Tunisia experienced a popular uprising in late 2010 and early 2011 that led to the overthrow of the authoritarian president, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who had ruled the country for 23 years. Widespread corruption, high unemployment, and other economic issues fueled public protests against Ben Ali's regime. The death of a street vendor who set himself on fire in protest sparked larger demonstrations. Despite Ben Ali resigning and fleeing the country, protests continued as many Tunisians demanded more democratic reforms and removal of those still loyal to the former president. The interim government struggled to respond to ongoing unrest while transitioning to democratic elections.
Tunisia Police use Water Canon on ProtestersHannahZeo
Tunisian police used water cannon to disperse hundreds of protesters trying to reach central Tunis on Friday to demonstrate against the president in defiance of COVID-19 restrictions.
A heavy police presence prevented the protesters gathering in Habib Bourguiba Avenue, the main street in central Tunis that is the traditional focal point of demonstrations including during the 2011 revolution that brought democracy.
by Col. (ret.) Dr. Jacques Neriah
It's not clear what role Libya is playing in developments in Tunisia. Mu'ammar Qaddafi, a close friend of deposed Tunisian President Ben Ali, contended that the Ben Ali regime was preferred by the Tunisians.
The elected Tunisian prime minister, Mohammed Ghannouchi, is himself a product of the Ben Ali system and his perspective is not assumed to differ from that of his predecessors. The composition of the interim Tunisian government demonstrates the direction the regime has chosen. The new faces in the government are all members of the legal opposition.
At this stage, Ghannouchi did not bring into his government any Islamists, whose flagship party, the Tunisian Islamic Party, al-Nahda (Renaissance), has been outlawed. The exiled leader of al-Nahda, Rached Ghannouchi (no relation), announced that he wanted to join the unity government. Rached Ghannouchi has visited Tehran in recent years on a regular basis. He also carries a Sudanese passport, provided to him by the authorities in Khartoum at Iran's request.
Iran has maintained a presence in the Tunisian arena for years. In 1987, documents found in the possession of an official of the Iranian Embassy arrested on the border between France and Switzerland testified to the ties that Iran maintains with Tunisian fundamentalists. As a result, Tunisia expelled Ahmad Kan'ani, the Iranian charge d'affaires in Tunis. That same year, a Tunisian named Lutfi, who had been recruited by Iran and underwent training there prior to joining a local network in Tunisia, unveiled to French police precise information regarding Iran's subversive activity in Tunisia.
Many Tunisians have joined the ranks of Islamic extremists in Algeria and Afghanistan, and trained in camps in Pakistan before they returned to North Africa or were dispatched to Europe. Since 2008 Tunisia has become a target for Islamic terrorists. WikiLeaks documents revealed that the Americans were particularly concerned that a group which penetrated from Algeria had managed to recruit over 30 local activists in less than six weeks.
Tunisia Police use Water Canon on ProtestersHannahZeo
Tunisian police used water cannon to disperse hundreds of protesters trying to reach central Tunis on Friday to demonstrate against the president in defiance of COVID-19 restrictions.
A heavy police presence prevented the protesters gathering in Habib Bourguiba Avenue, the main street in central Tunis that is the traditional focal point of demonstrations including during the 2011 revolution that brought democracy.
by Col. (ret.) Dr. Jacques Neriah
It's not clear what role Libya is playing in developments in Tunisia. Mu'ammar Qaddafi, a close friend of deposed Tunisian President Ben Ali, contended that the Ben Ali regime was preferred by the Tunisians.
The elected Tunisian prime minister, Mohammed Ghannouchi, is himself a product of the Ben Ali system and his perspective is not assumed to differ from that of his predecessors. The composition of the interim Tunisian government demonstrates the direction the regime has chosen. The new faces in the government are all members of the legal opposition.
At this stage, Ghannouchi did not bring into his government any Islamists, whose flagship party, the Tunisian Islamic Party, al-Nahda (Renaissance), has been outlawed. The exiled leader of al-Nahda, Rached Ghannouchi (no relation), announced that he wanted to join the unity government. Rached Ghannouchi has visited Tehran in recent years on a regular basis. He also carries a Sudanese passport, provided to him by the authorities in Khartoum at Iran's request.
