Tunisia unrest
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The document summarizes the 2011 Tunisian unrest that led to the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. It provides background on Tunisia's politics and economy. It then describes how protests erupted in December 2010 in response to high unemployment and corruption, triggered by the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi. The protests grew significantly over the next few weeks despite government attempts to placate the protesters. On January 14, 2011, with the protests becoming violent, Ben Ali fled the country, bringing an end to his 23-year rule.
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The document summarizes the role of social media in the 2010-2011 Tunisian Revolution that overthrew the authoritarian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. It describes how:
1) Widespread dissatisfaction and the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi sparked protests that spread nationwide despite a crackdown.
2) Activists used social media like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to organize protests, spread information and videos of government violence, and coordinate responses as the situation rapidly changed.
3) International attention amplified their message and helped turn the movement into a "viral phenomenon" that ultimately led to Ben Ali fleeing the country on January 14, 2011, ending 23 years of repress
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The document summarizes the 2011 Tunisian Revolution that sparked the Arab Spring uprisings. It provides context around growing unrest in Tunisia under authoritarian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. It then describes how the self-immolation of street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi in December 2010 acted as a catalyst, igniting mass protests against poverty, corruption, and lack of political freedom. Within weeks, the scale of demonstrations forced Ben Ali to flee the country, marking the first success of the Arab Spring. The revolution established Tunisia as a fledgling democracy, though instability remained in other countries like Libya, Egypt, and Syria.
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Work about the Arab Sprind done by the students Laida Antxia, Maddalen Sarasola, Ane Unanue and Paula Velazquez.
Dictature ben ali
Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali ruled Tunisia as a dictator from 1989 to 2011. He was elected president five times, receiving over 89% of votes due to excluding opposition parties and intimidating voters. Ben Ali and his family embezzled billions from Tunisia and cracked down on dissent, arresting journalists and political activists. Growing public unrest over corruption and lack of freedoms culminated in the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in protest of government abuse. Mass protests spread nationwide in response, and faced violent repression from security forces until the army intervened as a mediator. On January 14, 2011, with revolution imminent, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia, ending his repressive 23-
Ppt
The document summarizes the Tunisian Revolution, also known as the Jasmine Revolution. It began in December 2010 when a street vendor self-immolated in protest of police confiscating his unlicensed cart. Despite censorship, people in Sidi Bouzid used social media and protests to spread word of the uprising. The protests grew in sophistication with help from local labor unions and opposition activists, eventually leading to the ousting of the Tunisian government.
Tunisia: A Divergent Path
Here are 3 key sources that provide background information on Tunisia:
1. The Middle East (Text) - Provides an in-depth country profile of Tunisia covering history, politics, economy, foreign relations and more.
2. "Twenty Years of Change: Tunisia's Journey of Progress Continues" - Discusses Tunisia's political and economic development over 20 years leading up to 2008.
3. "Tunisia Country Report" from Economist Intelligence Unit - A comprehensive report analyzing Tunisia's political and economic situation, including forecasts.
The Arab Springs
The Arab Spring was a series of protests and uprisings in the Middle East that began in Tunisia in late 2010 in response to corruption, lack of political freedom, poor economic prospects, and repressive regimes. The protests spread to other countries including Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria. In Tunisia and Egypt, the presidents were ousted, but both countries faced ongoing instability and power struggles during their transition periods. In Libya, civil war broke out and NATO intervened, allowing rebels to take control, but the country remains divided. Yemen's president resigned under pressure but the country faces ongoing violence and poor economic conditions. Bahrain's protests were crushed by military intervention while Syria's protests led to a full
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The document summarizes the role of social media in the 2010-2011 Tunisian Revolution that overthrew the authoritarian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. It describes how:
1) Widespread dissatisfaction and the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi sparked protests that spread nationwide despite a crackdown.
2) Activists used social media like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to organize protests, spread information and videos of government violence, and coordinate responses as the situation rapidly changed.
3) International attention amplified their message and helped turn the movement into a "viral phenomenon" that ultimately led to Ben Ali fleeing the country on January 14, 2011, ending 23 years of repress
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The document outlines important dates and events surrounding the 2010-2011 Jasmignity revolution in Tunisia. It begins with context on Tunisia's history of French colonization and independence. It then details key events from December 2010 onward, including a street vendor's self-immolation sparking protests, the president's attempts to quell unrest, a growing lawyers' and unions' strike, increasing clashes between protesters and security forces, and the president ultimately fleeing the country on January 14, 2011. The revolution led to consequences including the end of over 23 years of the repressive Ben Ali regime and ushering in a new era of calls for democracy, freedom, and dignity in Tunisia.
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The document summarizes the 2011 Tunisian Revolution that sparked the Arab Spring uprisings. It provides context around growing unrest in Tunisia under authoritarian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. It then describes how the self-immolation of street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi in December 2010 acted as a catalyst, igniting mass protests against poverty, corruption, and lack of political freedom. Within weeks, the scale of demonstrations forced Ben Ali to flee the country, marking the first success of the Arab Spring. The revolution established Tunisia as a fledgling democracy, though instability remained in other countries like Libya, Egypt, and Syria.
