A massive tsunami hit southern Asia in 2004 after an earthquake displaced tectonic plates and caused a vertical shift in the ocean floor. This uplifted a large volume of water that traveled at speeds up to 300 mph, slowing as it reached shore. The tsunami devastated countries that lacked warning systems, emergency shelters, hospitals, supplies, and shelters for survivors. It left thousands dead from infections, hunger, and depression and possibly missing persons. The tsunami also contaminated water supplies and increased health risks. Japan's 2011 tsunami showed that while prepared for earthquakes, more could have been done to prepare for tsunamis based on existing knowledge of such disasters.
this is one of my projects that I had made for my class X holiday homework, I hope this can help you gain some information about tsunamis and if you also want to make a project like this, I hope I have helped you. - mansvini
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
this is one of my projects that I had made for my class X holiday homework, I hope this can help you gain some information about tsunamis and if you also want to make a project like this, I hope I have helped you. - mansvini
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. Tsunamis Essay
Tsunamis
Table of Contents 1
Introduction: 2
Impact to human life: 3
Impact to Non–human life: 4
Impact to the Environment: 7
Impact to the Economy: 8
American Red Cross Assistance: 9
Conclusion: 13
Bibliography: 14
Introduction:
A massive Tsunami (Japanese for "Harbor wave") had hit southern Asia the day after Christmas 2004. The cause of the Tsunami was an offshore
earthquake that results in the tectonic plates being displaced and the creation of a vertical shift in the ocean floor. This vertical shift lead to a large
volume of water being uplifted and turned to create a huge wave that traveled up to 300 miles per hour, gradually slowing as it reached the shore. At
that time, people in...show more content...
These countries had neither the proper disaster warning systems nor any type of acceptable emergency shelters. Additionally, they did not have an
ample number of hospitals, medicines, supplies of food and enough shelters to care for the survivors of the tsunami. Therefore the wounded died
suffering infections, hunger and depression and left thousands possibly missing. The tsunami washed parts of countries away leaving the inhabitants
in total devastation. Though, the worst is yet to come. It has been found that people are now drinking from tainted water supplies, since the fact that
many resources or cargoes were unable to reach the people in a timely manner. The need for clean water is pressing. Health officials say that cases of
diarrhea illness were reported across the areas of South Asia. The World Health Organization predicated that about five million survivors of the
calamity are at the risk of getting infections from the disease (Dr Samlee Plianbangchang, 2005). Volunteers attempting to treat the survivors are still
struggling to provide the necessary help across all the nations affected. In addition to the diarrhea illnesses, there are major concerns about other
illnesses such as cholera and typhoid. People can become infected very easily with the consumption of tainted food and water. Once infected, the
2. individual can suffer form diarrhea, dehydration, and eventually death. Other illnesses
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3. Cause And Effect Essay On Tsunamis
Tsunami Assignment
Cause
Firstly tsunamis can be caused by landslides, Earthquakes and Volcanic eruptions. Most tsunamis are caused by massive earthquakes on the
seafloor when parts of rock move past each other all of a sudden causing water to move. A tsunami is a large sequence of very large waves created
by a sudden movement on the ocean's floor. Most earthquakes that create tsunamis happen in places around the world called the subduction zones
this is where pieces of the earth's crust press up against each other. The subduction zone is where an oceanic plate is being forced down into the
mantle by plate tectonic forces. The friction between the subducting plate and the overriding plate is huge. This friction helps prevent a slow and
steady rate of subduction and instead the two plates become stuck. Tsunamis are caused in the open ocean and at first they can appear to be only tiny
waves but they can grow very fast in size as they reach shallow water before crashing into villages, towns or even cities.
How it is recorded / warnings including the use of primary and secondary waves
A tsunami has a very long wavelength which can reach up to hundreds of kilometres. This means that the steepness or slope of the wave is very small
so it is almost impossible to see with the human eye at first. But there are ocean observing tools that are able to detect tsunamis from a long rage now
and is able to warn certain people that a Tsunami is coming. It took the National oceanic and atmospheric administration twenty years to make a reliable
(tsunamograph). A tsunamograph is an instrument that gives people accurate real time data on tsunamis. There are different anchored ocean bottom
pressure recorders at a depth of five thousand meters and most of the recorders area around the subduction zones since this is where most tsunamis
happen all around the world.