Iran has maintained a presence in the Tunisian arena for years. In 1987, documents found in the possession of an official of the Iranian Embassy arrested on the border between France and Switzerland testified to the ties that Iran maintains with Tunisian fundamentalists. As a result, Tunisia expelled Ahmad Kan'ani, the Iranian charge d'affaires in Tunis. That same year, a Tunisian named Lutfi, who had been recruited by Iran and underwent training there prior to joining a local network in Tunisia, unveiled to French police precise information regarding Iran's subversive activity in Tunisia.
Many Tunisians have joined the ranks of Islamic extremists in Algeria and Afghanistan, and trained in camps in Pakistan before they returned to North Africa or were dispatched to Europe. Since 2008 Tunisia has become a target for Islamic terrorists. WikiLeaks documents revealed that the Americans were particularly concerned that a group which penetrated from Algeria had managed to recruit over 30 local activists in less than six weeks.
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Modelinventionjournals
In the wake of the Middle Eastern crises, the Tunisian case in focus has been doted as a unique
phenomenon being that it was the Genesis of the revolution that ultimately spread across the Middle East like
wild fire, but has eventually heralded a new dawn as democracy has incidentally returned to the Empire. This
literature therefore looks closely at the extent to which the ‘DignityRevolution’ has been instrumental in the
Middle East uprisings, which have brought an end to dynastic autocracies. The literature zeros in on the
Tunisian uprising which has attracted global concerns, sympathy and has sparked interests in the international
arena. The literature finds that the people hold colossal prospect in the uprising and its resultant effect, as it
paved the way for the revolutionist to generate, gather and disseminate information on the condition of the
entire region to the international community. The people in this context were of utmost importance and played a
very crucial role in the creation of awareness, mobilization of protesters and utmost determining the direction of
the uprising and also ensuring a speedy return to democratic rule. The paper submits that the role of the people
in ensuring that the ruins of the uprising is not left littering around and democracy restored is highly
commendable and should be a model for all other Arab countries involved in the revolution.
ARAB SPRING AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATIONGaliat Times
The paper provides an account of Arab Spring origin, ideology and demands of civil society. The political turmoil
in the Arab world challenged the political status quo of Middle East and North Africa. Arab Spring is the
fundamental event in the Arab world history. It also describes the role of well educated youth and power of social
media in Arab Spring. It further explains the demonstrations at Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria in details.
Specifically, the paper spotlights on the relative deprivation theory of Ted Robert Gurr to illustrate why Arab
Spring emerged. Relative deprivation theory has been used to clarify how socio-economic shortages
(unemployment, education and poverty) and political inefficiencies lead to collective turmoil. The answer
provides a clue to resolve the current problem.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet, a civil society group comprising the Tunisian General Labor Union; the Tunisian Union of Industry, Trade, and Handicrafts; the Tunisian Human Rights League; and the Tunisian Order of Lawyers the 2015 Nobel Peace Prize on Friday, October 9, 2015 "for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia." In a new Atlantic Council Issue Brief, "Tunisia: The Last Arab Spring Country," Atlantic Council Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East Senior Fellows Mohsin Khan and Karim Mezran survey the successes of Tunisia's consensus-based transition and the challenges that lie ahead.
"The decision to award this year's Nobel Peace Prize to Tunisia's National Dialogue Quartet is an extremely important recognition of the efforts made by Tunisian civil society and Tunisia's political elite to reach a consensus on keeping the country firmly on the path to democratization and transition to a pluralist system," says Mezran. With the overthrow of the authoritarian regime of President Zine El Abedine Ben Ali in 2011, Tunisia embarked on a process of democratization widely regarded as an example for transitions in the region. The National Dialogue Conference facilitated by the Quartet helped Tunisia avert the risk of plunging into civil war and paved the way for a consensus agreement on Tunisia's new constitution, adopted in January 2014.