Tunisia
Work about the Arab Sprind done by the students Laida Antxia, Maddalen Sarasola, Ane Unanue and Paula Velazquez.
Dictature ben ali
Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali ruled Tunisia as a dictator from 1989 to 2011. He was elected president five times, receiving over 89% of votes due to excluding opposition parties and intimidating voters. Ben Ali and his family embezzled billions from Tunisia and cracked down on dissent, arresting journalists and political activists. Growing public unrest over corruption and lack of freedoms culminated in the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in protest of government abuse. Mass protests spread nationwide in response, and faced violent repression from security forces until the army intervened as a mediator. On January 14, 2011, with revolution imminent, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia, ending his repressive 23-
Ppt
The document summarizes the Tunisian Revolution, also known as the Jasmine Revolution. It began in December 2010 when a street vendor self-immolated in protest of police confiscating his unlicensed cart. Despite censorship, people in Sidi Bouzid used social media and protests to spread word of the uprising. The protests grew in sophistication with help from local labor unions and opposition activists, eventually leading to the ousting of the Tunisian government.
Tunisia: A Divergent Path
Here are 3 key sources that provide background information on Tunisia:
1. The Middle East (Text) - Provides an in-depth country profile of Tunisia covering history, politics, economy, foreign relations and more.
2. "Twenty Years of Change: Tunisia's Journey of Progress Continues" - Discusses Tunisia's political and economic development over 20 years leading up to 2008.
3. "Tunisia Country Report" from Economist Intelligence Unit - A comprehensive report analyzing Tunisia's political and economic situation, including forecasts.
The Arab Springs
The Arab Spring was a series of protests and uprisings in the Middle East that began in Tunisia in late 2010 in response to corruption, lack of political freedom, poor economic prospects, and repressive regimes. The protests spread to other countries including Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria. In Tunisia and Egypt, the presidents were ousted, but both countries faced ongoing instability and power struggles during their transition periods. In Libya, civil war broke out and NATO intervened, allowing rebels to take control, but the country remains divided. Yemen's president resigned under pressure but the country faces ongoing violence and poor economic conditions. Bahrain's protests were crushed by military intervention while Syria's protests led to a full
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The Arab Spring began in 2010 as a wave of protests and uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. It started in Tunisia when a fruit seller set himself on fire after police confiscated his goods, sparking anger against the corrupt government. This led to protests that spread online and grew large enough to overthrow the Tunisian president. Inspired by Tunisia's success, protests erupted in Egypt in 2011 and eventually led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak after 18 days. As the Arab Spring continued, other countries like Libya faced growing protests, with Gaddafi launching a violent crackdown until the UN authorized international intervention against his forces. The UN sought to promote peace, rights, and development in response, but faced challenges interven
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The document discusses the Arab Spring uprisings that began in late 2010 and 2011 across several Middle Eastern and North African countries. Key events and causes discussed include:
- Widespread protests in Egypt led to the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak in February 2011 after 18 days of demonstrations against corruption, unemployment, and censorship.
- In Libya, civil war broke out as rebel groups fought against Gaddafi's regime, resulting in NATO intervention and Gaddafi's death by October 2011.
- Syria experienced brutal government repression of protests demanding democratic reforms, with thousands of civilian deaths as the conflict escalated.
- Bahrain saw protests crushed by government forces with the help of Saudi troops, drawing international criticism of Western in
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I was fascinated by the Arab Spring phenomenon (2011-2014) which reveals how complex the social-political situation in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) had been. Many of my countrymen don't understand the realities there, instead believing conspiracy theories which simplified things to merely "US/Israel/Zionist vs Islam/muslims".
This presentation is my attempt to summarize the history and geopolitical complexities and to debunk some conspiracy theories related to Arab Spring.My sources are multiple articles in CNN, TIME, Al-Jazeera, Al-Monitor, Stratfor, Foreign Policy, among others.
I closed this ever expanding presentation in the beginning of 2014 since it became obvious that the revolution season was over and multiple failures manifested in many countries.
The Arab Spring
A Report in Soc. Sci. 417 (Selected Topics in Social Science) under Dr. Vima Olivares in Filamer Christian University, Roxas City, Philippines (Summer 2014)
Arab uprising
“Civil resistance can force out dictators but isn’t enough to bring people power”
Kunwar.asmit@gmail.com
Arab uprising
The document discusses the differences between the Arab world, Middle East, and Muslim world. It notes that the Arab world consists of 22 countries in the Middle East and North Africa, while the Muslim world has 55 member states, and only Egypt is an Arab country among the top 10 countries by Muslim population. Most Arabs are Muslim, but most Muslims are not Arab. There are also Christian and Jewish Arabs.
The Arab Spring
The Arab Spring is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010 and spread throughout the countries of the Arab League and surroundings.
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The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia after a fruit seller set himself on fire to protest government corruption and oppression. Massive street protests erupted demanding political reform. Through social media, the protests spread to other countries in the region, toppling authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and elsewhere. Social media played a key role in organizing and publicizing the protests internationally, and though some governments tried to shut down access, citizens found ways to communicate and coordinate their uprisings.
