This document discusses graphics and mouse programming in Turbo C. It describes several functions for initializing graphics mode, drawing shapes, displaying text, and setting colors. These functions include initgraph(), outtext(), rectangle(), setcolor(), and cleardevice(). It also covers mouse programming using interrupts, registers, and functions like int86() to get the mouse status, position, and button pressed. Input and output data is passed between registers like AX, BX, CX, and DX.

1. Graphics and Mouse Programming
in Turbo C

2. Graphics in Turbo C
1

3. Header file for Graphics Functions
graphics.h header file is included which contain
functions to draw different shapes, display text in
different fonts, change colors, etc.

4.  initgraph(); Used to initialize graphics mode.
Syntax: void initgraph ( int *driver, int *mode, char *path);
Initializing Graphical mode
 graphresult(); It returns error code if occur in initializing
graphics.
Syntax: int graphresult (void);
 grapherrormsg(); It returns corresponding error message
of error code.
Syntax: char grapherrormsg (int errorcode);

5.  outtext(); Used to print string in graphic mode at
current position.
Syntax: void outtext (char textstring);
Displaying Text on screen
 outtextxy(); Used to print string in graphic mode at
given coordinates.
Syntax: void outtextxy (int x, int y, char textstring);

7. Y axis
X axis

8.  setcolor(); It sets the color of lines.
Syntax: void setcolor (int COLOR);
Coloring
 setbkcolor(); It sets the background color of screen.
Syntax: void setbkcolor (int COLOR);

9. Table of Colors
COLOR Name Value
BLACK 0
BLUE 1
GREEN 2
CYAN 3
RED 4
MAGENTA 5
BROWN 6
LIGHTGRAY 7
DARKGRAY 8
LIGHTBLUE 9
LIGHTGREEN 10
LIGHTCYAN 11
LIGHTRED 12
LIGHTMAGENTA 13
YELLOW 14
WHITE 15
COLOR Name Value

10.  rectangle(); It draws an empty rectangle.
Syntax: void rectangle (int x, int y, int x+width, int y+height );
Drawing empty/solid Rectangles
 bar();
It draws a filled rectangle.Syntax: void bar (int x, int y, int x+width, int y+height );
It draws a filled rectangle.

11.  setfillstyle(); It sets current fill pattern and fill color.
Syntax: void setfillstyle (int fillpattern, int COLOR);
Fill styling
Fill Patterns:

12.  setlinestyle(); It sets current style of lines.
Syntax: void setlinestyle (int linestyle, unsigned upattern, int thickness);
Line styling
Line Styles:

13.  cleardevice(); It erases the screen and move CP to origin.
Syntax: void cleardevice (void);
Some more functions
 closegraph();
Syntax: void closegraph (void);
It closes the graphics mode and returns
the screen to text mode.

14. Mouse Programming in Turbo C
2

15. Mouse Programming
Mouse programming in C is done by interacting
with registers and interrupts. dos.h also include
functions for Mouse Programming.

16.  Interrupt: Signal sent by a hardware for immediate
processing is known as interrupt.
Interacting with interrupts
 Register: Small data holding place of Processor.
 int86();
Syntax: int int86 (int interrupt, union REGS *inreg, union REGS *outreg);
This function is used to interact with
interrupts using registers.
The interrupt for Mouse is: 0x33

17. Union Data Type
union is a special data type in C which allows to
store different data types in the same memory
location.
Example:
union Data {
int I; float f;
} data;

18.  First Parameter of int86() function is 0x33 to interact with Mouse.
 Second Parameter is address of a union REGS type integer which is
used to input data for interrupt.
 Third Parameter is also address of a union REGS type integer in
which output by interrupt is stored.
 Both union REGS type variables are declared before main()
function. Like:
Using int86();
union REGS input, output;

19.  ax, bx, cx and dx register are used to input and output data.
 Syntax to input and out data from registers is:
Using int86();
// To send data to register
input.x.ax = 0;
int86( 0x33, &input, &output);
// Now output.x.ax is storing out from interrupt

20. Input Description Output
AX = 0 Get mouse
status
If AX = 0, Mouse
support isn’t
available
AX = 1
Show Mouse
Pointer
__
AX = 3 Get cursor
position
CX = X axis,
DX = Y axis
AX = 3 Which Mouse
button is pressed
BX = 0  No
BX = 1  Left
BX = 2  Right