In the brief, the authors warn that despite political successes, Tunisia is hampered by the absence of economic reforms. Facing the loss of tourism and investment following two terror attacks, Tunisia's economy risks collapse, endangering all of the painstaking political progress gained thus far. Unless the Tunisian government moves rapidly to turn the economy around, Tunisia risks unraveling its fragile transition.
Tunisia Elections: the Country that Chose “Life”… (By Chema Gargouri)AhmEd Hamza
Here again on Sunday, this small republic of 11 million people, the keystone of North Africa, proved to itself first, and then to the whole world, that the Tunisian revolution of 2011, the first in the wave of civil uprisings that some call the Arab Spring, was first and foremost about affirming a life with dignity and freedom.
http://nubiagroup-powerpoint-collection.blogspot.com/ - Welcome on my wall - since more than 8 month i do not receive any mail of notification from slideshare when you share a PPS or send me a comment - so you can leave me a message here at anytime - hugs
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Modelinventionjournals
In the wake of the Middle Eastern crises, the Tunisian case in focus has been doted as a unique
phenomenon being that it was the Genesis of the revolution that ultimately spread across the Middle East like
wild fire, but has eventually heralded a new dawn as democracy has incidentally returned to the Empire. This
literature therefore looks closely at the extent to which the ‘DignityRevolution’ has been instrumental in the
Middle East uprisings, which have brought an end to dynastic autocracies. The literature zeros in on the
Tunisian uprising which has attracted global concerns, sympathy and has sparked interests in the international
arena. The literature finds that the people hold colossal prospect in the uprising and its resultant effect, as it
paved the way for the revolutionist to generate, gather and disseminate information on the condition of the
entire region to the international community. The people in this context were of utmost importance and played a
very crucial role in the creation of awareness, mobilization of protesters and utmost determining the direction of
the uprising and also ensuring a speedy return to democratic rule. The paper submits that the role of the people
in ensuring that the ruins of the uprising is not left littering around and democracy restored is highly
commendable and should be a model for all other Arab countries involved in the revolution.
ARAB SPRING AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATIONGaliat Times
The paper provides an account of Arab Spring origin, ideology and demands of civil society. The political turmoil
in the Arab world challenged the political status quo of Middle East and North Africa. Arab Spring is the
fundamental event in the Arab world history. It also describes the role of well educated youth and power of social
media in Arab Spring. It further explains the demonstrations at Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria in details.
Specifically, the paper spotlights on the relative deprivation theory of Ted Robert Gurr to illustrate why Arab
Spring emerged. Relative deprivation theory has been used to clarify how socio-economic shortages
(unemployment, education and poverty) and political inefficiencies lead to collective turmoil. The answer
provides a clue to resolve the current problem.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet, a civil society group comprising the Tunisian General Labor Union; the Tunisian Union of Industry, Trade, and Handicrafts; the Tunisian Human Rights League; and the Tunisian Order of Lawyers the 2015 Nobel Peace Prize on Friday, October 9, 2015 "for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia." In a new Atlantic Council Issue Brief, "Tunisia: The Last Arab Spring Country," Atlantic Council Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East Senior Fellows Mohsin Khan and Karim Mezran survey the successes of Tunisia's consensus-based transition and the challenges that lie ahead.
"The decision to award this year's Nobel Peace Prize to Tunisia's National Dialogue Quartet is an extremely important recognition of the efforts made by Tunisian civil society and Tunisia's political elite to reach a consensus on keeping the country firmly on the path to democratization and transition to a pluralist system," says Mezran. With the overthrow of the authoritarian regime of President Zine El Abedine Ben Ali in 2011, Tunisia embarked on a process of democratization widely regarded as an example for transitions in the region. The National Dialogue Conference facilitated by the Quartet helped Tunisia avert the risk of plunging into civil war and paved the way for a consensus agreement on Tunisia's new constitution, adopted in January 2014.
In the brief, the authors warn that despite political successes, Tunisia is hampered by the absence of economic reforms. Facing the loss of tourism and investment following two terror attacks, Tunisia's economy risks collapse, endangering all of the painstaking political progress gained thus far. Unless the Tunisian government moves rapidly to turn the economy around, Tunisia risks unraveling its fragile transition.
