The document outlines various definitions and aspects of truth, emphasizing its objective, historical, empirical, predictive, and moral dimensions. It discusses the distortion of truth in a post-truth era, where subjective beliefs and emotions often override objective facts, leading to a loss of trust and coherence in understanding reality. Additionally, the document explores the implications of this shift on societal beliefs, media representations, and the importance of maintaining a coherent moral framework.

1. Truth
• Definition
Created by Professor Haller at Math Symposium at Palm Beach State College
• That which is factual
• That which conforms with reality

2. Objective
Truth
Historical
The Past
Empirical
The Present
Statistical
The Future
Observational In Nature
Interpretative and Applicative in Nature
Moral
Truth
What are the rules to define meaning,
purpose, right, wrong, good, or evil? A
naturalistic relativistic worldview can
only describe things . It is amoral.
Subjective
Truth
Personal experience

3. A Hypothesis is a Claim
A Claim seeks to Determine Truth with a Certain Level of
Certainty, Confidence, Significance, or Reliability
• Truth can be knowable with certain degrees of certainty
• Truth can at times defy being identifiable
• Truth can be conclusive to elusive
• Truth is missed due to wrong observations,
misinterpretations, misapplications, and wrong
paradigms. How a question is framed is so crucial!
• Truth is exclusive not inclusive.
Definition: Truth
• That which is factual
• That which conforms with reality

4. I) Historical Truth: the Past
– Subject to credible eye witnesses – the more the better
– Physical evidence of some type. Crime labs - Archaeology – a manuscript
– When written internal evidence such as meeting grammar, syntax, style,
language of the time and place in question.
– Courts of law attempt to determine a historical event
– Historical accounts and narratives are dissected to confirm the past.
– Descriptive statistics fall in this area.
Codex Sinaiticus 300AD: If a reproductive copy of the 1st
century we expect it to follow Greek grammar, syntax,
vocabulary, paper, and confirm historical/geographical
characteristics unique to that era. Also, notice to forge or
insert words is not possible. Sentences are run on
sentences.
Descriptive Statistics
• How tall are people in a group?
• What is their weight?
• What is their age?

5. II) Empirical Truth:
the Present
– Subject to the scientific method
– Repeatable, measurable, and verifiable
– Example water boils at 100 degrees C.
– Hypothesis Testing
» Determine if there is reason to reject
the hypothesis or claim
» Set a boundary of how accurate does
one wish to be
– Forensic Testing

6. III) Predictive Truth: the Future
• Inferential Statistics – Forecasting, modeling, simulation –
prophetic in nature

7. Why do we use statistics?
It permits seeing through a hazy fog of
uncertainty with greater clarity - truth
The Beloved Family Canary

8. Statistics is a blurred
photograph of the real world
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

9. Statistics gives clarity, certainty,
confidence, reliability, and significance
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

10. IV) Personal Experience:
• We touch boiling water we (ex)claim- it is hot!
• It every language are words like hunch, insight,
intuition, illumination, enlightenment, revelation,
epiphany, an intense catharsis.
• See Eureka effect – see
the unseen
• See Epiphany
an emotional catharsis
• These tend to be highly subjective in nature. Our senses can deceive
us. Others will naturally be skeptical especially if it is an experience
uncommon such as having an extraordinary or supernatural origin.
Fall into 3 categories.
– Unintentional self delusion – a hallucination
– Intentional deception – a lie
– Reliable and confirmed by the other truths

11. V) Moral Truth:
• The lens through which to
interpret truth that is
discovered
• Truth that stand through the
centuries as self evident.
• Honesty
• Loyalty
• Devotion
• Patriotism
• Family
• Kindness
• Generosity
• Self-sacrifice
• Respect of
• Life
• Possessions
• Person
• A moral truth indicates there must be a moral law giver
• Without some agreed upon moral framework a purely
naturalistic world view states you and I are merely an
accident of time + chance. We simply dance to the tune of the
DNA given us. We exist without purpose or intentional
design. All things are relative.

12. Coherency:
• All the various truths converge to make sense not non sense. Rules
apply as to semantics known as hermeneutics. How do we make
interpretations and conclusions with a syllogism.
• A public speaker once was asked why must every world view attempts
to give a coherent explanation of truth or reality? He responded do
you want a coherent or incoherent reply?
In Logic called: The Law
of Coherency or Rational
Inference
Truth is Exclusive: If
today is Monday it is
exclusively Monday. If I
am a member of the
Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday inclusive club I
am sincere but wrong

13. • Truth can be Distorted by Semantics
– Words
• False syllogisms
• Hermeneutics – the science of
interpretation – what is the noun,
what is the verb, is what stated literal
or figurative?