Example of recent event including damaged caused
In March 2011, at 2:46pm local time the most powerful offshore earthquake hit the northeast coast of japan triggered a massive tsunami that reached
the size of thirty nine meters. Firstly there was violent shaking for about three to five minutes and then the massive wave hit. The 8.9 magnitude
earthquake washed away
5. Tsunami Response Paper
Research by Goff et al.(2014) stated the following:
The traditional term tsunami means harbour wave (tsu: harbour, nami: wave)..., a tsunami is specifically described as a series of travelling waves of
extremely long length and period, usually generated by disturbances associated with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor.
Tsunami are commonly often associate with an earthquake but not all earthquakes generates tsunami. It depends on the movement of earth's plate. If
earth's plate moved vertically much damage from tsunami would occur. For example, on December,26,2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
shook Indonesia and killed an estimated 230,000 people, most due to the tsunami and the lack of aid afterward. (Live Science...show more content...
JetStream featured, "Tsunamis range in size from inches to over a hundred feet. In deep water (greater than 600 feet/180 meters)." As JetStream also
emphasized that the wave height can increase by over 10 times as tsunamis propagate into shallow water, and the waves can be amplified by shoreline
and bathymetric (seafloor) features, Cheng and Weiss (2013) researched the link between the onshore slope, initial amplitude and the difference
between the maximum tsunami inundation and inland sediment by observing from 2011 Tohoku–oki tsunami in Sendai. Cheng and Weiss (2013)
found that for sand the grain size has little effect on the deposition ratio, but initial amplitude and slope influence the deposition ratio; steep slopes and
low amplitudes have the most sensitive effect on deposition ratio.Thus, Cheng and Weiss (2013) argued that the application of the deposition ratio will
improve tsunami hazard assessments by providing a geophysically more realistic inundation limit than the cases where only the inland extent of
tsunami sediment is taken into account. Goto et al. (2014) also seemed to agree with Cheng and Weiss's research, as they stated "For disaster
prevention purpose, geological research is undoubtedly of great value to tsunami risk assessment...we should be considering what the most
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6. Hurricanes, Tsunamis, and Flooding Essay
Weather can affect agriculture in many, many different ways. From tornadoes, to tsunamis, to floods, any type of weather can and will affect
agriculture. When agriculture is affected by weather conditions, not only are the crops affected, but so are the people who grow and consume them. If
you think about it, that is pretty much everyone. So no matter what severe weather condition it is, everyone is going to be affected by it in some way.
Hurricanes, also known as tropical cyclones, are tropical storms that can last for two or more weeks. They range from a category one hurricane to a
category five. During a category one hurricane there are winds from seventy–four to ninety–five miles per hour. A category five hurricane brings...show
more content...
Hurricanes can effect agriculture by drowning crops and sometimes even tearing them from the ground. If they are drowned they can't be eaten
anymore, and if they are torn from the ground and the crops weren't fully developed the farmer is out of money. Another way hurricanes can effect
agriculture when the plants are killed off the herbivores won't have food to eat. Tsunami is a big wave or a series of waves, that is caused by seismic
activity, submarine landslides, and cosmic impacts. Seismic activity is the most common reason there are tsunamis. A submarine landslide is
caused by an earthquake, which then causes a tsunami. A cosmic impact is like when a rock is thrown in a pond and it makes the ripples. Waves
from a tsunami can travel at five hundred miles per hour. The waves from a tsunami can reach up to one hundred feet tall. Damage caused by
tsunamis are from massive flooding, water contamination, and fires, which can occur when a gas line is ruptured. Tsunamis can cause a whole coast
to to be destroyed and can make a beach disappear. A tsunami can cause many deaths and injuries and a lot of destruction. Many deaths that occur in
an earthquake are because of people drowning. The main warning sign of a tsunami is if an earthquake occurs. Tsunamis after earthquakes are not a
rare occurrence but they don't always happen. Another warning sign for a tsunami is if the water on the coast is abnormal. There are no real warning
signs
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7. Narrative Essay About Tsunami
"Quick crawl under the bed!" My dad screamed in panic. So everyone crawled under the bed and I pulled Micky under with me.