Tunisia Elections: the Country that Chose “Life”… (By Chema Gargouri)AhmEd Hamza
Here again on Sunday, this small republic of 11 million people, the keystone of North Africa, proved to itself first, and then to the whole world, that the Tunisian revolution of 2011, the first in the wave of civil uprisings that some call the Arab Spring, was first and foremost about affirming a life with dignity and freedom.
http://nubiagroup-powerpoint-collection.blogspot.com/ - Welcome on my wall - since more than 8 month i do not receive any mail of notification from slideshare when you share a PPS or send me a comment - so you can leave me a message here at anytime - hugs
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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#First_India_NewsPaper
2. Revolution in Tunisia Tunisia is a country in Northern Africa. Corruption is widespread and is practised on a grande scale by the families connected to (former) president Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali. Add massive unemployment, a faltering economy and educated people selling fruit in the streets to make ends meet and you’ve got a powder keg situation. Beginning in December 2010, a series of ongoing protests in the streets of Tunisia escalated to the point where President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali - who had ruled the country for 23 years - at first declared he would not seek re-election, then fled the country on January 14th. Protesters' frustrations with high unemployment, inflation and corruption drove them to the streets after a pivotal event, when a young Tunisian vendor named Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire after police confiscated his produce cart. Bouazizi died of his injuries days later. As the news spread of the young man’s action, so did the riots. Twitter, Facebook, Wikileaks and some hacking by Anonymous all added fuel to the fire that has resulted in the fleeing of Ben Ali, after 23 years of ruthless rule, the fall of government and hopefully a better future for Tunisia. They’ll have to make do without the one and a half tonnes of gold Ben Ali’s wife apparently stole from the central bank just before fleeing the country. After President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali left, an interim government was assembled, but protesters remain in the streets, demanding removal of all traces of Ben Ali's old RCD party. Tuesday 18 january at least four opposition ministers quit Tunisia's day-old unity government, aligning themselves with demonstrators who insist democratic change is impossible while so many supporters of the freshly ousted president are hoarding posts of power. Police in riot gear forcefully put down a demonstration of the sort that toppled the North African country's longtime autocratic leader last week, pummeling a demonstrator with batons and boot kicks -- and highlighting a question on many minds: Is the new regime really much different? As Tunisia struggles to move past the rioting, looting and score-settling that has marked the political transition, there was a growing sense Tuesday that it will be difficult for the interim government to hold together and pave the way toward elections expected within six to seven months. After the initial exhilaration of last week, when a populist uprising ousted President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali after 23 years in power and sent him fleeing to Saudi Arabia -- sounding a warning bell for other political strongmen in the region -- many are fretting about what it ultimately meant. Collected here are images of the turmoil in Tunisia over the past couple of weeks.
3. Protesters shout slogans against President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in Tunis, Friday, Jan. 14, 2011. Thousands of angry demonstrators marched through Tunisia's capital Friday, demanding the resignation of the country's autocratic leader a day after he appeared on TV to try to stop deadly riots that have swept the North African nation. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
4. Protesters chant slogans against President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali during a demonstration in Tunis, Friday, Jan. 14, 2011. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
5. Demonstrators hold placards reading "Ben Ali get out" in Tunis, Friday, Jan. 14, 2011. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena) .
