lubrication systems, rotary engines, two-stroke engines, and experimental five-stroke and six-stroke engines. It provides brief descriptions of how each component or system functions within an engine.
The document discusses different types of superchargers used to increase the power output of internal combustion engines. It describes supercharging as increasing the inlet air density to provide more air to the engine. There are three main types discussed: centrifugal superchargers which are mechanically driven; roots superchargers which use lobes to force air into the intake; and vane superchargers which use spring-loaded vanes. The document also covers four arrangements for driving superchargers: gear-driven from the engine; with an exhaust turbine; coupled engine and turbine; and gear-driven with a free turbine.
The document discusses different types of combustion chambers used in spark ignition engines. It describes the T-head, L-head, I-head (overhead valve), and F-head combustion chamber designs. The T-head was the earliest type but was prone to knocking. The L-head and F-head were improvements that used a single camshaft but still had valves in the block. The overhead valve design with both valves in the cylinder head became most common after 1950 as it allows for higher compression ratios and improved performance. The document lists advantages of the overhead valve design such as reduced pumping losses and knock susceptibility.
The document discusses various factors that affect the efficiency of internal combustion engines such as specific heat, dissociation, premixed vs non-premixed fuel charges, and different types of losses in actual engine cycles compared to ideal cycles. It notes that the actual efficiency of a good engine is around 25% of the estimated efficiency from the ideal air standard cycle due to losses from factors like heat transfer, combustion, pumping, and blow-by. Fuel-air ratio can impact maximum power output due to chemical equilibrium losses. Variable specific heats can increase maximum pressure but decrease maximum temperature compared to constant specific heats.
This document discusses firing diagrams and intervals for single, two, three, and four cylinder engines. It explains that for four-stroke engines, the firing interval is 720° divided by the number of cylinders, and for two-stroke engines it is 360° divided by the number of cylinders. Diagrams are provided showing the firing order and interval for sample single, two, three, and four cylinder inline engines. Contact information is given at the end for further information.
This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
Universal joints and constant velocity joints allow a drive shaft to transmit power through a variable angle to accommodate different angles between the driving and driven shafts. A Rzeppa joint specifically consists of an inner and outer spherical shell with grooves that guide balls to allow angular movement between the input and output shafts up to 30 degrees.
Objectives of super charging
Mainly super charging is done to induct more amount of air into cylinder per unit times and hence to burn more amount of fuel to increase power output. Following are the objectives of supercharging
Internal Combustion Engines - Construction and Working (All you need to know,...Mihir Pai
The document discusses various components and systems of internal combustion engines, including:
- The crankshaft, connecting rod, camshaft, spark plug, drivetrain, turbochargers, carburetors, fuel injection systems, engine lubrication systems, rotary engines, two-stroke engines, and experimental five-stroke and six-stroke engines. It provides brief descriptions of how each component or system functions within an engine.
Whirling of shafts occurs due to rotational imbalance of a shaft, even in the absence of external loads, which causes resonance to occur at certain speeds, known as critical speeds.
The document discusses combustion in diesel engines. It describes the four stages of combustion: ignition delay period, rapid combustion period, controlled combustion period, and after-burning period. It explains factors that affect the ignition delay period such as compression ratio, engine speed, fuel quality, and intake conditions. The document also discusses knock in diesel engines and different combustion chamber designs for diesel engines, including direct injection and indirect injection types.
The document discusses the Wankel rotary engine, describing its construction with a triangular rotor inside a stationary housing. It explains the four-stroke combustion cycle is accomplished differently than in a piston engine, with the rotor undergoing continuous unidirectional motion rather than stopping between strokes. Key advantages and challenges of the Wankel engine are outlined, including its higher power-to-weight ratio but also issues with sealing and emissions compared to piston engines.
