Tunisia
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Work about the Arab Sprind done by the students Laida Antxia, Maddalen Sarasola, Ane Unanue and Paula Velazquez.
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Tunisia unrest
The document summarizes the 2011 Tunisian unrest that led to the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. It provides background on Tunisia's politics and economy. It then describes how protests erupted in December 2010 in response to high unemployment and corruption, triggered by the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi. The protests grew significantly over the next few weeks despite government attempts to placate the protesters. On January 14, 2011, with the protests becoming violent, Ben Ali fled the country, bringing an end to his 23-year rule.
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Here are 3 key sources that provide background information on Tunisia:
1. The Middle East (Text) - Provides an in-depth country profile of Tunisia covering history, politics, economy, foreign relations and more.
2. "Twenty Years of Change: Tunisia's Journey of Progress Continues" - Discusses Tunisia's political and economic development over 20 years leading up to 2008.
3. "Tunisia Country Report" from Economist Intelligence Unit - A comprehensive report analyzing Tunisia's political and economic situation, including forecasts.
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The Arab Spring began in 2010 as a wave of protests and uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. It started in Tunisia when a fruit seller set himself on fire after police confiscated his goods, sparking anger against the corrupt government. This led to protests that spread online and grew large enough to overthrow the Tunisian president. Inspired by Tunisia's success, protests erupted in Egypt in 2011 and eventually led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak after 18 days. As the Arab Spring continued, other countries like Libya faced growing protests, with Gaddafi launching a violent crackdown until the UN authorized international intervention against his forces. The UN sought to promote peace, rights, and development in response, but faced challenges interven
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I was fascinated by the Arab Spring phenomenon (2011-2014) which reveals how complex the social-political situation in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) had been. Many of my countrymen don't understand the realities there, instead believing conspiracy theories which simplified things to merely "US/Israel/Zionist vs Islam/muslims".
This presentation is my attempt to summarize the history and geopolitical complexities and to debunk some conspiracy theories related to Arab Spring.My sources are multiple articles in CNN, TIME, Al-Jazeera, Al-Monitor, Stratfor, Foreign Policy, among others.
I closed this ever expanding presentation in the beginning of 2014 since it became obvious that the revolution season was over and multiple failures manifested in many countries.
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South African history has been dominated by conflict between diverse ethnic groups. The indigenous Khoisan people lived there for millennia, while most current populations immigrated later. The Portuguese explored but did not colonize, finding the coast inhospitable, while the Dutch Boers established republics in the interior. As Boers expanded, many adopted a semi-nomadic pastoral lifestyle. In the early 19th century, the rise of the Zulu kingdom led to widespread forced migration and conflict between groups. Today, South Africa is a multi-party parliamentary republic with a president as both head of state and government.
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Kunwar.asmit@gmail.com
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Tunisia unrest
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Here are 3 key sources that provide background information on Tunisia:
1. The Middle East (Text) - Provides an in-depth country profile of Tunisia covering history, politics, economy, foreign relations and more.
2. "Twenty Years of Change: Tunisia's Journey of Progress Continues" - Discusses Tunisia's political and economic development over 20 years leading up to 2008.
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The Arab Spring began in 2010 as a wave of protests and uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. It started in Tunisia when a fruit seller set himself on fire after police confiscated his goods, sparking anger against the corrupt government. This led to protests that spread online and grew large enough to overthrow the Tunisian president. Inspired by Tunisia's success, protests erupted in Egypt in 2011 and eventually led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak after 18 days. As the Arab Spring continued, other countries like Libya faced growing protests, with Gaddafi launching a violent crackdown until the UN authorized international intervention against his forces. The UN sought to promote peace, rights, and development in response, but faced challenges interven
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This presentation is my attempt to summarize the history and geopolitical complexities and to debunk some conspiracy theories related to Arab Spring.My sources are multiple articles in CNN, TIME, Al-Jazeera, Al-Monitor, Stratfor, Foreign Policy, among others.
I closed this ever expanding presentation in the beginning of 2014 since it became obvious that the revolution season was over and multiple failures manifested in many countries.
Political system of south africa
South African history has been dominated by conflict between diverse ethnic groups. The indigenous Khoisan people lived there for millennia, while most current populations immigrated later. The Portuguese explored but did not colonize, finding the coast inhospitable, while the Dutch Boers established republics in the interior. As Boers expanded, many adopted a semi-nomadic pastoral lifestyle. In the early 19th century, the rise of the Zulu kingdom led to widespread forced migration and conflict between groups. Today, South Africa is a multi-party parliamentary republic with a president as both head of state and government.