6. Supporters of Tunisia's President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali demonstrate in Tunis, Thursday, Jan. 13, 2011. Tunisia's autocratic president, facing deadly riots that have rocked his nation, ordered prices on food staples slashed and suggested he will leave the presidency, but not until 2014. President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, in a televised speech Thursday night, also pledged to end Internet censorship and to open up the political playing field in a country where he has allowed little public criticism for the past 23 years. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
7. People demonstrate during a protest in central Tunis on January 17, 2011. After weeks of demonstrations, Tunisian protesters called for the abolition of ousted president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's ruling party on January 17 amid a chaotic power vacuum as politicians prepared a government of national unity. Hundreds of people rallied in Tunis and there were similar protests in Sidi Bouzid and Regueb in central Tunisia -- two towns at the heart of the movement that forced Ben Ali to resign and flee on Friday after 23 years in power. (MARTIN BUREAU/AFP/Getty Images)
8. Demonstrators clash with Tunisian security force members on December 27, 2010 in Tunis. (FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
9. Smoke rises from fire left after clashes between security forces and demonstrators in Tunis on January 14, 2011 after Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's address to the nation. Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had sacked the government and called early elections in six months, the prime minister announced as weeks of deadly unrest mounted with new clashes. (FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
10. Soldiers stand guard near a tank on a street of Tunis on January 16, 2011. Heavy gunfire was heard in the center of Tunisian capital on Sunday with security forces exchanging fire with people inside buildings, AFP journalists said. An army helicopter circled over Avenue Bourguiba near the interior ministry. (FRED DUFOUR/AFP/Getty Images)
11. Protesters demonstrate against Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunis January 14, 2011. (REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra)
12. A demonstrator argues with a policeman during a protest in the center of Tunis on January 17, 2011. Hundreds of people rallied in central Tunis on Monday to demand the abolition of ousted president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's ruling RDC party as police fired volleys of tear gas to break up the protest. "We don't want anyone from the old party in the new government. That includes the prime minister," one protester told AFP on condition of anonymity. (FRED DUFOUR/AFP/Getty Images)
13. A Tunisian soldier screams as he tries to calm down rioters during clashes with the police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. (REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra)
14. Protesters greet soldiers during a demonstration against former Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Monday, Jan. 17. 2011. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
15. A demonstrator reacts as security forces use water cannons to disperse protesters in downtown Tunis January 17, 2011. (REUTERS/Stringer)
16. Tunisian demonstrators, some standing on the windowsills and main door of the Interior ministry in Tunis, on January 14, 2011, rally demanding President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's resignation. (FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
17. Demonstrators move away from teargas used by police during a demonstration in Tunis, Friday, Jan. 14, 2011. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
18. A man struggles to breath e as a teargas canister fired by police lies in the road during demonstrations in Tunis on January 17, 2011. (MARTIN BUREAU/AFP/Getty Images)
19. Police disperse demonstrators in Tunis on January 18, 2011. (FRED DUFOUR/AFP/Getty Images)
20. A man lies injured during a demonstration in Tunis on January 18, 2011. (FRED DUFOUR/AFP/Getty Images)
21. Press photographers walk through clouds of tear gas during demonstrations in Tunis on January 18, 2011. (FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
22. Tunisian men hold sticks as they stand guard by a barricade in La Gazella city near Tunis on January 15, 2011. (FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
23. Tunisians shout slogans as they demonstrate against Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunis January 14, 2011. (REUTERS/Zoubeir Souissi)
24. Protesters shout slogans during a demonstration against Tunisia's new government in Tunis on January 18, 2011. (MARTIN BUREAU/AFP/Getty Images)
25. A demonstration is held against the country's new government in Tunis on January 18, 2011. (MARTIN BUREAU/AFP/Getty Images)
26. A police officer chases a tear gas canister he lost during a protest against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. (AP Photo/Salah Habibi)
27. A riot policeman faces off with a protester during a demonstration in downtown Tunis January 18, 2011. (REUTERS/Zoubeir Souissi)
28. A protester shows an empty bullet casing after riot police broke up a demonstration in downtown Tunis January 18, 2011. (REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra)
29. Riot police officers detain a protester during clashes in Tunis, Friday, Jan. 14, 2011. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
30. A rioter throws a tear gas canister, from the riot police, towards the riot police during clashes in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. (REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra)
31. Rioters carry a woman crying during clashes with the police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. (REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra)
32. A Tunisian demonstrator holds his breadstick like a weapon in front of riot police during a protest against the country's new government in Tunis on January 18, 2011. (FRED DUFOUR/AFP/Getty Images)
33. Protesters mask their face against tear gas during clashes with police after a demonstration against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