This document discusses different combustion chamber designs for compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes direct injection (DI) and indirect injection (IDI) combustion chambers. DI chambers have the entire combustion space located in the cylinder and include open chambers with different cavity shapes. IDI chambers divide the combustion space between the cylinder and cylinder head. Types of IDI chambers include swirl chambers, precombustion chambers, and air cell chambers. The document also discusses mixture formation methods and provides details on the MAN combustion chamber design.
The gear box which is also known as the transmission system. It is the second element of the power train in an automobile. It is used to change the speed and torque of vehicle according to variety of road and load conditions.
Diesel engines differ from petrol/gasoline engines in that diesel engines ignite fuel via compression rather than with a spark plug. Diesel engines have higher compression ratios than petrol engines, ranging from 14:1 to 25:1. This makes diesel engines more efficient but also more expensive than petrol engines. While diesel engines have advantages like better fuel efficiency and reliability, they also have disadvantages like being noisier, producing more emissions, and being harder to start in cold weather. Both engine types are commonly used in vehicles, though diesel sees more use in larger transport like trucks and buses.
Jet propulsion works by discharging a fluid to generate thrust in the opposite direction of the jet. There are two types of jet engines: air-breathing and non-air breathing. Air-breathing engines like turbojets, turbofans, ramjets, and pulsejets use atmospheric air, while non-air breathing rocket engines contain their own oxidizer and fuel. Rocket engines provide thrust through momentum change and pressure difference of the exhaust gases. They are self-contained and can operate in a vacuum but require a large amount of propellant.
Air Injection and Solid Injection SystemParthivpal17
This document summarizes different types of fuel injection systems used in diesel engines. It describes air injection systems which inject fuel along with compressed air, but are not commonly used today. It also discusses solid injection and airless injection systems, categorizing them as common rail, individual pump and injector, or distributor injection systems. The common rail system uses a single high-pressure pump to supply fuel to a header or rail that distributes fuel to each injector. Individual pump systems have a separate pump for each injector. Distributor systems use a central pump and distributor block to time fuel injection.
This presentation discusses the two-stroke engine. A two-stroke engine completes the combustion process in one crankshaft revolution, obtaining one power stroke per revolution. It has fewer parts than a four-stroke engine and is lighter in weight. The basic parts are the piston, piston ring, spark plug, connecting rod, and crankshaft. The working principle is that the intake and exhaust are controlled by piston movement, with the fresh charge entering due to pressure differences and being compressed by the pumping action of the piston. Applications include dirt bikes, lawn mowers, outboard engines, and others.
4 stroke petrol engine and 4 stroke diesel engine Komal Kotak
This presentation is all about four stroke petrol engine and four stroke diesel engine from the subject elements of mechanical engineering in mechanical engineering in first year of mech. engineering.
This document summarizes different types of combustion chambers used in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes direct injection combustion chambers like shallow depth, hemispherical, cylindrical, and toroidal chambers. It also describes indirect injection combustion chambers like swirl, pre-ignition, and air-cell chambers. Each type of chamber is briefly explained along with advantages it provides in fuel combustion. Direct injection chambers inject fuel directly into the cylinder while indirect injection chambers use a pre-chamber to improve combustion.
The document provides an overview of 4-stroke diesel engines, including their history, workings, basic components, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine in the late 19th century. The key components of a diesel engine are then explained, along with a diagram of the 4 strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Advantages include efficiency and reliability while disadvantages include higher costs and noise compared to gasoline engines.
This document provides information about the steering system of an automobile. It discusses various components and angles of the steering system including camber, caster, king pin inclination, and toe-in/toe-out. It describes the functions of these components such as maintaining stability and returning the wheels to straight ahead position after a turn. The document is a report submitted by engineering students for their subject on automobile engineering focusing on the steering system.
This document contains formulas related to internal combustion engines. It defines formulas for calculating the indicated power of four-stroke and two-stroke engines, brake power, friction power, mechanical efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, relative efficiency, air standard efficiency, volumetric efficiency, specific output, and specific fuel consumption. The formulas are presented along with their variables and units of measurement. The document was prepared by students for a class on combustion engines.