Arab spring
The Arab Spring was a wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that began in December 2010 in Tunisia and spread across the Middle East and North Africa. Citizens protested against authoritarian regimes, government corruption, lack of human rights, poverty, and high unemployment. Protests led to the overthrow of dictators in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. Other countries saw regime changes and reforms, but some protests were violently suppressed. Social media helped activists organize and spread awareness of non-violent resistance through protests, strikes and civil disobedience.
The Arab Spring
The document discusses the Arab Spring, a wave of populist protests and demonstrations in Arab states beginning in 2011. Key points include:
- It was sparked by the self-immolation of a Tunisian fruit seller and spread through social media.
- Protests called for greater economic opportunity, democratic reforms, and an end to corrupt regimes.
- The uprisings have altered regional power dynamics and introduced tensions between Turkey, Israel, Iran, and other countries.
- Factors contributing include youth unemployment, social media, the evolution of Al Jazeera, and a desire for self-determination independent of foreign influence.
Rwanda Overview
The document summarizes the background of ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda, which were exacerbated by Belgian colonization. Civil war broke out in 1990 when the Tutsi-led RPF rebel group invaded to force power sharing. In 1994, the Rwandan president's assassination triggered a genocide led by Hutu extremists against Tutsis and moderate Hutus, in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed over 100 days. The UN abandoned Rwanda during the genocide.
Consequences of Arab Springs (results or aftermath)
The Arab Spring uprisings successfully removed long-standing dictators in some countries like Tunisia and Egypt, but also led to instability, violence, and civil wars in countries like Libya, Yemen, and Syria. While the removal of corrupt leaders was initially hopeful, the uprisings unearthed deep religious and political divisions in societies and unstable transitional governments failed to establish democracy. Ongoing conflicts have negatively impacted economies and deterred investment. The uprisings also altered regional powers like Iran, Qatar, and Turkey's roles and geopolitical influence.
East timor case
The document summarizes the invasion and occupation of East Timor by Indonesian forces from 1975-1999. It describes how Indonesian troops engaged in mass killings of Timorese civilians during the initial invasion and occupation, with death toll estimates ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 in the first few years. It also details the brutality of the occupation, including executions, detention in camps with poor conditions, forced displacement, rape and violence against civilians. Even as Indonesia sought to consolidate control through the 1980s, military abuses continued against those resisting occupation.
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Rwanda has two main ethnic groups, the Hutus and Tutsis, who generally lived peacefully until European colonization in the late 19th century. When Rwanda gained independence in 1962, tensions rose as the Hutu majority took control from the Tutsi elite. In 1994, the assassination of Rwanda's Hutu president sparked a genocidal campaign where Hutu extremists killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus over 100 days, as the international community largely failed to intervene. Decades later, perpetrators of the genocide remain at large.
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The document summarizes the background of ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda, which were exacerbated by Belgian colonization that favored Tutsis over Hutus. In 1994, the Rwandan president was assassinated, leading Hutu extremists to begin mass killings of Tutsis in a genocide that resulted in 800,000 deaths over 100 days. Despite an initial UN peacekeeping force, the UN withdrew most troops, failing to intervene in the genocide.
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East Timor
Civil war broke out in East Timor in 1975 between Fretilin and UDT over fears of a coup, which led to Indonesia invading East Timor in December 1975 under the guise of restoring order but instead engaged in widespread killing and violence. In 1999, after East Timorese voted overwhelmingly for independence in a UN referendum, Indonesian-backed militias rampaged through the country, killing thousands until an international peacekeeping force led by Australia intervened to stabilize the situation and pave the way for East Timor's independence.
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East Timor is a mountainous island located west of Darwin, Australia. It was occupied by Portugal until Indonesia annexed it in 1975. This led to conflict, including a civil war in 1975 and an Indonesian invasion and occupation. East Timor gained independence in 2002 after voting for it in 1999. Australia's involvement in East Timor has included not initially supporting its independence, leading an international intervention force in 1999 to stop violence, and continuing support through aid and military presence to maintain stability. Stability in East Timor is important for Australia to prevent conflict from requiring more resources and potentially harming relations with Indonesia.
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George W. Bush served as President from 2001-2009. Some key events included passing large tax cuts totaling over $1.3 trillion, launching the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq in response to 9/11, and enacting education and Medicare reforms. However, Bush's presidency was also challenged by hurricanes like Katrina, a rising national debt, and the 2008 financial crisis and recession. By 2009, the U.S. budget deficit had reached $1.4 trillion and the national debt totaled over $10 trillion.
East Timor
East Timor experienced civil war in 1975 between Fretilin and UDT, followed by Indonesia's invasion and occupation later that year. In 1999, after East Timorese voted for independence, Indonesian-backed militias rampaged through the country. Australia led an international peacekeeping force to stabilize the situation. In 2006, there was another political crisis over grievances in the military, though the situation was again stabilized with Australian support. Maintaining stability in East Timor remains important for Australia due to potential security and economic impacts of further conflict in its neighbor.