The shaking went on for what felt like ten minutes but it was really four. Once everything was stable everyone crawled out from under the bed.
The all of the sudden there was this ear piercing siren. I immediately ran to the window and looked out the window, I knew what it was. I saw
people running away from the beach. As the water was being pulled back at a rapid pace. My mom came over to the window and gasped in fear.
She then quickly rummaged through her purse and grabbed the car keys. We then tried to grab as much stuff as we could. And my mom quickly
grabbed the three life jackets from the closet. There were only three lifejackets so my dad gave my sister his and we quickly put them on. We only had
eleven minutes left before the tsunami officially hit land.
We grabbed our stuff and I hooked Mickey to his leash and we ran into the hallway. The halls were crowded with people trying to push their way
through and get down the stairs. We all held hands so we wouldn't get lost from each other in the crowd. And we ran down the stairs into the lobby.
The lobby was crowded, people were all trying to squeeze out the doors. My dad lead the way and we pushed our way out the lobby doors. We ran to
our car and unlocked the doors and hit the gas. Eleven minutes had passed and the tsunami had already started to hit land. We were racing the tsunami
to get to
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8. Essay on The Tsunami Disaster
The Tsunami Disaster At 0059 GMT on 26 December 2004, a magnitude 9.3 earthquake ripped apart the seafloor off the coast of northwest Sumatra.
Over 100 years of accumulated stress was released in the second biggest earthquake in recorded history.
It unleashed a devastating tsunami that travelled thousands of kilometres across the Indian Ocean, taking the lives of nearly 300,000 people in
countries as far apart as Indonesia, the Maldives, Sri Lanka and Somalia.
THE EARTHQUAKE
Two hundred and forty kilometres (150 miles) off the coast of Sumatra, deep under the ocean floor, at the boundary between two of the world's
tectonic plates, lay a 1,200km (745...show more content...
"We were astonished to find ourselves walking through a pristine marine ecosystem, missing only its multitude of colours, its fish, and its water," said
Professor Kerry Sieh, from the California Institute of Technology, US.
Yet, when the shaking from the earthquake subsided, no–one had any idea that the tremors had set in motion something far more deadly – a tsunami.
THE TSUNAMI
Deep under the Indian Ocean, at the epicentre of the quake, the 20m (65ft) upward thrust of the seafloor set in motion a series of geological events that
were to devastate the lives of millions.
Billions of tonnes of seawater, forced upward by the movement of the seabed now flowed away from the fault in a series of giant waves.
The only people in the world to have any idea what had happened were thousands of kilometres away on the island of Hawaii.
But, relying on seismic data alone, the scientists at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre had no idea the earthquake had unleashed an ocean
–wide
9. tsunami.
It was a full 50 minutes after they first picked up the tremors that they issued a warning of a possible local tsunami.
Thirty minutes after the shaking had subsided, the first wave, travelling eastwards, crashed into Sumatra.
On the shores directly facing the epicentre, the waves reached heights of 20m (65ft), stripping vegetation from mountain sides 800m (0.5 mile) inland,
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10. Physics of Tsunamis Essay
Tsunamis are waves, or series of waves, created by a disturbance in the ocean. Most of the time this disturbance is by an earthquake but can be from
meteorites, landslides, or even explosions. They are sometimes known as tidal waves but this is a misnomer because tsunamis have nothing to do with
tides. While tsunamis are feared particularly in light of the December 26th tsunami, the physics behind them is fascinating.
One the largest tsunamis in recent history was the Cascadia tsunami in 1700. This occured when two continental plates (stretching from Vancouver to
California) slipped causing a 9.0 magnitude earthquake. The resulting tsunami stretched across the entire Pacific and is recorded in Japanese history.
Researchers have...show more content...
The 1960 earthquake in Chile was ripe for causing a tsunami, and it caused one of the largest tsunamis in recent history. The tsunami stretched across
the entire Pacific causing large–scale destruction in Hawaii and Japan and in other places. Some towns in Japan were saved as the result of "watchers"
whose job included checking the ocean for unusual behavior. Several hundred people owe their lives to the men that saved entire towns.
The Alaskan Quake of 1964 caused a significant tsunami as well, killing 122 people and causing over $106 million in damage.