The document discusses the design of connecting rods for internal combustion engines. It describes the functions of connecting rods as transmitting force between the piston and crankshaft. The dimensions and material selection of connecting rods are important considerations. Connecting rods must be strong enough to withstand buckling forces while also being as lightweight as possible. The document provides steps for calculating the cross-sectional dimensions, sizes of bearings, bolts, and other components of connecting rods based on engine specifications and safety factors.
The document discusses the purpose and components of engine lubrication systems. It describes three main types of lubrication systems - wet sump, dry sump, and mist lubrication. Wet sump systems are most common and utilize an oil pan and pump to circulate oil through the engine. Dry sump systems separate the oil reservoir from the engine using external tanks and pumps. Mist lubrication mixes oil with fuel for two-stroke engines. The properties, types, additives, and viscosity ratings of engine lubricating oils are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of superchargers used to boost engine power. It describes how superchargers work by compressing air delivered to the engine, allowing for more fuel and a more powerful combustion. The document categorizes superchargers based on their compression methods and discusses common types like roots, twin-screw, and centrifugal superchargers in detail. It also covers why superchargers are used, how they provide advantages over turbochargers, and concludes that superchargers are still a cost-effective way to significantly increase an engine's horsepower.
This pdf contains the multivalve engine description. the types of multivalve engine are also explain along with suitable pictures. the document gives idea the development in this technology today and market analysis
An axle is a central shaft that supports rotating wheels. On vehicles, the axle can be fixed to the wheels and rotate with them, or fixed to the vehicle with the wheels rotating around it. Bearings are provided where the axle is mounted. The document discusses different types of rear axles like full floating, semi floating, and three quarter floating axles. It also discusses front axles, describing them as either dead or live axles. Finally, it lists four types of stub axles used to connect front wheels to front axles: Elliot, reversed Elliot, Lamoine, and reversed Lamoine.
The document presents information on turbochargers for internal combustion engines. It discusses that a turbocharger uses an engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins a compressor to increase the mass of air entering the engine. This results in greater engine performance and power. The key components of a turbocharger are the turbine, compressor, and center housing. The objective is to improve volumetric efficiency by compressing ambient air before it enters the intake manifold at a higher pressure, allowing more air into the cylinders per stroke. The exhaust gases drive the turbine which powers the compressor, converting the exhaust's potential energy into rotational energy to drive the compressor.
This document presents a project presentation by six students at Seacom Engineering College on the study and demonstration of the principles of a turbocharger. It includes definitions of a turbocharger and supercharger, explanations of why turbochargers are used instead of superchargers, diagrams of key turbocharger components like the turbine, compressor, shaft, and housing. It also covers the Brayton cycle that turbochargers are based on and comparisons of naturally aspirated versus supercharged engine P-V diagrams. Application areas and improvements in turbocharger performance over time are summarized as well.
1. The document is a lab report submitted by Muhammad Awais about gas turbines. It discusses the introduction, working principle, types, cycles and thermal efficiency of gas turbines.
2. The working principle of gas turbines is the Brayton cycle, which has four processes - intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. The types discussed include jet engines, aeroderivative gas turbines, industrial gas turbines and microturbines.
3. The two cycles discussed are the open cycle and closed cycle. The document also examines improvements like regeneration, reheating and intercooling processes and their effects on efficiency.
Whirling of shafts occurs due to rotational imbalance of a shaft, even in the absence of external loads, which causes resonance to occur at certain speeds, known as critical speeds.
The document discusses combustion in diesel engines. It describes the four stages of combustion: ignition delay period, rapid combustion period, controlled combustion period, and after-burning period. It explains factors that affect the ignition delay period such as compression ratio, engine speed, fuel quality, and intake conditions. The document also discusses knock in diesel engines and different combustion chamber designs for diesel engines, including direct injection and indirect injection types.
