This document discusses parameters for measuring water quality, including total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), and turbidity. High TSS can slow photosynthesis, lower dissolved oxygen, and harm aquatic life. The procedure to measure TSS and VSS involves filtering a water sample, drying the filter, and calculating the solid concentrations. High TSS increases turbidity, making the water cloudy and unsafe. The relationship between these parameters and their impacts on water and living things are examined.

1. TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
S A M P L E : D O W N S T R E A M F S C
KU MARIAM ZAINAB KU ABDULLAH 1422960
FATHIN NADHIRAH KAMAL ARIFFIN 1423680
WAN NUR ASIAH WAN MOHD SUKRI 1422354
FARHANA MAHMOD 1229304
ALIA TASNIM HAZMI 1424128
ADLIN NADIAH ZAINAN 1425116
ISTISYHAD MOHAMAD 1427772

2. To measure the
total suspended
solids, volatile
suspended
solids &
turbidity
To identify the
relationship
between
turbidity
&total
suspended
solids
To discuss the
relationship
between TSS &
DO level
released into the
water
To identify
the effect of
TSS level on
living things
in the water

3. Water quality parameter that is
defined as the quantity of material
suspended in a known volume of
water that is trappable in a filter.
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID
VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLID
The portion of the suspended
solids which are volatilized
at 550℃.
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
Physical characteristics of water
are determined by senses of
touch, sight, smell and taste. For
example temperature by touch,
colour, floating debris, turbidity
and suspended solids by sight,
and taste and odor by smell.

4. TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Block the light from penetrating through the water, thus
slow down the photosynthesis process
Less dissolved oxygen to be released into the water by
plant and eventually the plant will die
Dissolved oxygen levels decreases because the bacteria will
used up the dissolved oxygen to decompose the plant.
H I G H
T S S
V A L U E
SLOW
PHOTO
-SYNTHESIS
PROCESS
PLANT
DECOMPOSED

5. VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLID
Importance of VSS
Great importance
in water and
wastewater
treatment.
Give rough
approximation
on organic
matter present
in water
Better
indicator of
amount of
bacteria in
water

6. High TSS value lead
to high turbidity
Water appeared
cloudy and murky
Less light
penetration
Water is not
safe to be
consume

7. The microfiber filter paper
was weighed.
The pre-weighed filter paper
was placed into the filter
holder with the wrinkle
surface up.
The filter holder was placed
assembly in the 250 ml filter
flask and the filter paper was
wet with deionized water to
ensure adhesion to the
holder.
50 ml of well mixed water
sample was transferred to the
filtering apparatus while
applying vacuum followed by
washing 10 ml deionized
water.
The filter paper was dried at
the oven for 60 minutes at
103̊C- 105̊C.
The filter was taken out of
the oven and allowed to cool
to room temperature.
The filter was weighed using
analytical balance.

8. The aluminium
dish was
weighed using
analytical
balance.
The filter from
step 7 of TSS was
transferred to
pre-weighed
aluminium dish.
The dish with
filter was
weighed using
analytical
balance.
The aluminium
dish was placed
in muffle furnace
at 550̊C for 30
minutes.
The dish was
taken out from
the furnace and
cooled in
desiccators.
The dish was
weighed using
analytical
balance.

9. TURBIDITY
A, initial weight of
paper
B, after drying @
103ᵒC – 105ᵒC
C, after drying @
550ᵒC
1340 NTU
98 mg
103 mg
99 mg
Dilution factor for sample =
50
5
= 10
Total suspended solids (TSS) =
𝐵−𝐴
𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑚𝑙)
=
103 𝑚𝑔 −98 𝑚𝑔
50 𝑚𝑙
x
1000 𝑚𝑙
1 𝐿
= 100 mg/L
Volatile suspended solids (VSS) =
𝐵−𝐴 −(𝐶−𝐴)
𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑚𝑙)
=
103 −98 −(99 −98)
50 𝑚𝑙
x
1000 𝑚𝑙
1 𝐿
= 80 mg/L
Final results (with dilution factor)
TSS = 100 mg/L x 10 = 1000 mg/L
VSS = 80 mg/L x 10 = 800 mg/L

11. Q & A SESSION