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Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It was established by the National Party to maintain political and economic power for white South Africans. Apartheid laws separated society and denied non-whites political rights, restricting where they could live, work, and attend school. The African National Congress and leaders like Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid through protests and campaigns. Apartheid officially ended in 1994 when South Africa held its first multiracial democratic elections and Nelson Mandela became the first black president.
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Dutch farmers migrated to South Africa in the 1700s, seizing land and displacing indigenous groups. Over subsequent decades and centuries, the British and Boers established control over much of the area, implementing racist policies and laws against non-white populations. Resistance to apartheid grew throughout the 20th century from groups like the African National Congress, with defiance campaigns and uprisings met with violent crackdowns. International pressure and economic sanctions against South Africa in the 1980s weakened the apartheid government, and democratic elections were held in 1994 with Nelson Mandela becoming the first black president of South Africa.
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- People have inhabited southern Africa for thousands of years, with the Khoisan being the oldest surviving group and the Bantu migrating south around AD 100. Europeans first arrived in 1488 but permanent white settlement began in 1652 with the Dutch East India Company.
- Conflict arose between European settlers and local groups as settlements expanded. The British gained control in the late 18th century, increasing tensions with Boers who began the Great Trek north in the 1830s to escape British rule.
- South Africa was formed as a union in 1910 but the National Party instituted apartheid in 1948, enforcing racial segregation and discrimination until the end of apartheid in the early 1990s after anti-apartheid protests and the release
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Here again on Sunday, this small republic of 11 million people, the keystone of North Africa, proved to itself first, and then to the whole world, that the Tunisian revolution of 2011, the first in the wave of civil uprisings that some call the “Arab Spring”, was first and foremost about affirming a life with dignity and freedom.
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The document summarizes the development of apartheid policies in South Africa from the early 20th century. It describes how Afrikaner nationalism intensified in the 1930s, promoting the idea that Afrikaners were a chosen people meant to rule South Africa. This ideology supported the development of apartheid policies after the National Party victory in the 1948 election, which legalized racial segregation and discrimination. The new government passed extensive apartheid legislation between 1949-1953 to codify racial segregation and the oppression of non-white racial groups.
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Rwanda has two main ethnic groups, the Hutus and Tutsis, who generally lived peacefully until European colonization in the late 19th century. When Rwanda gained independence in 1962, tensions rose as the Hutu majority took control from the Tutsi elite. In 1994, the assassination of Rwanda's Hutu president sparked a genocidal campaign where Hutu extremists killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus over 100 days, as the international community largely failed to intervene. Decades later, perpetrators of the genocide remain at large.
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The apartheid system was a system of racial segregation enforced by the South African government between 1948 and 1994. It gave rights to the white minority and discriminated against the black, Indian, and colored populations. Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid and became president after its end in 1994. Apartheid started because the white settlers wanted to maintain power over the native Africans. It faced significant protests and disagreement, which eventually contributed to its demise. Life under apartheid was difficult for non-white populations, with restrictions on work, living conditions, and civil rights.
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Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination imposed in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It enforced the separation of non-white populations from white populations. The National Party instituted a number of laws to enforce racial segregation and oppress non-white populations. Resistance to apartheid grew throughout the 1950s-1980s, culminating in its end in the early 1990s. Nelson Mandela was elected president in 1994 in the country's first multiracial democratic election, marking the end of apartheid. However, issues of inequality and racial tensions remain part of South Africa's ongoing challenges today.
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Here again on Sunday, this small republic of 11 million people, the keystone of North Africa, proved to itself first, and then to the whole world, that the Tunisian revolution of 2011, the first in the wave of civil uprisings that some call the Arab Spring, was first and foremost about affirming a life with dignity and freedom.
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Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa that allowed for differential treatment of people based on their race. During apartheid, South Africa's population was disproportionately white, with 19 million black South Africans and only 4.5 million white South Africans. The apartheid system imposed harsh discriminatory policies on black South Africans, requiring they carry pass books and restricting them to designated homelands. Nelson Mandela led opposition to apartheid and was imprisoned for 27 years before being released in 1990. He went on to help dismantle apartheid, establishing a multi-racial democracy in South Africa by 1996 when he became the country's first black president.
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Union Youth Development ry is a non-profit youth organization based in Helsinki, Finland that aims to promote the integration of immigrant youth between ages 15-25 into Finnish society through cultural activities, sports like soccer and swimming, youth seminars, and youth exchanges with other European partners. The document also provides background information on Somali and Finnish culture and history.