The most recent major tsunami was in the Indian Ocean. This is unusual because almost all tsunamis take place in the Pacific. On the morning of
December 26th, 2004 a magnitude 9.0 earthquake rocked Southeast Asia. This quake triggered a tsunami that is the most deadly to date. Almost
300,000 people have died as a result of the tsunami, and hundreds of thousands more are displaced or homeless. The quake was the largest in 40
years and was so large that it moved the ocean several meters vertically at the epicenter; this is enormous for tsunamis. In some places the tsunami
was as high as 15 meters but in many areas it just occured as a rushing wall of water, more similar to a flood than waves. The ocean receded very far
before rushing back in, exposing fish and seafloor never seen before. This piqued the curiousity of many people thus causing many more deaths than
there would have been.
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11. Essay On Tsunamis
Since Tsunamis have occurred, there has been a considerable amount of destruction to buildings and structures. People have spend Millions in
rebuilding these structures which is not benefiting the economy and this disaster has been continuously been in the news and also has been
happening around the world especially in the Ring of Fire. This part of the world is disastrous as many seismic sea waves, earthquakes and
volcanoes occur. [1] There are many problems relating to waves that affect people over the world. Some waves being very dangerous while other not
as much. Tsunamis (Seismic sea Waves) is a series of very huge waves which are created by underwater disturbances includingearthquake, landslide,
volcanic eruptions or meteorites. [2]
Tsunamis are one of the most deadliest and destructive disasters as...show more content...
One major limitation to Curved seawalls or seawalls in general is that they ruin the view and scene for tourists. Although, seawalls protect and
prevent any harm to human residence, a big tall concrete structure instead of an open area with a view will ruin the tourist attraction in an area.
Coming to a beach, people and especially tourists would expect to have a beautiful scene with nothing blocking their sight. Would a concrete wall
ruin tourists view on shorelines or beaches? This connects to a social aspect as people want to enjoy and have fun at the beach with sunny weather
and also a great view, but with a big concrete wall, tourists and people would not feel that welcomed. This also connects to Beach reviews online as
tourists might comment something negative about the scene and view. This also connects to an economical aspect because tourists will not be as
attracted to the beach or shoreline as they used to be, meaning, that the workers in stores, shops or workers doing activities will not earn as much
money as not many people would be there.
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12. The Japanese 2011 Tsunami
Countries always try to prepare in case of a natural disaster. Some are successful at doing this while other counties are less fortunate. Japan is a
country known for natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. Over the years they have gained much knowledge of earthquakes and tsunamis, but
did not put all of it to use. In the 2011 tsunami/earthquake, some damage could have been avoided if Japan were as prepared for the tsunami as they
were for the earthquake. Japan should use what it already knows and learn from its experiences in order to prepare more effectively in case of a future
natural disaster.
The 2011 tsunami/earthquake is an earthquake of a magnitude that has only been experienced a couple times. "A triple disaster – earth, water and
nuclear – struck Japan on March 11, 2011, when the biggest earthquake in its history ripped the seafloor" (Oskin). An 8.9 magnitude shock was
followed by a ten meter tsunami (Japan Marks 3rd Anniversary of Tsunami Disasters). Approximately 25,000 people died (Parker). This left families
torn apart and devastated. Even though Japan is, "the most disaster–aware nation in the world" (Moore), it has still not prepared for the worst. The
country was acceptably prepared (Parker).
Japan has spent decades studying earthquakes and tsunamis (Moore). All this knowledge did not go to waste. Japan is significantly prepared for
earthquakes. In fact, most of the damage was caused by the tsunami and not the earthquake. One of the ways Japan is
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13. Tsunamis Essay
Environmental Science
Tsunamis
A tsunami (soo–NAH–mee) is a series of waves that occur in an ocean or other large body of water and that are caused by some activity that displaces
big amounts of water. Tsunami is the Japanese word for "harbor wave."
Earthquakes that occur on the seafloor or in coastal areas usually cause tsunamis.
The energy generated by the earthquake is transmitted through the water. In deep oceans the energy in these seismic sea waves can travel virtually
unnoticed because the wave height may be only twelve inches. When this energy reaches the shallow waters of coastlines, bays, or harbors, it forces
the water into a giant wave. Some...show more content...