Dictatorship in Tunisia
Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali ruled Tunisia as a dictator from 1989 to 2011. He was elected president five times, receiving over 89% of votes due to excluding opposition parties and intimidating voters. Ben Ali and his family embezzled billions from Tunisia and cracked down on dissent, arresting journalists and political prisoners. Growing public unrest over corruption and lack of freedoms culminated in the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in protest of government abuse. Mass protests spread nationwide in response, and faced violent repression from security forces until the army intervened as a mediator. On January 14, 2011, with revolution imminent, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia, ending his repressive 23-
THE INTERNET: CATALYSING A LEADERLESS REVOLUTION
The document summarizes how social media, especially Facebook and Twitter, catalyzed a leaderless revolution in Tunisia that led to the overthrow of President Ben Ali in January 2011. Widespread protests were fueled by years of repression and censorship under Ben Ali's regime. Activists effectively used social media to document and spread information about the protests online when traditional media was censored. As videos, photos and hashtags spread, international attention and pressure grew, weakening Ben Ali's control. Ultimately, social media played a critical role in empowering citizens and helping the revolution succeed where it may not have otherwise.
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The Arab Spring began in 2010 as a wave of protests and uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. It started in Tunisia when a fruit seller set himself on fire after police confiscated his goods, sparking anger against the corrupt government. This led to protests that spread online and grew large enough to overthrow the Tunisian president. Inspired by Tunisia's success, protests erupted in Egypt in 2011 and eventually led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak after 18 days. As the Arab Spring continued, other countries like Libya faced growing protests, with Gaddafi launching a violent crackdown until the UN authorized international intervention against his forces. The UN sought to promote peace, rights, and development in response, but faced challenges interven
Presentation on ARAB SPRING
The document discusses the Arab Spring uprisings that began in late 2010 and 2011 across several Middle Eastern and North African countries. Key events and causes discussed include:
- Widespread protests in Egypt led to the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak in February 2011 after 18 days of demonstrations against corruption, unemployment, and censorship.
- In Libya, civil war broke out as rebel groups fought against Gaddafi's regime, resulting in NATO intervention and Gaddafi's death by October 2011.
- Syria experienced brutal government repression of protests demanding democratic reforms, with thousands of civilian deaths as the conflict escalated.
- Bahrain saw protests crushed by government forces with the help of Saudi troops, drawing international criticism of Western in
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I was fascinated by the Arab Spring phenomenon (2011-2014) which reveals how complex the social-political situation in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) had been. Many of my countrymen don't understand the realities there, instead believing conspiracy theories which simplified things to merely "US/Israel/Zionist vs Islam/muslims".
This presentation is my attempt to summarize the history and geopolitical complexities and to debunk some conspiracy theories related to Arab Spring.My sources are multiple articles in CNN, TIME, Al-Jazeera, Al-Monitor, Stratfor, Foreign Policy, among others.
I closed this ever expanding presentation in the beginning of 2014 since it became obvious that the revolution season was over and multiple failures manifested in many countries.
The Arab Spring
A Report in Soc. Sci. 417 (Selected Topics in Social Science) under Dr. Vima Olivares in Filamer Christian University, Roxas City, Philippines (Summer 2014)
Arab uprising
“Civil resistance can force out dictators but isn’t enough to bring people power”
Kunwar.asmit@gmail.com
Arab uprising
The document discusses the differences between the Arab world, Middle East, and Muslim world. It notes that the Arab world consists of 22 countries in the Middle East and North Africa, while the Muslim world has 55 member states, and only Egypt is an Arab country among the top 10 countries by Muslim population. Most Arabs are Muslim, but most Muslims are not Arab. There are also Christian and Jewish Arabs.
The Arab Spring
The Arab Spring is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010 and spread throughout the countries of the Arab League and surroundings.
Social Change and The Arab Spring
The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia after a fruit seller set himself on fire to protest government corruption and oppression. Massive street protests erupted demanding political reform. Through social media, the protests spread to other countries in the region, toppling authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and elsewhere. Social media played a key role in organizing and publicizing the protests internationally, and though some governments tried to shut down access, citizens found ways to communicate and coordinate their uprisings.
Arab spring
The Arab Spring was a wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that began in December 2010 in Tunisia and spread across the Middle East and North Africa. Citizens protested against authoritarian regimes, government corruption, lack of human rights, poverty, and high unemployment. Protests led to the overthrow of dictators in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. Other countries saw regime changes and reforms, but some protests were violently suppressed. Social media helped activists organize and spread awareness of non-violent resistance through protests, strikes and civil disobedience.
The Arab Spring
The document discusses the Arab Spring, a wave of populist protests and demonstrations in Arab states beginning in 2011. Key points include:
- It was sparked by the self-immolation of a Tunisian fruit seller and spread through social media.
- Protests called for greater economic opportunity, democratic reforms, and an end to corrupt regimes.
- The uprisings have altered regional power dynamics and introduced tensions between Turkey, Israel, Iran, and other countries.
- Factors contributing include youth unemployment, social media, the evolution of Al Jazeera, and a desire for self-determination independent of foreign influence.