History of apartheid in south africa
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. It was established by the National Party to maintain political and economic power for white South Africans. Apartheid laws separated society and denied non-whites political rights, restricting where they could live, work, and attend school. The African National Congress and leaders like Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid through protests and campaigns. Apartheid officially ended in 1994 when South Africa held its first multiracial democratic elections and Nelson Mandela became the first black president.
Intro to South African History Notes
Dutch farmers migrated to South Africa in the 1700s, seizing land and displacing indigenous groups. Over subsequent decades and centuries, the British and Boers established control over much of the area, implementing racist policies and laws against non-white populations. Resistance to apartheid grew throughout the 20th century from groups like the African National Congress, with defiance campaigns and uprisings met with violent crackdowns. International pressure and economic sanctions against South Africa in the 1980s weakened the apartheid government, and democratic elections were held in 1994 with Nelson Mandela becoming the first black president of South Africa.
History of south africe
- People have inhabited southern Africa for thousands of years, with the Khoisan being the oldest surviving group and the Bantu migrating south around AD 100. Europeans first arrived in 1488 but permanent white settlement began in 1652 with the Dutch East India Company.
- Conflict arose between European settlers and local groups as settlements expanded. The British gained control in the late 18th century, increasing tensions with Boers who began the Great Trek north in the 1830s to escape British rule.
- South Africa was formed as a union in 1910 but the National Party instituted apartheid in 1948, enforcing racial segregation and discrimination until the end of apartheid in the early 1990s after anti-apartheid protests and the release
APARTHEID
The apartheid system in South Africa legally enforced racial segregation and white minority rule between 1948 and 1994. Non-white South Africans, who made up the majority of the population, were classified into separate racial groups and forced to live in segregated areas. They were also restricted in terms of jobs and education. Opposition to apartheid grew through non-violent protests and strikes, but the government violently cracked down on dissent. International sanctions in the 1980s increased pressure on the apartheid government, which began reforms and held multiracial elections in 1994, bringing the apartheid system to an end.
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Tunisia elections the country that chose "life"... by Chema Gargouri
Here again on Sunday, this small republic of 11 million people, the keystone of North Africa, proved to itself first, and then to the whole world, that the Tunisian revolution of 2011, the first in the wave of civil uprisings that some call the “Arab Spring”, was first and foremost about affirming a life with dignity and freedom.
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Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali ruled Tunisia as a dictator from 1989 to 2011. He was elected president five times, receiving over 89% of votes due to excluding opposition parties and intimidating voters. Ben Ali and his family embezzled billions from Tunisia and cracked down on dissent, arresting journalists and political prisoners. Growing public unrest over corruption and lack of freedoms culminated in the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in protest of government abuse. Mass protests spread nationwide in response, and faced violent repression from security forces until the army intervened as a mediator. On January 14, 2011, with revolution imminent, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia, ending his repressive 23-
Dictature ben ali
Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali ruled Tunisia as a dictator from 1989 to 2011. He was elected president five times, receiving over 89% of votes due to excluding opposition parties and intimidating voters. Ben Ali and his family embezzled billions from Tunisia and cracked down on dissent, arresting journalists and political activists. Growing public unrest over corruption and lack of freedoms culminated in the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in protest of government abuse. Mass protests spread nationwide in response, and faced violent repression from security forces until the army intervened as a mediator. On January 14, 2011, with revolution imminent, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia, ending his repressive 23-
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The document summarizes the Arab Spring uprisings that began in late 2010 and 2011 across several Middle Eastern and North African countries. Key points include:
- Protests began in Tunisia in response to corruption, unemployment and repression, spreading to Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Bahrain.
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The jasmine revolution
The document summarizes the role of social media in the 2010-2011 Tunisian Revolution that overthrew the authoritarian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. It describes how:
1) Widespread dissatisfaction and the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi sparked protests that spread nationwide despite a crackdown.
2) Activists used social media like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to organize protests, spread information and videos of government violence, and coordinate responses as the situation rapidly changed.
3) International attention amplified their message and helped turn the movement into a "viral phenomenon" that ultimately led to Ben Ali fleeing the country on January 14, 2011, ending 23 years of repress
Where is Tunisia Heading?
by Col. (ret.) Dr. Jacques Neriah
It's not clear what role Libya is playing in developments in Tunisia. Mu'ammar Qaddafi, a close friend of deposed Tunisian President Ben Ali, contended that the Ben Ali regime was preferred by the Tunisians.