The document discusses the Wankel rotary engine, describing its construction with a triangular rotor inside a stationary housing. It explains the four-stroke combustion cycle is accomplished differently than in a piston engine, with the rotor undergoing continuous unidirectional motion rather than stopping between strokes. Key advantages and challenges of the Wankel engine are outlined, including its higher power-to-weight ratio but also issues with sealing and emissions compared to piston engines.
This document discusses different combustion chamber designs for compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes direct injection (DI) and indirect injection (IDI) combustion chambers. DI chambers have the entire combustion space located in the cylinder and include open chambers with different cavity shapes. IDI chambers divide the combustion space between the cylinder and cylinder head. Types of IDI chambers include swirl chambers, precombustion chambers, and air cell chambers. The document also discusses mixture formation methods and provides details on the MAN combustion chamber design.
The gear box which is also known as the transmission system. It is the second element of the power train in an automobile. It is used to change the speed and torque of vehicle according to variety of road and load conditions.
Diesel engines differ from petrol/gasoline engines in that diesel engines ignite fuel via compression rather than with a spark plug. Diesel engines have higher compression ratios than petrol engines, ranging from 14:1 to 25:1. This makes diesel engines more efficient but also more expensive than petrol engines. While diesel engines have advantages like better fuel efficiency and reliability, they also have disadvantages like being noisier, producing more emissions, and being harder to start in cold weather. Both engine types are commonly used in vehicles, though diesel sees more use in larger transport like trucks and buses.
Jet propulsion works by discharging a fluid to generate thrust in the opposite direction of the jet. There are two types of jet engines: air-breathing and non-air breathing. Air-breathing engines like turbojets, turbofans, ramjets, and pulsejets use atmospheric air, while non-air breathing rocket engines contain their own oxidizer and fuel. Rocket engines provide thrust through momentum change and pressure difference of the exhaust gases. They are self-contained and can operate in a vacuum but require a large amount of propellant.
Air Injection and Solid Injection SystemParthivpal17
This document summarizes different types of fuel injection systems used in diesel engines. It describes air injection systems which inject fuel along with compressed air, but are not commonly used today. It also discusses solid injection and airless injection systems, categorizing them as common rail, individual pump and injector, or distributor injection systems. The common rail system uses a single high-pressure pump to supply fuel to a header or rail that distributes fuel to each injector. Individual pump systems have a separate pump for each injector. Distributor systems use a central pump and distributor block to time fuel injection.
This presentation discusses the two-stroke engine. A two-stroke engine completes the combustion process in one crankshaft revolution, obtaining one power stroke per revolution. It has fewer parts than a four-stroke engine and is lighter in weight. The basic parts are the piston, piston ring, spark plug, connecting rod, and crankshaft. The working principle is that the intake and exhaust are controlled by piston movement, with the fresh charge entering due to pressure differences and being compressed by the pumping action of the piston. Applications include dirt bikes, lawn mowers, outboard engines, and others.
4 stroke petrol engine and 4 stroke diesel engine Komal Kotak
This presentation is all about four stroke petrol engine and four stroke diesel engine from the subject elements of mechanical engineering in mechanical engineering in first year of mech. engineering.
This document summarizes different types of combustion chambers used in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes direct injection combustion chambers like shallow depth, hemispherical, cylindrical, and toroidal chambers. It also describes indirect injection combustion chambers like swirl, pre-ignition, and air-cell chambers. Each type of chamber is briefly explained along with advantages it provides in fuel combustion. Direct injection chambers inject fuel directly into the cylinder while indirect injection chambers use a pre-chamber to improve combustion.
The document provides an overview of 4-stroke diesel engines, including their history, workings, basic components, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine in the late 19th century. The key components of a diesel engine are then explained, along with a diagram of the 4 strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Advantages include efficiency and reliability while disadvantages include higher costs and noise compared to gasoline engines.