34. Smoke billows from a French and a Tunisian supermarket on January 15, 2011 in La Gazella city near Tunis. (FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
35. Family of Tunisian soldiers killed while trying to defend deposed President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's iron-fisted regime, attend a ceremony in Tunisia, Tuesday Jan. 18, 2011 in Tunis. (AP Photo/Hassene Dridi)
36. A Tunisian woman steps on a picture showing ousted president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali on January 18, 2011 at the Kasbah in Tunis. (FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
37. A protester kicks a policeman during clashes with riot police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. (REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra)
38. People shout as they demonstrate in the center of Tunis on January 17, 2011. Hundreds of people rallied in central Tunis on Monday to demand the abolition of ousted president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's ruling RDC party as police fired volleys of tear gas to break up the protest. (FRED DUFOUR/AFP/Getty Images)
39. A Tunisian demonstrator holds a cage and the national flag during a rally on January 14, 2011 outside the Interior ministry in Tunis, demanding President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's resignation. (FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
40. A woman walks past a tank as flowers are displayed on it in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18, 2011. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
41. Protesters hold a Tunisian Flag during a demonstration in the center of Tunis, Wednesday, Jan. 19. 2011. Protesters sang nationalist songs and held up signs with "RCD Out!", referring to Ben Ali's former ruling party, as they rallied on central Avenue Bourguiba. (AP Photo/Christophe Ena)
42. A protestor faces riot police officers during a demonstration against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18, 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
43. A soldier stands next to his tank which has flowers displayed on it, in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
44. A man is pictured by a friend as he kisses a soldier in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
45. Protestors react during a rally against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Salah Habibi
46. Protestors holding bread chant slogans during a demonstration against Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18, 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
47. Protestors hold bread during a demonstration against the Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD) party of deposed President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
48. A protestor gestures next to riot police officers during a demonstration against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
49. Protestors react during clashes with police officers after a demonstration against Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18, 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
50. People hold a Tunisian flag during a protest in Tunis on January 18, 2011. Riot police fired tear gas and clashed with protesters today at a small protest rally against Tunisia's new government in the centre of the capital. AFP/ Getty Images / Fred Dufour
51. People march along a street during a demonstration in Tunis on Janaury 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fred Dufour
52. Protestors face police officers during a demonstration against Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
53. Tunisians gesture and shout slogans during a demonstration against the country's new transitional government in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fred Dufour
54. Tunisian Islamists demonstrators hold placards reading 'RCD go to hell', asking for the leader of the opposition Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) Ahmed Nejib Chebbi to resign from his post of Regional Development minister of the new transitional government, during a protest on the Paris avenue in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fethi Belaid
55. Demostrators clash with Tunisian security force personnel on Rome Avenue in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fethi Belaid
56. Tunisians demonstrate on Rome avenue in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fethi Belaid
57. A woman wearing a mask to protect against tear gas watches clashes between protestors and police after a demonstration against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
58. A police officer faces protestors during a demonstration against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Salah Habibi
59. Tunisians clash with riot police during a demonstration in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fred Dufour
60. A demonstrator throws a rock towards police during demonstrations in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fred Dufour
61. Policemen shoot teargas shells towards protesters during a demonstration in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Martin Bureau
62. A demonstrator tries to catch a tear gas cannister during a protest in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fred Dufour
63. A protestor throws back tear gas at the police during clashes after a demonstration against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RCD, party of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
64. Demostrators clash with Tunisian security force personnel on Rome Avenue in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fethi Belaid
65. Tunisian riot police run during clashes with demonstrators protesting against the country's new government on Paris avenue in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fethi Belaid
66. Demostrators clash with Tunisian security force personnel on Rome Avenue in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Fethi Belaid
67. Riot police officers hit a protestor after a demonstration against the Constitutional Democratic Rally, RDC, party, of Ben Ali in the center of Tunis, Tuesday, Jan. 18. 2011. AP / Christophe Ena