Rwanda Overview
The document summarizes the background of ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda, which were exacerbated by Belgian colonization. Civil war broke out in 1990 when the Tutsi-led RPF rebel group invaded to force power sharing. In 1994, the Rwandan president's assassination triggered a genocide led by Hutu extremists against Tutsis and moderate Hutus, in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed over 100 days. The UN abandoned Rwanda during the genocide.
Consequences of Arab Springs (results or aftermath)
The Arab Spring uprisings successfully removed long-standing dictators in some countries like Tunisia and Egypt, but also led to instability, violence, and civil wars in countries like Libya, Yemen, and Syria. While the removal of corrupt leaders was initially hopeful, the uprisings unearthed deep religious and political divisions in societies and unstable transitional governments failed to establish democracy. Ongoing conflicts have negatively impacted economies and deterred investment. The uprisings also altered regional powers like Iran, Qatar, and Turkey's roles and geopolitical influence.
East timor case
The document summarizes the invasion and occupation of East Timor by Indonesian forces from 1975-1999. It describes how Indonesian troops engaged in mass killings of Timorese civilians during the initial invasion and occupation, with death toll estimates ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 in the first few years. It also details the brutality of the occupation, including executions, detention in camps with poor conditions, forced displacement, rape and violence against civilians. Even as Indonesia sought to consolidate control through the 1980s, military abuses continued against those resisting occupation.
Hotel rwanda
Rwanda has two main ethnic groups, the Hutus and Tutsis, who generally lived peacefully until European colonization in the late 19th century. When Rwanda gained independence in 1962, tensions rose as the Hutu majority took control from the Tutsi elite. In 1994, the assassination of Rwanda's Hutu president sparked a genocidal campaign where Hutu extremists killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus over 100 days, as the international community largely failed to intervene. Decades later, perpetrators of the genocide remain at large.
Rwanda Genecide Overview
The document summarizes the background of ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda, which were exacerbated by Belgian colonization that favored Tutsis over Hutus. In 1994, the Rwandan president was assassinated, leading Hutu extremists to begin mass killings of Tutsis in a genocide that resulted in 800,000 deaths over 100 days. Despite an initial UN peacekeeping force, the UN withdrew most troops, failing to intervene in the genocide.
Japan and pacific rim2
The document provides information on several Asian economies that experienced rapid economic growth after World War II, known as the Pacific Rim or Asian Tigers: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. It discusses their histories, economies, political systems, and societies. It notes that they emphasized hard work, education, industrialization, and government guidance of private industries to achieve strong economic growth and development.
East Timor
Civil war broke out in East Timor in 1975 between Fretilin and UDT over fears of a coup, which led to Indonesia invading East Timor in December 1975 under the guise of restoring order but instead engaged in widespread killing and violence. In 1999, after East Timorese voted overwhelmingly for independence in a UN referendum, Indonesian-backed militias rampaged through the country, killing thousands until an international peacekeeping force led by Australia intervened to stabilize the situation and pave the way for East Timor's independence.
East timor
East Timor is a mountainous island located west of Darwin, Australia. It was occupied by Portugal until Indonesia annexed it in 1975. This led to conflict, including a civil war in 1975 and an Indonesian invasion and occupation. East Timor gained independence in 2002 after voting for it in 1999. Australia's involvement in East Timor has included not initially supporting its independence, leading an international intervention force in 1999 to stop violence, and continuing support through aid and military presence to maintain stability. Stability in East Timor is important for Australia to prevent conflict from requiring more resources and potentially harming relations with Indonesia.
Tengowski - Vii 7 the great recession
George W. Bush served as President from 2001-2009. Some key events included passing large tax cuts totaling over $1.3 trillion, launching the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq in response to 9/11, and enacting education and Medicare reforms. However, Bush's presidency was also challenged by hurricanes like Katrina, a rising national debt, and the 2008 financial crisis and recession. By 2009, the U.S. budget deficit had reached $1.4 trillion and the national debt totaled over $10 trillion.
East Timor
East Timor experienced civil war in 1975 between Fretilin and UDT, followed by Indonesia's invasion and occupation later that year. In 1999, after East Timorese voted for independence, Indonesian-backed militias rampaged through the country. Australia led an international peacekeeping force to stabilize the situation. In 2006, there was another political crisis over grievances in the military, though the situation was again stabilized with Australian support. Maintaining stability in East Timor remains important for Australia due to potential security and economic impacts of further conflict in its neighbor.
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Consequences of Arab Springs (results or aftermath)
Consequences of Arab Springs (results or aftermath)
Similar to Tunisia unrest
Dictatorship in Tunisia
Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali ruled Tunisia as a dictator from 1989 to 2011. He was elected president five times, receiving over 89% of votes due to excluding opposition parties and intimidating voters. Ben Ali and his family embezzled billions from Tunisia and cracked down on dissent, arresting journalists and political prisoners. Growing public unrest over corruption and lack of freedoms culminated in the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in protest of government abuse. Mass protests spread nationwide in response, and faced violent repression from security forces until the army intervened as a mediator. On January 14, 2011, with revolution imminent, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia, ending his repressive 23-
THE INTERNET: CATALYSING A LEADERLESS REVOLUTION
The document summarizes how social media, especially Facebook and Twitter, catalyzed a leaderless revolution in Tunisia that led to the overthrow of President Ben Ali in January 2011. Widespread protests were fueled by years of repression and censorship under Ben Ali's regime. Activists effectively used social media to document and spread information about the protests online when traditional media was censored. As videos, photos and hashtags spread, international attention and pressure grew, weakening Ben Ali's control. Ultimately, social media played a critical role in empowering citizens and helping the revolution succeed where it may not have otherwise.