This document provides information about the steering system of an automobile. It discusses various components and angles of the steering system including camber, caster, king pin inclination, and toe-in/toe-out. It describes the functions of these components such as maintaining stability and returning the wheels to straight ahead position after a turn. The document is a report submitted by engineering students for their subject on automobile engineering focusing on the steering system.
This document contains formulas related to internal combustion engines. It defines formulas for calculating the indicated power of four-stroke and two-stroke engines, brake power, friction power, mechanical efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, relative efficiency, air standard efficiency, volumetric efficiency, specific output, and specific fuel consumption. The formulas are presented along with their variables and units of measurement. The document was prepared by students for a class on combustion engines.
The document discusses the design of connecting rods for internal combustion engines. It describes the functions of connecting rods as transmitting force between the piston and crankshaft. The dimensions and material selection of connecting rods are important considerations. Connecting rods must be strong enough to withstand buckling forces while also being as lightweight as possible. The document provides steps for calculating the cross-sectional dimensions, sizes of bearings, bolts, and other components of connecting rods based on engine specifications and safety factors.
The document discusses the purpose and components of engine lubrication systems. It describes three main types of lubrication systems - wet sump, dry sump, and mist lubrication. Wet sump systems are most common and utilize an oil pan and pump to circulate oil through the engine. Dry sump systems separate the oil reservoir from the engine using external tanks and pumps. Mist lubrication mixes oil with fuel for two-stroke engines. The properties, types, additives, and viscosity ratings of engine lubricating oils are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of superchargers used to boost engine power. It describes how superchargers work by compressing air delivered to the engine, allowing for more fuel and a more powerful combustion. The document categorizes superchargers based on their compression methods and discusses common types like roots, twin-screw, and centrifugal superchargers in detail. It also covers why superchargers are used, how they provide advantages over turbochargers, and concludes that superchargers are still a cost-effective way to significantly increase an engine's horsepower.
This pdf contains the multivalve engine description. the types of multivalve engine are also explain along with suitable pictures. the document gives idea the development in this technology today and market analysis
An axle is a central shaft that supports rotating wheels. On vehicles, the axle can be fixed to the wheels and rotate with them, or fixed to the vehicle with the wheels rotating around it. Bearings are provided where the axle is mounted. The document discusses different types of rear axles like full floating, semi floating, and three quarter floating axles. It also discusses front axles, describing them as either dead or live axles. Finally, it lists four types of stub axles used to connect front wheels to front axles: Elliot, reversed Elliot, Lamoine, and reversed Lamoine.
The document presents information on turbochargers for internal combustion engines. It discusses that a turbocharger uses an engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins a compressor to increase the mass of air entering the engine. This results in greater engine performance and power. The key components of a turbocharger are the turbine, compressor, and center housing. The objective is to improve volumetric efficiency by compressing ambient air before it enters the intake manifold at a higher pressure, allowing more air into the cylinders per stroke. The exhaust gases drive the turbine which powers the compressor, converting the exhaust's potential energy into rotational energy to drive the compressor.
This document presents a project presentation by six students at Seacom Engineering College on the study and demonstration of the principles of a turbocharger. It includes definitions of a turbocharger and supercharger, explanations of why turbochargers are used instead of superchargers, diagrams of key turbocharger components like the turbine, compressor, shaft, and housing. It also covers the Brayton cycle that turbochargers are based on and comparisons of naturally aspirated versus supercharged engine P-V diagrams. Application areas and improvements in turbocharger performance over time are summarized as well.
1. The document is a lab report submitted by Muhammad Awais about gas turbines. It discusses the introduction, working principle, types, cycles and thermal efficiency of gas turbines.
2. The working principle of gas turbines is the Brayton cycle, which has four processes - intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. The types discussed include jet engines, aeroderivative gas turbines, industrial gas turbines and microturbines.