68. A wounded Tunisian man is taken away by fellow protersters during a demonstration in Tunis on January 18, 2011. AFP/ Getty Images / Martin Bureau
69. An armoured personnel carrier (APC) patrols the main square in Sidi Bouzid near the capital Tunis January 13, 2011. A combination of deploying the military on the streets and concessions to protesters may allow the authorities to contain the violence, but in the longer-term they could struggle to dominate the country in the way they have done up to now. REUTERS/Stringer
70. Riot police surround a rioter during clashes at the main square in the capital Tunis January 13, 2011. At least five people suffered gunshot wounds in clashes with police in the center of Tunisia's capital, Tunis, on Wednesday in a sharp escalation of the worst unrest in the country in decades. REUTERS/Stringer
71. Rescue workers and police evacuate an injured policeman during clashes with protesters at the main square in the capital Tunis January 13, 2011. A combination of deploying the military on the streets and concessions to protesters may allow the authorities to contain the violence, but in the longer-term they could struggle to dominate the country in the way they have done up to now. REUTERS/Stringer
72. A protestor killed in clashes with police lies on the ground near Sidi Bouzid in Tunis January 10, 2011. The Tunisian government on Monday ordered the indefinite closure of all schools and universities in an attempt to stamp out clashes with police which it said killed 14 civilians at the weekend. Amnesty International put the death toll at 23. Photo taken January 10, 2011. REUTERS/Stringer
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74. Riot police stand guard outside the Interior Ministry headquarters during a protest against Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunis January 14, 2011. Protesters demanded the immediate resignation of Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali on Friday despite the veteran ruler's promise to step aside in 2014 in a bid to end the worst unrest of his rule. At least 5,000 people demonstrated outside the Interior Ministry chanting Ben Ali, leave! and Ben Ali, thank you but that's enough!, a Reuters reporter said. REUTERS/Zoubeir Souissi
75. A rioter chants slogans as he holds a riot police shield during clashes with the police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
76. A Tunisian soldier and rioters look at a rioter who lost consciousness after tear gas was released during clashes with the police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power.
77. Rioters burn a policeman's hat during clashes with the police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
78. Tunisian soldiers try to calm down rioters during clashes with the police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
79. # Women run during clashes with riot police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
80. A rioter runs away from tear gas during clashes with riot police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
81. Rioters clash with riot police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
82. Rioters carry rocks during clashes with riot police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
83. Protesters carry an unconscious woman during clashes with riot police in the downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
84. Tunisian soldiers try to calm down rioters during clashes with riot police in the down town of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali declared a state of emergency on Friday and warned that protesters would be shot in an increasingly frantic effort to quell the worst unrest in his two decades in power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
85. Protesters demonstrate against Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Ben Ali stepped aside on Friday after failing to quell the worst anti-government unrest in his two decades in power. As the prime minister stepped in until promised elections can be held, Ben Ali's whereabouts were unclear. Al Jazeera television said he had left the country. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
86. Protesters demonstrate against Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Ben Ali stepped aside on Friday after failing to quell the worst anti-government unrest in his two decades in power. As the prime minister stepped in until promised elections can be held, Ben Ali's whereabouts were unclear. Al Jazeera television said he had left the country. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
87. Protesters demonstrate against Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Ben Ali stepped aside on Friday after failing to quell the worst anti-government unrest in his two decades in power. As the prime minister stepped in until promised elections can be held, Ben Ali's whereabouts were unclear. Al Jazeera television said he had left the country. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
88. A protester reacts after police released teargas during clashes with riot police in the down town of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali stepped aside on Friday after failing to quell the worst anti-government unrest in his two decades in power. As the prime minister stepped in until promised elections can be held, Ben Ali's whereabouts were unclear. Al Jazeera television said he had left the country. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
89. Protesters argue with riot police in the downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Tunisian President Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali stepped aside on Friday after failing to quell the worst anti-government unrest in his two decades in power. As the prime minister stepped in until promised elections can be held, Ben Ali's whereabouts were unclear. Al Jazeera television said he had left the country. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
90. Protestors walk through tear gas during clashes with riot police in downtown of the capital Tunis January 14, 2011. Anger in the streets over police repression and poverty swept Tunisia's veteran president, Zine al-Abedine Ben Ali, from power on Friday, sending a chill through unpopular authoritarian governments across the Arab world. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