JPO_Unit 6 Arab Spring.pptx
1. The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia as a result of high unemployment, poverty, and political repression under authoritarian regimes.
2. Inspired by protests in Tunisia, protests erupted throughout the Arab world calling for democratic reforms and the end of dictatorial rule.
3. Social media played a key role in facilitating organization and spreading awareness of the protests internationally. Pages like "We are All Khaled Said" helped coordinate the Egyptian uprising.
4. While some countries underwent democratic transitions, others like Syria descended into civil war as regimes cracked down on dissent. Over a decade later, the impacts of the Arab Spring continue to reshape the region.
Where is Tunisia Heading?
by Col. (ret.) Dr. Jacques Neriah
It's not clear what role Libya is playing in developments in Tunisia. Mu'ammar Qaddafi, a close friend of deposed Tunisian President Ben Ali, contended that the Ben Ali regime was preferred by the Tunisians.
The elected Tunisian prime minister, Mohammed Ghannouchi, is himself a product of the Ben Ali system and his perspective is not assumed to differ from that of his predecessors. The composition of the interim Tunisian government demonstrates the direction the regime has chosen. The new faces in the government are all members of the legal opposition.
At this stage, Ghannouchi did not bring into his government any Islamists, whose flagship party, the Tunisian Islamic Party, al-Nahda (Renaissance), has been outlawed. The exiled leader of al-Nahda, Rached Ghannouchi (no relation), announced that he wanted to join the unity government. Rached Ghannouchi has visited Tehran in recent years on a regular basis. He also carries a Sudanese passport, provided to him by the authorities in Khartoum at Iran's request.
Iran has maintained a presence in the Tunisian arena for years. In 1987, documents found in the possession of an official of the Iranian Embassy arrested on the border between France and Switzerland testified to the ties that Iran maintains with Tunisian fundamentalists. As a result, Tunisia expelled Ahmad Kan'ani, the Iranian charge d'affaires in Tunis. That same year, a Tunisian named Lutfi, who had been recruited by Iran and underwent training there prior to joining a local network in Tunisia, unveiled to French police precise information regarding Iran's subversive activity in Tunisia.
Many Tunisians have joined the ranks of Islamic extremists in Algeria and Afghanistan, and trained in camps in Pakistan before they returned to North Africa or were dispatched to Europe. Since 2008 Tunisia has become a target for Islamic terrorists. WikiLeaks documents revealed that the Americans were particularly concerned that a group which penetrated from Algeria had managed to recruit over 30 local activists in less than six weeks.
arabspringnewpresentation-150120192152-conversion-gate01.pptx
The document summarizes the Arab Spring uprisings that began in late 2010 and 2011 across several Middle Eastern and North African countries. Key points include:
- Protests began in Tunisia in response to corruption, unemployment and repression, spreading to Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Bahrain.
- Citizens demanded democratic reforms, free elections, an end to emergency rule and corruption, and the removal of long-standing authoritarian leaders like Mubarak in Egypt and Gaddafi in Libya.
- Governments responded with violent crackdowns but could not stop the movements fueled by social media organizing. Mubarak and Gaddafi were eventually overthrown.
- Uprisings led to civil wars in Libya and Syria, where
Arab spring.pptx
The revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt shared some similarities but ultimately led to different outcomes. Both overthrew long-standing authoritarian regimes in 2011 but Tunisia has transitioned more successfully to democracy while Egypt has reverted to authoritarianism. Key factors in Tunisia's success include stronger civil society, political compromise across ideological lines, and support from international actors for democratic reforms. Egypt has struggled due to political polarization, an influential military with authoritarian tendencies, and a lack of consensus on democratic values and institutions.
The Arab Spring Revoloution
The Arab Spring began in late 2010 and early 2011, sparked by protests in Tunisia that overthrew the government there. The movement then spread to other countries in the region with large protests demanding democratic reforms and the overthrow of authoritarian rulers. Social media played a key role in organizing and spreading awareness of the protests. The outcomes varied by country, with mostly peaceful transitions in Tunisia and Egypt but civil wars erupting in Libya and Syria, and ongoing instability in Yemen and other nations. While the Arab Spring sparked hope, successful democratic transitions have so far been limited.