3. The two cycles discussed are the open cycle and closed cycle. The document also examines improvements like regeneration, reheating and intercooling processes and their effects on efficiency.
The Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) was established in 1952 as the Railway Testing and Research Centre to investigate railway problems and provide design criteria and concepts in India. It was renamed RDSO in 1957. A turbocharger uses a turbine powered by exhaust gases to drive a compressor that increases the pressure and density of air supplied to an internal combustion engine, allowing it to burn more fuel and produce more power. Turbochargers force more air into the engine cylinders than normally aspirated engines through a compressor powered by a turbine on a shared shaft. They provide more efficient air-fuel mixing and allow locomotives to gain power without increasing engine size, but have disadvantages like turbo lag and increased complexity.
This document discusses turbochargers. It is authored by Afrasiab UW-15-EE-BSC-062, Farmanullah UW-15-EE-BSC-090, Ibadullah UW-15-EE-BSC-058, and Ihsan Elahi UW-15-EE-BSC-096. The document defines a turbocharger, explains how it works using exhaust gases to compress more air into the engine, and discusses its parts, design, sizing, and boost control. It also covers failures, maintenance issues, applications, advantages like improved fuel efficiency and power, and disadvantages such as cost and complex installation requirements.
An Analysis of Effect of Variable Compression Ratio in C.I. Engine Using Turb...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the effect of variable compression ratio in a single cylinder diesel engine using a turbocharger.
2) A turbocharger increases engine efficiency and performance by boosting the intake air pressure. This allows more air and fuel to enter the cylinders to increase power.
3) The study varies the compression ratio from 12.1 to 18.1 and analyzes the impact on performance parameters like brake power, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency at different loads.
The turbocharger improves engine performance by recycling exhaust energy to compress the intake air, allowing more fuel to be burned in each cylinder. Varying the compression ratio provides an opportunity to optimize these parameters.
Turbochargers increase an engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra compressed air into the combustion chamber. They have been used since the early 1900s but became more common in automobiles following the 1973 oil crisis. A turbocharger consists of a compressor and turbine connected by a shaft, with the turbine powered by exhaust gases that spin the compressor and force more air into the engine cylinders. Proper maintenance like regular oil changes is important to prevent failures and extend the life of turbocharger components exposed to high temperatures and pressures.
This document summarizes a student internship project on gas turbine performance simulation undertaken at Cranfield University. The project involved using Turbomatch software to simulate the off-design performance of 3 turbofan engines - CFM56-7B27, Rolls Royce Trent 1000, and Pratt & Whitney 4084. The student analyzed compressor maps, plotted performance parameters like thrust and SFC against turbine inlet temperature and ambient temperature, and compared results between 2 versions of Turbomatch software. The analysis provided insights into engine operation and limitations as well as improvements in the new Turbomatch version.
FABRICATION AND IMPLIMENTATION OF TUEBOCHARGER ON TWO STROKE VEHICLEijiert bestjournal
In present situation everybody in this world needs to ride a high powered,high fuel efficient and less emission two wheelers. In order to meet the requirements of the people an attempt have been made this in this proje ct to increase the power by using the exhaust gas of the engine by passing this gas o n to turbine compressor arrangement. This compressor compresses the fresh a ir and is sent to the carburetor. Now a days the demand of the fuel is increased beca use of turbocharger is important to increase the performance and the fuel efficiency is increased by using turbocharger.
LAT Improvement of Engine driven Screw Compressor using separate entry for Ai...IDES Editor
LAT (Limiting Ambient Temperature) of the Engine
and Compressor is a key operating parameter. To improve
the LAT separate air intake for compressor and engine is
provided. The comparative evaluation shows improvement of
LAT around 10 degrees.