Fishermen twenty miles out to sea didn't notice the wave pass under their boats because it only had a height at the time of about fifteen inches. They
were totally unprepared for the devastation that awaited them when they returned to the port of
Sanriku. Twenty–eight thousand people were killed and 170 miles of coastline were destroyed by the wave that had passed under them.
Tsunamis in deep water can have a wavelength greater than 300 miles (500
2)
kilometers) and a period of about an hour. This is very different from the normal
California tube, which generally has a wavelength of about 300 feet (100 meters) and a time of about ten seconds. (The period of a wave is the time
between two successive waves.) Tsunamis are shallow–water waves, which means that the ratio between water depth and wavelength is very small.
These shallow–water waves move at a speed equal to the square root of the product of the acceleration of gravity (9.8m/s/s) and the water depth.
The deeper the water, the faster and shorter the wave is. For example, when the ocean is
20,000 feet deep, a tsunami travels at 550 miles per hour. At this speed, the wave can compete with a jet airplane, traveling across the ocean in less
than a day.
Another important factor in considering tsunamis is the rate at which they lose energy. Because a wave loses energy at a rate inversely related to its
15. Tsunami and People Essay examples
OUTLINE
THESIS: The tsunami is a dangerous natural disaster that should be analyzed and studied to prevent unnecessary deaths.
What is a Tsunami?
A.Definition
B.Historical background
C.What effects do they cause
What causes Tsunami?
D.Why do tsunami occur?
E.Where do they occur?
F.How often do they occur
What damage do they cause?
G.The financial cost
H.The environmental cost
I.The human cost
Analyzing and researching
J.Detecting a tsunami
K.Planning
L.Learning from the past
V. CONCLUSION
16. Tsunami: Analyzing the tsunami to prevent future tragedy
The Encyclopedia Britannica defines tsunami as "a seismic sea wave or tidal wave that is...show more content...
All these tsunamis however took lives of the people who lived or were visiting the area at the time. In addition to the death that a tsunami causes,
there are also other effects. The towns or cities where the disasters took place are also affected. Many structures are destroyed or damaged.
Businesses may be destroyed. All these effects make it difficult and slow for the areas to not only aid those that were hurt in the tsunami but also
to rebuild the towns and cities quickly. This has an effect on not only the economy of the town but also on its people. They may feel like there is
no hope as they try to rebuild and start again. Besides the economic effects after a tsunami and its mental effect on the people, there may also be
environmental effects. The result of the ocean coming on to land has a bad effect on fresh water supplies. The drinking water may be affected.
This alone may lead to diseases but also other health problems are caused because of water left standing for long periods. The standing water may
help mosquitoes to develop and cause the spread of various diseases. The large number of dead in certain areas may also cause problems as there is
not enough room to place the dead and the bodies are left out in the open until they can be buried. The effect of a tsunami are can also be global as in
the 2004 tsunami that hit many countries and killed citizens of many other
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17. Tsunamis And Natural Disasters
Natural disasters occur all around our world .There are a variety of natural disasters , but
Tsunamis are the most interesting. Tsunamis are interesting because they are lethal , occur in many different places , raise prices , and have a huge
impact on the surrounding ecosystem. First , Atsunami can lead to deadly diseases .The diseases that can be caused by a tsunami are cholera , Typhoid
fever , skin diseases , Malaria fever , and Dengue fever. The disease that is spread usually depends where the natural disaster occurred . The most
dangerous disease that can be caught is Malaria fever . Malaria is one of the top 10 deadliest diseases in the world .Malaria is a disease caused by
getting bitten by an infected mosquito that transfers parasites into the blood and is a huge threat to the survivors of a tsunami with all the flooding ,
survivors had shelter where breeding sites for mosquitoes were. .UNICEF is a first aid program that helps the survivors from a tsunami.The UNICEF
team provides clean water , sanitation , immunizations , and supplementary feeding for those at risk of disease and malnutrition. Tsunamis take away
many lives and cause many injuries.Through the years of 1980–2008 there was 7,916 people killed per year due to a tsunami , there was also 9,876
injuries per year. In addition ,tsunamis occur in many different places .This natural disaster mainly occurs in the Pacific ocean and Indonesia.This
happens because the Pacific rim
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18. Cause And Effect Of Tsunamis
A tsunami is a series of powerful waves caused by things such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and meteorites. One of the main causes of
tsunamis is the movement of the tectonic plate boundaries. They are one of the world's worst natural disasters. Tsunamis can travel anywhere between
10–500 km in land. As a tsunami travels along the ocean surface it builds up speed, the closer it gets to the shore the shallower the water gets and the
wave slows down. The slower the wave the more its height increases; this is called 'the shoaling effect'. Some tsunamis can start off a mere 30
centimetres in the ocean but when they reach the shore can have a height of 30 metres. The effects of a tsunami can be amplified if a bay, lagoon or
harbour channels the waves inland, a large tsunami can rise up to 100 metres in height. The word tsunami comes from the Japanese word for tsunami.