The elected Tunisian prime minister, Mohammed Ghannouchi, is himself a product of the Ben Ali system and his perspective is not assumed to differ from that of his predecessors. The composition of the interim Tunisian government demonstrates the direction the regime has chosen. The new faces in the government are all members of the legal opposition.
At this stage, Ghannouchi did not bring into his government any Islamists, whose flagship party, the Tunisian Islamic Party, al-Nahda (Renaissance), has been outlawed. The exiled leader of al-Nahda, Rached Ghannouchi (no relation), announced that he wanted to join the unity government. Rached Ghannouchi has visited Tehran in recent years on a regular basis. He also carries a Sudanese passport, provided to him by the authorities in Khartoum at Iran's request.
Iran has maintained a presence in the Tunisian arena for years. In 1987, documents found in the possession of an official of the Iranian Embassy arrested on the border between France and Switzerland testified to the ties that Iran maintains with Tunisian fundamentalists. As a result, Tunisia expelled Ahmad Kan'ani, the Iranian charge d'affaires in Tunis. That same year, a Tunisian named Lutfi, who had been recruited by Iran and underwent training there prior to joining a local network in Tunisia, unveiled to French police precise information regarding Iran's subversive activity in Tunisia.
Many Tunisians have joined the ranks of Islamic extremists in Algeria and Afghanistan, and trained in camps in Pakistan before they returned to North Africa or were dispatched to Europe. Since 2008 Tunisia has become a target for Islamic terrorists. WikiLeaks documents revealed that the Americans were particularly concerned that a group which penetrated from Algeria had managed to recruit over 30 local activists in less than six weeks.
Alternative Messaging Towards Violent Extremism in Tunisia
Alternative messaging towards Violent Extremism in Tunisia
Author: Chourouk Amouri
Review: Nizar Ben Salah
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Model
In the wake of the Middle Eastern crises, the Tunisian case in focus has been doted as a unique
phenomenon being that it was the Genesis of the revolution that ultimately spread across the Middle East like
wild fire, but has eventually heralded a new dawn as democracy has incidentally returned to the Empire. This
literature therefore looks closely at the extent to which the ‘DignityRevolution’ has been instrumental in the
Middle East uprisings, which have brought an end to dynastic autocracies. The literature zeros in on the
Tunisian uprising which has attracted global concerns, sympathy and has sparked interests in the international
arena. The literature finds that the people hold colossal prospect in the uprising and its resultant effect, as it
paved the way for the revolutionist to generate, gather and disseminate information on the condition of the
entire region to the international community. The people in this context were of utmost importance and played a
very crucial role in the creation of awareness, mobilization of protesters and utmost determining the direction of
the uprising and also ensuring a speedy return to democratic rule. The paper submits that the role of the people
in ensuring that the ruins of the uprising is not left littering around and democracy restored is highly
commendable and should be a model for all other Arab countries involved in the revolution.
THE INTERNET: CATALYSING A LEADERLESS REVOLUTION
The document summarizes how social media, especially Facebook and Twitter, catalyzed a leaderless revolution in Tunisia that led to the overthrow of President Ben Ali in January 2011. Widespread protests were fueled by years of repression and censorship under Ben Ali's regime. Activists effectively used social media to document and spread information about the protests online when traditional media was censored. As videos, photos and hashtags spread, international attention and pressure grew, weakening Ben Ali's control. Ultimately, social media played a critical role in empowering citizens and helping the revolution succeed where it may not have otherwise.
Tunisian-Nationalist-Movement-1.pptm-1-1.pptx
Tunisian Nationalist Movement which stress the different waves of resistance unleached by Tunisia against French settlement
Arab spring.pptx
The revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt shared some similarities but ultimately led to different outcomes. Both overthrew long-standing authoritarian regimes in 2011 but Tunisia has transitioned more successfully to democracy while Egypt has reverted to authoritarianism. Key factors in Tunisia's success include stronger civil society, political compromise across ideological lines, and support from international actors for democratic reforms. Egypt has struggled due to political polarization, an influential military with authoritarian tendencies, and a lack of consensus on democratic values and institutions.
JPO_Unit 6 Arab Spring.pptx
1. The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia as a result of high unemployment, poverty, and political repression under authoritarian regimes.
2. Inspired by protests in Tunisia, protests erupted throughout the Arab world calling for democratic reforms and the end of dictatorial rule.
3. Social media played a key role in facilitating organization and spreading awareness of the protests internationally. Pages like "We are All Khaled Said" helped coordinate the Egyptian uprising.