91. Tunisian army soldiers stand guard near a tank in downtown Tunis January 15, 2011. Hundreds of soldiers patrolled the streets of the Tunisian capital on Saturday where the prime minister was due to meet opposition parties to try to form a coalition after protests swept the president from power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
92. A Tunisian army tank guards the Interior Ministry in downtown Tunis January 15, 2011. Hundreds of soldiers patrolled the streets of the Tunisian capital on Saturday where the prime minister was due to meet opposition parties to try to form a coalition after protests swept the president from power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
93. A Tunisian woman, seen through a broken glass window, walks next to the swimming pool at the empty and ransacked home of Kaif Ben Ali, nephew of former President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, in the Mediterranean resort of Hammamet, about 60 km from the capital January 16, 2011. Showing their contempt for Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali's family, several hundred people filed through the home of Kaif Ben Ali, taking photographs, picking up plants as souvenirs and stripping out plumbing fixtures, two days after the president was ousted. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
94. Tunisian people visit the empty and ransacked home of Kaif Ben Ali, nephew of former President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, in the Mediterranean resort of Hammamet, about 60 km from the capital January 16, 2011. Showing their contempt for Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali's family, several hundred people filed through the home of Kaif Ben Ali, taking photographs, picking up plants as souvenirs and stripping out plumbing fixtures, two days after the president was ousted. The home was also set fire by unidentified people, according to witnesses. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
95. Tunisian people walk up a staircase at the empty and ransacked home of Kaif Ben Ali, nephew of former President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, in the Mediterranean resort of Hammamet, about 60 km from the capital January 16, 2011. Showing their contempt for Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali's family, several hundred people filed through the home of Kaif Ben Ali, taking photographs, picking up plants as souvenirs and stripping out plumbing fixtures, two days after the president was ousted. The home was also set fire by unidentified people, according to witnesses. The graffiti reads, The real land owner is Kaisi family. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
96. Riot policeman try to catch a demonstrator after police broke up a demonstration in downtown Tunis January 17, 2011. Tunisian security forces used water cannon, tear gas and fired shots in the air on Monday as demonstrators took to the streets demanding that the ruling party of the ousted president give up power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
97. A protester chants slogan during a demonstration in downtown Tunis January 17, 2011. Tunisian security forces used water cannon, tear gas and fired shots in the air on Monday as demonstrators took to the streets demanding that the ruling party of the ousted president give up power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra (TUNISIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST)
98. A soldier gestures as he keeps watch for snipers on the roof in downtown Tunis January 17, 2011. Tunisian security forces used water cannon, tear gas and fired shots in the air on Monday as demonstrators took to the streets demanding that the ruling party of the ousted president give up power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
99. A lawyer chants slogan during a demonstration in downtown Tunis January 17, 2011. Tunisian security forces used water cannon, tear gas and fired shots in the air on Monday as demonstrators took to the streets demanding that the ruling party of the ousted president give up power. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
100. Members of the Army Special Brigade stand guard at the Tunisia President's office in Tunis January 17, 2011. Tunisia's Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi appointed opposition figures to a new unity government on Monday, trying to establish political stability after violent street protests brought down the president last Friday, and said the government was committed to releasing all political prisoners, and that anyone with great wealth or suspected of corruption would face investigation. REUTERS/Zoubeir Souissi
101. Riot policemen detain a demonstrator after breaking up a demonstration in downtown Tunis January 18, 2011. Three opposition ministers quit Tunisia's new coalition government on Tuesday in protest at the presence of members of the party of ousted leader Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali. Police in Tunis repeatedly used teargas in an attempt to break up a protest by several hundred opposition party supporters and trade unionists who labelled the new government a sham. Protesters would scatter, but then regroup to continue. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
102. A protester throws a tear gas canister back at riot police after they broke up a demonstration in downtown Tunis January 18, 2011. Three opposition ministers quit Tunisia's new coalition government on Tuesday in protest at the presence of members of the party of ousted leader Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali. Police in Tunis repeatedly used teargas in an attempt to break up a protest by several hundred opposition party supporters and trade unionists who labelled the new government a sham. Protesters would scatter, but then regroup to continue. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra
103. A presentation by Nubia [email_address] http://nubiagroup-powerpoint-collection.blogspot.com/ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nubia_group_Powerpoint_Collection /