The radiation leaked out for months until they finally stopped it, it leaked into the Pacific Ocean raising the level up to 4,000 past the legal limit.
Tsunamis have a lot of environmental impacts such as contamination of water and sewage supply, destruction of natural habitats, death of natural
wildlife and pollution is carried out to sea and further inland. Not only does the initial waves destroy habitats and wildlife the flooding continues to
cause damage for weeks after the initial blow. When a tsunami travels inland it carries with it every single piece of waste, debris and pollution, this
can lead to the death of marine wildlife. This also effects the natural habitats of the in land animals and wildlife, when the waves sweep over the land it
can drown nearly every living thing in its path. E.g. the 2011 Japanese tsunami had a devastating effect on the environment. The tsunami destroyed a
nuclear power plant, which released radioactivity into all the water supply's and all through the land and sea killing the marine and land wildlife.
Tsunamis have many social impacts such as death, disease, loss of infrastructure and dismantled families. When a tsunami strikes it is nearly
impossible to escape in time, which would explain why the death tolls are so high. If the area the tsunami strikes in has no high ground to flee to then
the
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19. A Report on the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Enormous forces that had been building up deep within the earth for hundreds or perhaps
thousands of years were suddenly released on December 26, 2004, unleashing the energy of 475,000 kilotons of TNT or 23,000 Hiroshima–sized
atomic bombs. This event would come to be known as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, and it would result in a death toll of 283,000, the deadliest
tsunami in history. This report examines information surrounding how nature generates such a deadly phenomenon and its aftermath. Earthquake and
Tsunami Facts The term "tsunami" was internationally adopted in 1963 to describe this phenomenon. The word is a combination of two Japanese
characters, tsu (harbor) and nami (wave). Tsunamis may be mistakenly referred to as "tidal waves," a misnomer, since tides have nothing to do with
tsunami formation. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by a rapid and large–scale disturbance of the sea water. Most tsunamis are caused by
earthquakes, but they may also be generated by volcanic eruptions, landslides, undersea slumps or meteor impacts ("NOAA reacts," 2004). The
tsunami–causing earthquake lasted for three to four minutes, which is the actual rupture duration, that is, the time it took for the earthquake to happen
on the fault and rupture its entire length. The length of time that people felt the shaking varied according to their distance from the fault, what type of
bedrock they were on, what the
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20. Tsunami Of Tsunami : Tsunami Essay
2.0 TSUNAMI GENERATION A tsunami is a large and high ocean wave that is caused by the changes in the flow and surge of the ocean. Tsunami
waves will travel at high speed across the open ocean and it will build into a large deadly waves in the shallow water, especially when it approach
the shore. Tsunami can also be derived from the sudden motion on the ocean floor. The sudden movement on the ocean floor are due to the seaquakes
which can be defined as the earthquakes under the seafloor; landslides on the seafloor; large volcanic eruptions; and a large meteor impact on the
ocean. There are four stages involved during the occurrence of tsunami. They are the tsunami generation stage, propagation, shoaling and inundation
stage. 2.1 TSUNAMI GENERATED BY SEAQUAKES Tsunami generated by the seaquakes (earthquakes under the seafloor) generally take place at
the subduction zone of the ocean. The subduction zone is the boundary between tectonic plates, where by an oceanic plate is being forced down into
the mantle by tectonic plate's force which is also known as the lithosphere plate force. The collision between the subduction and tectonic plate will
potentially generates tsunami. Tsunami taking place on the subduction zone will create a movement of the seafloor. The seafloor movement will occur
when it is being sitted on the block of the earth's crust that will shift up and down when the quake happens. Generally, it will take a minimum of
Magnitude 7.5 earth quake to
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21. I Survived Tsunami Essay
The title of my novel is I Survived The Japanese Tsunami. It is written by Lauren Tarshis. Lauren Tarshis has written multiple I Survived books by
now, and this one was definitely one of my favorites. The genre of this novel is nonfiction it was a true story about a boy named Ben and his family.