A seminar presentation on performance of turbochargers in engines. A minor/ major project presentation for B.Tech/MTech students. for more seminar presentations log on to www.mechieprojects.com
The document presents a preliminary design of a turbofan engine aimed at achieving over 25,000 N of thrust with a thrust specific fuel consumption of less than 0.025 kg/s/kN. A MATLAB code was used to generate carpet plots of specific thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption for different bypass ratios, compressor pressure ratios, and bypass pressure ratios. The final optimal design parameters chosen were: a turbine inlet temperature of 1300 K, compressor pressure ratio of 30, bypass ratio of 6, bypass pressure ratio of 1.35, inlet diameter of 0.738 m, thrust of 25,050.9 N, and thrust specific fuel consumption of 0.0187 in order to meet mission requirements with high fuel efficiency.
After studying the chapter, readers should be able to explain the differences between turbochargers and superchargers, describe how boost levels are controlled, and discuss maintenance procedures. The document then provides details on how turbochargers and superchargers work, including describing the components, how boost is generated and controlled, and potential failure points.
The document provides details about installing a turbocharger on a 125cc single cylinder motorcycle engine to increase its efficiency. It discusses selecting the Honda Stunner CBF 125cc motorcycle for the project. It outlines the key steps for installing the turbocharger, including connecting the turbo inlet to the engine exhaust port, connecting the turbocharger to the air filter and carburetor, and installing an oil line and battery. The document also provides an overview of how a turbocharger works to force more air into the engine cylinders, thus allowing more fuel and resulting in increased power output.
The document discusses gas turbines used at an NFL power plant in Vijaipur. It provides details on the models, ratings, and loads of three gas turbine generators (GTGs). It then discusses heavy duty gas turbines from GE in terms of their configurations, frame sizes, speeds, and applications. The rest of the document goes into extensive technical details about the components, workings, inspections, and factors that influence gas turbines, including compressors, combustion systems, turbines, bearings, and more.
Internal Combustion Engine
There are two main types of heat engines: internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. In an internal combustion engine, fuel combustion occurs inside the engine cylinder and the hot gases directly power the piston. This includes gasoline/petrol engines. The four strokes of a petrol engine are: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. In the intake stroke, air/fuel mixture enters the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the mixture is compressed. In the power stroke, combustion powers the piston. In the exhaust stroke, spent gases are pushed out.
This document discusses the technology and operation of turbochargers. It describes the key parts of a turbocharger including the turbine, compressor, and bearing system. It explains how a turbocharger works by using the engine's exhaust gases to drive a turbine which spins a compressor to force more air into the engine, allowing for more power. It covers turbocharger sizing and response time, boost control methods like wastegates, potential failures, and the effects on engine performance and emissions.
The document discusses turbochargers, which are turbine-driven devices that force extra air into an engine's combustion chamber, improving efficiency and power output. It describes the three main components of a turbocharger - the turbine, compressor, and center housing. Turbochargers improve volumetric and thermal efficiencies by utilizing otherwise wasted exhaust gas energy. They increase power and efficiency while reducing an engine's weight and cost. Common applications include petrol and diesel cars, motorcycles, trucks, and aircraft. The document lists several turbocharger manufacturers and concludes that turbocharged vehicles have proven more efficient and powerful.
The document provides information on the basics of internal combustion (IC) engines. It discusses the differences between two-stroke and four-stroke engines, the sequence of operations in an IC engine cycle, valve timing diagrams for petrol and diesel engines, and comparisons of petrol and diesel engines. It also covers topics like scavenging, ignition systems, supercharging, lubrication, governing, carburetors, spark plugs, detonation, and octane ratings of fuels for spark ignition engines.
Gas turbine power plants can generate electricity quickly but have low efficiency. They work by compressing air, mixing it with fuel, and burning the mixture to drive a turbine. The turbine is connected to a generator to produce electricity. While gas turbines are simpler than steam plants, they have disadvantages like poor part-load efficiency and higher operating costs. Combined cycle plants that combine a gas and steam turbine can achieve higher overall efficiency.