4. While some countries underwent democratic transitions, others like Syria descended into civil war as regimes cracked down on dissent. Over a decade later, the impacts of the Arab Spring continue to reshape the region.
Tunisia
Tunisia has Modern Standard Arabic as its official language while Tunisian Arabic is considered the native language. French also plays a major role in the country and Italian is understood. Islam is the dominant and official religion. Tunisia is located in Northern Africa between Algeria and Libya, with a climate ranging from temperate to desert. The economy depends on sectors like agriculture, mining, manufacturing and tourism.
Syrian refugee crisis.pptx
The document summarizes the Syrian refugee crisis and Turkey's response. It discusses how the Arab Spring uprisings in 2011 led to civil war in Syria, forcing over 5.5 million Syrians to flee as refugees. Turkey has pursued an open door policy and granted Syrians temporary protection status, though they are not considered official refugees under Turkish law due to a geographical limitation. Turkey now hosts the largest number of Syrian refugees, posing challenges as most will remain long-term without a resolution to the Syrian conflict.
The Arab Spring Revoloution
The Arab Spring began in late 2010 and early 2011, sparked by protests in Tunisia that overthrew the government there. The movement then spread to other countries in the region with large protests demanding democratic reforms and the overthrow of authoritarian rulers. Social media played a key role in organizing and spreading awareness of the protests. The outcomes varied by country, with mostly peaceful transitions in Tunisia and Egypt but civil wars erupting in Libya and Syria, and ongoing instability in Yemen and other nations. While the Arab Spring sparked hope, successful democratic transitions have so far been limited.
The Arab Springs
The Arab Spring was a series of protests and uprisings in the Middle East that began in Tunisia in late 2010 in response to corruption, lack of political freedom, poor economic prospects, and repressive regimes. The protests spread to other countries including Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria. In Tunisia and Egypt, the presidents were ousted, but both countries faced ongoing instability and power struggles during their transition periods. In Libya, civil war broke out and NATO intervened, allowing rebels to take control, but the country remains divided. Yemen's president resigned under pressure but the country faces ongoing violence and poor economic conditions. Bahrain's protests were crushed by military intervention while Syria's protests led to a full
Rejections to liberalism congo
The document discusses the history and government of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It describes how Joseph Kabila became president after his father Laurent Kabila was assassinated in 2001. It also discusses Mobutu Sese Seko's authoritarian rule from 1965 to 1997, during which he banned political parties and opposition. Mobutu's corrupt regime deteriorated the country's economy until he was overthrown by Laurent Kabila. The document also notes how the DRC rejected principles of liberalism by banning political competition and other countries taking advantage of its natural resources.
Social Change and The Arab Spring
The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia after a fruit seller set himself on fire to protest government corruption and oppression. Massive street protests erupted demanding political reform. Through social media, the protests spread to other countries in the region, toppling authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and elsewhere. Social media played a key role in organizing and publicizing the protests internationally, and though some governments tried to shut down access, citizens found ways to communicate and coordinate their uprisings.
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Tunisia elections the country that chose "life"... by Chema Gargouri
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arabspringnewpresentation-150120192152-conversion-gate01.pptx
arabspringnewpresentation-150120192152-conversion-gate01.pptx
Alternative Messaging Towards Violent Extremism in Tunisia
Alternative Messaging Towards Violent Extremism in Tunisia
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Model
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Model
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Ensure environmental sustainability
The document outlines objectives to ensure environmental sustainability including integrating sustainable development principles into policies, reducing biodiversity loss, halving the population without access to drinking water and sanitation by 2015, and improving lives of 100 million slum dwellers by 2020. However, these objectives were only partially achieved as billions still lack access to water and sanitation, natural resources continue being destroyed, and more progress is needed. It recommends developing environmentally-friendly attitudes, rational product use and recycling, and participating in awareness campaigns about global issues.
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4.reducing child mortality
The document discusses reducing child mortality rates, with the goal of lowering the rate of children dying before age 5 by two-thirds. Specifically, it aims to reduce the mortality rate from 106 per 1000 children in 1990 to 35 per 1000 children in 2015. While the global average was 46 per 1000 children in 2013, down from 90 in 1990, rates vary greatly between developed and developing regions, with the highest rate of 167 per 1000 children in Angola. Several proposed interventions to reduce child mortality include providing health and nutrition services, improving family care, increasing access to water and sanitation, and responding quickly to emergencies.