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Model
In the wake of the Middle Eastern crises, the Tunisian case in focus has been doted as a unique
phenomenon being that it was the Genesis of the revolution that ultimately spread across the Middle East like
wild fire, but has eventually heralded a new dawn as democracy has incidentally returned to the Empire. This
literature therefore looks closely at the extent to which the ‘DignityRevolution’ has been instrumental in the
Middle East uprisings, which have brought an end to dynastic autocracies. The literature zeros in on the
Tunisian uprising which has attracted global concerns, sympathy and has sparked interests in the international
arena. The literature finds that the people hold colossal prospect in the uprising and its resultant effect, as it
paved the way for the revolutionist to generate, gather and disseminate information on the condition of the
entire region to the international community. The people in this context were of utmost importance and played a
very crucial role in the creation of awareness, mobilization of protesters and utmost determining the direction of
the uprising and also ensuring a speedy return to democratic rule. The paper submits that the role of the people
in ensuring that the ruins of the uprising is not left littering around and democracy restored is highly
commendable and should be a model for all other Arab countries involved in the revolution.
North African Issues
This document summarizes the political situations in several North African and Middle Eastern countries. It describes the authoritarian leaders in power in Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Sudan, and Eritrea. Mass protests have led to the ouster of leaders in Tunisia and Egypt, with concerns that other countries may experience similar unrest. It also discusses concerns around human rights violations, conflicts, and threats from al-Qaeda in other countries in the region like Somalia, Chad, Western Sahara, and the Sahel region.
TUNISIA - the Long Road to Democraty
Tunisia experienced a popular uprising in late 2010 and early 2011 that led to the overthrow of the authoritarian president, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who had ruled the country for 23 years. Widespread corruption, high unemployment, and other economic issues fueled public protests against Ben Ali's regime. The death of a street vendor who set himself on fire in protest sparked larger demonstrations. Despite Ben Ali resigning and fleeing the country, protests continued as many Tunisians demanded more democratic reforms and removal of those still loyal to the former president. The interim government struggled to respond to ongoing unrest while transitioning to democratic elections.
Final project APWH - Arab Spring
The Arab Spring began in 2010-2011 as a wave of revolutions across the Middle East where people called for democracy and an end to corrupt leadership. It started in Tunisia when a fruit vendor set himself on fire after facing harassment from officials, sparking protests. His death intensified demonstrations that led to Tunisia's president fleeing within weeks. The success in Tunisia inspired similar uprisings in other countries like Egypt and Libya that also overthrew authoritarian leaders. However, concerns remain about radical Islamist groups gaining power and potential suppression of rights under Sharia law.
Tunisian-Nationalist-Movement-1.pptm-1-1.pptx
Tunisian Nationalist Movement which stress the different waves of resistance unleached by Tunisia against French settlement
ARAB SPRING AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION
This document summarizes the Arab Spring uprisings that began in 2010-2011 across several Middle Eastern and North African countries. It provides context on the political and economic grievances that fueled the protests, such as high unemployment, corruption, and lack of political freedoms. It then examines the uprisings in several countries in more detail, highlighting the role of social media and relative deprivation theory. The uprisings had varying outcomes, successfully ousting authoritarian leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen, while violent conflict is still ongoing in Syria.
Time line
1. Large protests began in Tunisia in December 2010 and led to the ousting of President Ben Ali in January and his replacement Mohamed Ghannouchi in February.
2. Protests spread to Egypt in late January 2011 and grew substantially, resulting in President Hosni Mubarak resigning on February 11 after attacks on protesters.
3. Anti-government protests in Libya began in mid-February 2011 and quickly turned violent as protesters took control of key cities like Benghazi and Tripoli, and fighting continued for months.
Libya and its influence
The documents discuss the Arab Spring protests that began in late 2010 and spread across the Middle East and North Africa in 2011. The protests were sparked by the self-immolation of Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi in protest of corruption and police harassment. Inspired by the success of the Tunisian protests, similar protests broke out in countries like Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and Syria demanding political reforms and the end of authoritarian regimes. While some countries have transitioned to new governments after the leaders were ousted, the situation remains unstable in Libya and Syria with competing factions struggling for power.
Tunisia Elections: the Country that Chose “Life”… (By Chema Gargouri)
Here again on Sunday, this small republic of 11 million people, the keystone of North Africa, proved to itself first, and then to the whole world, that the Tunisian revolution of 2011, the first in the wave of civil uprisings that some call the Arab Spring, was first and foremost about affirming a life with dignity and freedom.
Tunisia elections the country that chose "life"... by Chema Gargouri
Here again on Sunday, this small republic of 11 million people, the keystone of North Africa, proved to itself first, and then to the whole world, that the Tunisian revolution of 2011, the first in the wave of civil uprisings that some call the “Arab Spring”, was first and foremost about affirming a life with dignity and freedom.
Background Note - Tackling Youth Radicalization through Inclusion in Post-Rev...