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
EV Charging at MFH Properties by Whitaker JamiesonForth
Whitaker Jamieson, Senior Specialist at Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
What is a Catalytic Converter?: Learn about the function of catalytic converters in vehicles and why they are targeted by thieves.
Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
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Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa WarheitForth
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
What Could Be Behind Your Mercedes Sprinter's Power Loss on Uphill RoadsSprinter Gurus
Unlock the secrets behind your Mercedes Sprinter's uphill power loss with our comprehensive presentation. From fuel filter blockages to turbocharger troubles, we uncover the culprits and empower you to reclaim your vehicle's peak performance. Conquer every ascent with confidence and ensure a thrilling journey every time.
3. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
A turbocharger is a turbine driven device that increases an I.C
engine’s efficiency and power output.
Nearly 35% to 40% of heat energy supplied to engine goes in to
exhaust and will be wasted.
A part of this energy could be utilized to drive a gas turbine.
Which in turn runs a compressor and hence results in supply of
more air to the engine inlet. 3
4. PARTS of TURBOCHARGERPARTS of TURBOCHARGER
The different parts of turbocharger are as follows :
Exhaust gas turbine
Inlet air compressor
Coupling shaft
Inlet & exhaust manifold
Intercooler
Waste gate actuator
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6. CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
Turbine & compressor are coupled to the same shaft and are
mounted within the casing.
Turbine is attached to exhaust manifold while compressor is
attached to inlet manifold of the engine.
An intercooler is present in between the compressor and
engine inlet.
A waste gate actuator is connected to the exhaust manifold.
An oil inlet & outlet is present in between the turbine and
compressor for lubrication. 6
7. WORKINGWORKING
The exhaust gases from the engine enters in to turbine through
exhaust manifold.
Exhaust gases strikes the turbine blade and thus rotates the
turbine blade.
Thus heat energy of exhaust gas is converted in to kinetic
energy.
Since turbine and compressors are coupled to the same shaft as
turbine rotates compressor also rotates.
Thus rotating compressor sucks atmospheric air from air inlet.7
8. Cont...Cont...
The atmospheric air gets compressed by the compressor blades
The compressed air then enters in to the engine inlet through
inlet manifold.
Since the temperature of compressed air is high (65-95˚c) an
intercooler is provided in inlet manifold.
An intercooler reduce the temperature of compressed air & it
works similar to radiator.
Thus it maintains the density & quantity of compressed air
entering into engine.
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9. Cont...Cont...
The exhaust gases after rotating turbine blades leaves turbine
& ejected to atmosphere through muffler & silencer.
A waste gate is provided in exhaust manifold and is actuated by
waste gate actuator.
When large quantity of exhaust gas enters into exhaust
manifold waste gate actuator opens the waste gate.
Thus excess exhaust gas passes through the waste gate and
required quantity of gas enters into turbine.
Finally the gas from waste gate & turbine is ejected into
atmosphere.
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11. TURBOCHARGER LAGTURBOCHARGER LAG
It is the time period required for the exhaust gases to accelerate
the turbine & compressor.
It represents short delay period before the boost pressure
increases.
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12. ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
Increases thermal efficiency and power output of the engine.
Deduce emission and thus reduce air pollutants to the
atmosphere.
Required quantity of air supply is obtained and thus complete
combustion is possible.
Minimizes fuel consumption rate .
Proper air fuel mixture is obtained.
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13. DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
It requires special exhaust manifold.
Blade erosion takes place due to entry of dust particles.
Larger pumping elements or nozzles are needed. This
overloads cams.
Pressure ratio is high and it has to withstand high pressure.
It is bulky and heavy.
Poor response to load change.
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14. APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
Petrol powered cars like Porsche, Chevrolet.
Diesel powered cars like Mercedes Benz.
Motorcycles like Kawasaki.
In trucks and tractors.
In aircrafts.
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