1 eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
The document discusses the Millennium Development Goals of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. It notes that while poverty rates have been halved between 1990 and 2010, 162 million young children still suffer from chronic undernutrition. It also outlines some of the ongoing problems, such as one in five people in developing regions living on less than $1.25 per day and one in four children under age five having inadequate height. The objectives discussed include advocating for children's well-being, improving access to water and sanitation, supporting nutrition, educating girls, and building primary healthcare capacities.
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This document discusses establishing global partnerships for development without problems like racial discrimination, religious issues, and attacks on women. It notes that Sub-Saharan Africa has made progress eradicating these problems, while countries in Middle Africa still face significant challenges, especially constant attacks on women due to economic and religious factors. It concludes that respecting each other and creating associations to help address these issues can help, but overcoming religious differences remains a difficult challenge.
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The document summarizes the Syrian civil war and international response. It describes the uprising beginning in 2011 against President Bashar al-Assad and the conflict devolving into civil war. Key countries' stances are outlined, including the US initially opposing military intervention but considering it after alleged chemical weapons use by Assad. Russia and Iran support Assad while Turkey, Gulf states and Egypt back rebel groups seeking to oust his regime. Peace talks have faltered and the war continues without a resolution.
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Tunisia
- 2. • Location • Demography – Population – Religion – Language • Politics • Tunisian crisis – Causes of revolution – Facts cronologically – Relations with other countries after the revolution.
- 3. • Tunisia is located in North Africa between Argelia and Libya.
- 4. The population of Tunisia from a sociological, historical and genealogical view, are made up of people of mainly distinct and mixed Arab, Berber and Turkish descent. Nowadays, the majority of the population identify themselves as Arabs. •Religion: The majority of Tunisia´s population are Muslims while about 2% follow Christianity and Judaism or other religions.The constitution declares Islam as the official state religion. •Language: Arabic is the official language and Tunisian Arabic, known as Derja, is the local language.
- 5. • In Tunisia there is a democratic constitutional republic, with a president serving as head of state, Prime Minister as head of government, a bicameral legislature and a court system influenced by French Civil War. • The actual president of Tunisia is MONCEF MARZOUKI.
- 6. • The Tunisian Revolution,also known as the Jasmine Revolution, was an intensive campaign of civil resistance, including a series of street demonstrations taking place in Tunisia.
- 7. • A young boy after being revoked from his job, he set himself on fire in protest of the fact, the bad conditions and the economical crisis they were living. • After Bouazizi's death, the protests became widespread, moving into the more affluent areas and eventually into the capital. The anger and violence became so intense that President Ben Ali fled Tunisia with his family. • In Tunisia, unrest persisted as a new regime took over, leaving many citizens of Tunisia feeling as though their needs were still being ignored.
- 8. • 17 December 2010: A man called Mohamed Bouazizi decided to burn himself because the government closed his commerce and he was living in bad conditions. • 4 January 2011: Dies Mohamed as consequence of the wounds provoked by his action of protest. They announced a general strike. • 8 January 2011: Serious comfrontations. • 12 January 2011: Curfew in the capital and dismissal of the minister of the interior. • 13 January 2011: Ben Ali promises to move back in 2014.
- 9. • 14 January 2011: Multitudinous manifestation in the capital. The president left Tunisia. • 17 January 2011: Formation of a government of unit with provisional character integrated four ministers of Ben Ali and politicians. • 22 January 2011: With the government of destabilitation the police repress the manifestations and add to them. • 20 February 2011: The provisional government request to Saudi Arabia Ben Ali’s extradition. • 27 February 2011: Mohamed Ganouchi announces his resignation. The prime minister’s place was occupied by Essebsi. • 3 March 2011: Mebazzaa announces a TV speech, the summons of elections for October. • 23 October 2011: Elections of the Constitutional Assembly. • 13 December 2011: Marzouki became prime minister.
- 11. • People are complaining about foreign influence. For instance, Qatari involvement is growing here, with a lot of business and investment, but people are afraid that this will come with political influence. • Still, Tunisia is keen to rebuild its relations with its neighbours. There were some tensions with Libya, which are being resolved, and foreign dignitaries including the Algerian president came to Tunis for the anniversary of the revolution. • Looking further afield, Ennahda knows that it needs resources and economic support from the West and that there’s a need to be pragmatic. So the foreign minister of France has visited Tunis twice so far, and American officials and businesses such as Microsoft and Google are also exploring opportunities here. • Tunisia wants to safeguard its sovereignty, but to keep to a policy of positive engagement with the West.