14. Types of Logical Fallacies
Fallacies of Relevance
• Ad Hominem
(Personal Attack)
• Bandwagon Fallacy
• Fallacist’s Fallacy
• Fallacy of
Composition
• Fallacy of Division
• Gambler’s Fallacy
• Genetic Fallacy
Fallacies of Ambiguity
• Accent Fallacies
• Equivocation Fallacy
• Straw Man Fallacy
Irrelevant Appeals
• Appeal to Antiquity /
Tradition
• Appeal to Authority
• Appeal to Consequences
• Appeal to Force
• Appeal to Novelty
• Appeal to Pity
• Appeal to Popularity
• Appeal to Poverty
• Appeal to Wealth
Red Herring
Weak Analogy
Moralistic Fallacy
Naturalistic Fallacy

15. Fallacies of Presumption
• Affirming the Consequent
• Arguing from Ignorance
• Begging the Question / Circular Reasoning
• Complex Question Fallacy
• Cum Hoc Fallacy
• False Dilemma / Bifurcation Fallacy
• Hasty Generalization Fallacy
• ‘No True Scotsman’ Fallacy
• Post Hoc Fallacy
• Slippery Slope Fallacy
• Sweeping Generalization Fallacy
• Subjectivist Fallacy
• Tu Quoque Fallacy

16. Trends in a Post Truth Era
Post Truth: Truth is no longer reliably known (due to conflicting
sources and the sheer amount of nonsense in the world). Debates are
often about which "facts" are actually true instead of what they mean or
how connect them coherently.
Post truth is where public opinion is shaped more-so by subjective
opinion and emotion rather than objective facts. It appeals to
emotion and personal belief.
Post Truth Era -2016
Truth Declared not Discovered or Validated with Facts

17. Objective facts are less influential in shaping public
opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.
Cherry-pick data and come to whatever conclusion you
desire’
We live in a post-truth age…we make up our own
subjective reality
Post-truth’ 2016 word of the year
by Oxford Dictionaries
It's official: Truth is dead. Facts are passe.
“Given that usage of the term hasn’t shown any signs of slowing
down, I wouldn’t be surprised if post-truth becomes one of the
defining words of our time,” said Grathwohl, the Oxford
Dictionaries president.

18. For what it's worth, “post-truth” is not to be confused with
“truthiness,” the phenomenon of “believing something that
feels true, even if it isn't supported by fact.”
1. The concept that a person's perception and how they 'feel' about
things supersedes fact
2. The complete disregard for any body of evidence or advice from the
scientific community when contesting facts
3. Negation of events or information widely accepted to be true.
"Truthiness is 'What I say is right, and nothing anyone else says could
possibly be true.' " -Stephen Colbert
“Who's Britannica to tell me the Panama Canal was finished in 1914?!" he
continued in the segment. “If I want to say it happened in 1941, that's my right.
I don't trust books. They're all fact, no heart.”

19. Post Truth Seen in
I) History of Ideas:
Nietzsche’s perspectivism or relativism.
It depends from where you come from your demographic age, ethnicity, -
truth is ultimately really fiction. Subjectivity rules. Everything is relative.
Knowledge is power and ultimately the will and the power to dominate is
truth.
"A new and magical understanding of the world is on the rise, one based on
will rather than truth. There is no truth, in either the scientific or the moral
sense."
- Adolf Hitler

20. II) Social Sciences
Everything is socially constructed. The majority opinion states what is true.
Word, words, there are nothing but words formed and shaped by culture and time.
Why must there be a sole interpretation and application to everything? Why do you
dogmatically insist things must be coherent?
Let us have White math, Hispanic math, Asian math, and Black math taught as
separate subjective realities.
I wish to claim I am an Eskimo – who is to deny me my declaration. Where is the
discover by birth certificates or other factual proofs other than I like to live in an Igloo?
Post Truth Seen in

21. III) Media
– If we see visually and hear audibly or in
print it carries the weight of being true.
– John Kennedy’s Dallas speech never
took place. It was a composite of
various speeches pasted together.
– The media can Photoshop any picture.
It can blend two unrelated audiovisual
things into one. It does not matter if it
is accurate or true.
Post Truth Seen in

22. III) Media
– If we see visually and
hear audibly or in
print it carries the
weight of being true.
– John Kennedy’s
Dallas speech never
took place. It was a
composite of various
speeches pasted
together.
Post Truth Seen in
Hear JFK's voice deliver the Dallas
speech he never gave in 1963
Updated: 1:39 PM CDT March 16, 2018
DALLAS – A Scottish technology
company has used computers to recreate
the speech President John F. Kennedy
was set to deliver at the Dallas Trade
Mart the day he was assassinated.
CereProc, which specializes in text-to-
speech technology, collected 116,777
sound units from 831 of JFK’s speeches
and radio addresses, according to British
newspaper The Times, which
commissioned the project.

23. III) Media
– If we see visually and hear audibly
or in print it carries the weight of
being true.
– The media can Photoshop any
picture. It can blend two unrelated
audiovisual things into one. It does
not matter if it is accurate or true.
Post Truth Seen in

24. IV) Danger -Consequences to the
loss of the truth
– We lose the ability to trust
– We are easily deceived and adopt post
truth thinking our self. Justice is lost.
Legally win at all costs. Distort
everything.
– Freedom needs the absence of
domination by others, such as the
political, religious, commercial, or
cultural elite, who give us group control
and think
– Freedom means the presence of the
ability to be – unrestricted to ascend
and achieve one’s purpose in life due to
one’s efforts and natural abilities with
minimal obstruction
Fall of Berlin Wall – one of the
slogans “we are not like them”
speaking of the Soviet Union
and its distortions of lies and
political suppression. We wish
to be free
You shall know the truth (veritas) and the
truth will make you free