Background Note - Tackling Youth Radicalization through Inclusion in Post-Rev...Maghreb Economic Forum (MEF)
The widespread assumption that any political change can only come with the assistance of a super power was contradicted when an up-rise in Tunisia toppled a regime that reigned for over twenty-three years. The world was taken aback by these events in a country that “seemed the best in the class: stable, presentably secular, engaged in a steady process of “Economic reform”. Realities proved to be extremely different from the outward carefully drawn image of the country. Despite Tunisia’s positive reputation amongst a myriad of governments, the country became immersed in a political mayhem that remains unsorted to this day. The latest Africa Report refers to “the political infighting” as the main cause for stagnation in economic reform and the primary reason that the European Union (EU) and International Organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) continue to place Tunisia on black lists for terrorism and money laundering. Moreover, the Tunisian Labor Union (UGTT), Tunisia’s strongest Labor Union, is lobbying for more and more strikes against IMF recommendations to the government, making the prime minister’s job to reconcile between the different actors and stakeholders even harder.Gisw -tunisia
1. The document discusses the 2011 Tunisian revolution that overthrew President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali after 23 years of authoritarian rule.
2. Frustration with issues like lack of freedom of expression, corruption, unemployment, and social exclusion fueled widespread protests across Tunisia.
3. Social media played a key role in spreading information about the protests and resisting government censorship, earning the revolution names like the "Twitter Revolution" or "Jasmine Revolution". Pictures on Facebook and tweets helped amplify the movement.
Slide
The document summarizes the events leading up to and during the Syrian revolution beginning in 2011. It describes how protests first began in Dara'a after Syrian security forces arrested and tortured children for writing anti-government graffiti. The protests spread to other cities and the regime responded violently with the military and snipers. In July 2011, military defectors formed the Free Syrian Army to protect protesters and bring down the regime. Over the course of a year, hundreds were killed each month and foreign leaders called for President Assad to resign as the conflict escalated. By 2013, over 75,000 people had been killed, including over 7,000 children, and millions became refugees as the civil war continued.
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arabspringnewpresentation-150120192152-conversion-gate01.pptx
arabspringnewpresentation-150120192152-conversion-gate01.pptx
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Model
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Model
ARAB SPRING AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION
ARAB SPRING AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION
Tunisia Elections: the Country that Chose “Life”… (By Chema Gargouri)
Tunisia Elections: the Country that Chose “Life”… (By Chema Gargouri)
Tunisia elections the country that chose "life"... by Chema Gargouri
Tunisia elections the country that chose "life"... by Chema Gargouri
Background Note - Tackling Youth Radicalization through Inclusion in Post-Rev...
Background Note - Tackling Youth Radicalization through Inclusion in Post-Rev...
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Tunisia unrest
- 1. Tunisia Unrest-2011 Created By : Jaydev Doshi
- 2. About Tunisia • Independence: March 20 1956 from France • Population: Around 10 million • Density: 63/Km2 • Religion: Islamic
- 3. Tunisian Politics • Constitutional republic, with a president serving as chief of state, prime minister as head of government. • While Tunisia is formally a democracy with a multi-party system, the secular Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD), formerly Neo Destour, has controlled the country as one of the most repressive regimes in the Arab World since its independence in 1956.
- 4. Tunisian Politics • President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had been in office since 1987. • He was the 2nd president of the country after Habib Bourguiba from the same party. • He won the elections in 2009 with a landslide votes of 89.62% for him. The Voter turnout was 89.45%
- 5. Unrest • However, the government is widely criticized for its corruption and nepotism. • Government accused of Kleptocracy for controlling much of the business sector in the country. • Jan 2008 issue of Foreign Policy Magazine reported that Tunisia's First Lady had been using the 737 Boeing Business Jet of the government to make "unofficial visits" to European Fashion Capitals.
- 6. Trigger Point • The trigger point for the unrest came after the self Immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi, a graduate who took the drastic step after his fruit cart was consicated.
- 7. Jasmine Revolution • 17 Dec 2010 : Mohamed Bouazizi sets himself on fire in Protest of his fruit cart being confiscated by authorities. • 18 Dec 2010 : Wide spread riots in Sidi Bouzid region. • 22 Dec 2010 : Several other take the extreme steps to protest against the repressive government. • 27 Dec 2010 : Protest reaches Capital with thousands expressing solidarity with residents of Sidi Bouzid and calling for jobs. • 29 Dec 2010 : Ben Ali shuffled his cabinet to remove his communications minister.
- 8. Jasmine Revolution • 3 Jan 2011 : Protests turn violent with forces using tear gas and rioter burning tires and attacking officers. • 4 Jan 2011 : Ben Ali promises 300,000 new jobs would be created, though he does not clarify what that meant. • 6 Jan 2011 : Lawyers go on a strike to protest against “unjustified attacks” • 10 Jan 2011 : Government announced the indefinite closure of all schools and universities. • 14 Jan 2011 : Ben Ali dissolved his government and declared a state of emergency. He fled the country on the very same day. • 14 Jan 2011 : Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi then briefly took over as acting president. Ben Ali fled to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. • 16 Jan 2011: Imed Trabelsi, a nephew of Ben Ali's wife, died from a stab wound he received 2 days before. He was the first victim of the Ben Ali's extended family during the protests.
- 9. Significance of the Protest • Tunisia is one of the rich country in the neighborhood with a relatively stable government. • Ben Ali had won the elections with a majority of 90 % but was still ousted due to this protest. • The revolution brought to surface the issues faced by the Tunisian people under a repressive government. • It led to the removal of the CDR government which had been ruling the nation since its independence. • Has caused similar protests to surface in the neighboring countries.