They went to visit Japan where his father had passed 4 months ago and during the visit, the worst strikes. The protagonist of this book is Ben he is the
main character who is fought against the tsunami that was killing and sabotaging Ben and his brothers visit to Japan. Ben was the oldest child, very
brave, and loved to play basketball. ''They'd been at the basketball courts across from their house" (Tarshis 21). The antagonist of the story is the
tsunami because the tsunami was fighting against the protagonist, Ben and causing harm to his family. The Japanese Tsunami, was a magnitude–9
savage earthquake that shook Japan. "The tsunami had destroyed towns and cities all around Ben and his family." (Tarshis 56) The point of view in
the story is the third person because there is a narrator who...show more content...
nature conflict. When Ben and his family goes to visit Japan, the major tsunami interfered with their entire trip. In the beginning, they arrived in
Japan from California. A few days later, Harry, Ben's little brother, fall out of a tree and had to get stitches at the Hospital. Within a few minutes of
arriving back to Ojisan's house, the earthquake begin. A massive earthquake that rocked the quiet coastal village. When the tsunami strikes, Ben
can't find any of his family he was terrified. Ben knew he had to survive so he took An, Ojisan's cat, to go find shelter in a nearby school. Ben was
so relieved when he realized that his uncle was also seeking shelter at the same school. In the end, what a miracle Ben was so relieved when he was
finally reunited with his family everyone was found and
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22. Tsunami Killer Wave Study Guide
Patricia Ann Deriquito
Oceanography (Friday class)
Tsunami: Killer Wave– Movie Review
National Geographic
A tsunami is one of nature's most catastrophic and destructive forces in the world. Unlike hurricanes or storms, there are no warning signs, the weather
doesn't get bad, and the earth doesn't shake. This documentary explores the origins of tsunami waves and what causes them. We are also taken to past
events where survivors tells us enthralling stories of tsunami incidents that they had encountered in Hawaii, Japan, and the Pacific Northwest. While
scientists and researchers alike, tries to find better ways to warn people and prepare them for such disastrous phenomenon.
As a product of undersea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, these
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23. Physics of Tsunamis Essay examples
Physics of Tsunamis
This paper will discuss the physics and warning systems of tsunamis, a destructive wave force that researchers have been studying for many years.
Tsunamis are different than tides or surface waves because undersea earthquakes, instead of winds or the gravitational pull of the moon or sun, generate
them. They can reach speeds of up to 700 kilometers per hour but can be undetected until they reach shallow water, then unexpectedly arise as deadly
waves.
Tsunamis evolve from three physical processes, which are generation, propagation, and inundation of dry land. The propagation phase is the most
understood, whereas generation and inundation are more difficult to model with computer simulations. Researchers apply a...show more content...
The Japanese word tsunami translates literally as "harbor wave", because a tsunami can speed silently and undetected across the ocean, then
unexpectedly arise as destructively high waves in shallow coastal waters.
Tsunamis have a very powerful, long reach. They can transport destructive energy from their source to coastlines thousands of kilometers away.
Hawaii, because of its mid–ocean location, is especially vulnerable to tsunamis. Regardless of their origin, tsunamis evolve through three overlapping
but distinct physical processes; generation by any force that disturbs the water column, propagation from deeper water near the source to shallow
coastal areas, and inundation of dry land. Of these, the propagation phase is most understood, whereas generation and inundation are more difficult to
model with computer simulations.
Generation is the process by which a seafloor disturbance, such as movement along a fault, reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami. Direct
measurements of the seafloor motion have never been available but modelers assume that the displacement is identical to that of the ocean floor.
Researchers use an idealized model of the quake and assume the crustal plates slip past one another along a simple, rectangular plane inside the earth.
Even then, predicting the tsunami's initial height requires at least ten parameters that researchers must estimate, which is the reason that this first
simulation frequency underestimates inundation,
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