Kenneth Ain discovered that 17 of the 18 thyroid cancer cell lines he developed and shared with other researchers were actually contaminated with other types of cancer cells like melanoma and colon cancer. This widespread contamination has compromised a large amount of medical research over decades. Up to a third of all cell lines used in cancer research have been found to be "imposters" - misidentified cell types. However, correcting this problem has proven extremely difficult. Laboratories can take years to fully validate all their cell lines through DNA fingerprinting and remove any contaminated ones from use. Many researchers are reluctant to acknowledge problems with cell lines they have worked with and published papers about. The contamination issue continues to plague the field despite being widely known about for decades.
Christopher Korch has identified hundreds of widely used cell lines that are contaminated with other cell types. He estimates that around 20% of cell lines are contaminated. Korch has quantified the impact of two contaminated cell lines, HEp-2 and INT-407, which are actually composed of cancerous HeLa cells but have been used to study other tissue types. HEp-2 has been used in over 5,700 publications referring to laryngeal cancer, while INT-407 has been used in over 1,300 publications referring to normal intestine. Korch estimates the total citations influenced by these misidentified lines could be over 200,000. The estimated costs of the original research on these lines is $713 million, with an
Scientists have discovered new ways to trap and kill the malaria parasite. Researchers found that blocking the pore through which the parasite communicates with the outside of red blood cells fatally imprisons the parasite, preventing it from stealing resources and eliminating waste. Separate research identified a protein that guides folding and unfolding of parasite proteins, and blocking this protein could prevent transmission through the pore. Stem cell scientists have also developed a method to track gene expression in specific cell types in the kidneys of rats to better understand acute kidney injury and identify early signs of damage.
The document discusses some of the challenges in communicating science to non-scientists. It notes that the language of science can be difficult for non-experts to understand and provides examples of scientific terms that could be misunderstood. It also examines how science is portrayed in the media and discusses how this coverage can oversimplify scientific concepts and findings in ways that lead to misunderstandings.
Wagner College Forum for Undergraduate Research, Vol. 15 No. 1Wagner College
This document provides an introduction and summaries of papers presented in the Wagner Forum for Undergraduate Research journal. It discusses the purpose of the journal in publishing student research and outlines the sections and types of papers included. Abstracts are provided for 10 studies presented at the Eastern Colleges Science Conference on topics ranging from bacterial infections in zebrafish to the effects of plant extracts on bacteria. Full papers are summarized on detecting proteins in flatworm genomes and the benefits of diversity in corporate management.
Wagner College Forum for Undergraduate Research, Vol. 17 No. 1Wagner College
The Fall 2018 issue contains abstracts by Kevin Lipton, John Acquaviva, Lejla Bolevic, Anna Cios, Lauren Taibi, Samantha Susi & Jack Leighton, Mara Mineo, Tamar Amirov & Vinh Phuong, Kelsey Savje & Domenick Palmieri, Oskar Sundberg & Iireyel Gittens, Ellen Reidy, Derek Avery, Zachary Pandorf & Michelle Hernandez, Piper Skinner, Matthew Barreto & Victor Ruan, Monica Valero and Gent Prelvukaj. It also contains articles by Adam O’Brien, Cathryn Cantyne, Claire Johnson & Jacqueline Otake, Jordan Gonzales, Jacquelyn Thorsen, John Badagliacca, Elena Rotzokou, Ethan Meyer and Glen MacDonald.
Henrietta Lacks' cells were taken without her permission in 1951 and used to create the first immortal human cell line, known as HeLa cells. Her cells have been vital to many medical advances but her family received no compensation. This raises questions about informed consent and who should benefit from medical research using patients' cells. While laws now require permission, Henrietta Lacks' case highlighted the need for clear bioethical guidelines regarding human tissue research and its commercial applications.
Christopher Korch has identified hundreds of widely used cell lines that are contaminated with other cell types. He estimates that around 20% of cell lines are contaminated. Korch has quantified the impact of two contaminated cell lines, HEp-2 and INT-407, which are actually composed of cancerous HeLa cells but have been used to study other tissue types. HEp-2 has been used in over 5,700 publications referring to laryngeal cancer, while INT-407 has been used in over 1,300 publications referring to normal intestine. Korch estimates the total citations influenced by these misidentified lines could be over 200,000. The estimated costs of the original research on these lines is $713 million, with an
Scientists have discovered new ways to trap and kill the malaria parasite. Researchers found that blocking the pore through which the parasite communicates with the outside of red blood cells fatally imprisons the parasite, preventing it from stealing resources and eliminating waste. Separate research identified a protein that guides folding and unfolding of parasite proteins, and blocking this protein could prevent transmission through the pore. Stem cell scientists have also developed a method to track gene expression in specific cell types in the kidneys of rats to better understand acute kidney injury and identify early signs of damage.
The document discusses some of the challenges in communicating science to non-scientists. It notes that the language of science can be difficult for non-experts to understand and provides examples of scientific terms that could be misunderstood. It also examines how science is portrayed in the media and discusses how this coverage can oversimplify scientific concepts and findings in ways that lead to misunderstandings.
Wagner College Forum for Undergraduate Research, Vol. 15 No. 1Wagner College
This document provides an introduction and summaries of papers presented in the Wagner Forum for Undergraduate Research journal. It discusses the purpose of the journal in publishing student research and outlines the sections and types of papers included. Abstracts are provided for 10 studies presented at the Eastern Colleges Science Conference on topics ranging from bacterial infections in zebrafish to the effects of plant extracts on bacteria. Full papers are summarized on detecting proteins in flatworm genomes and the benefits of diversity in corporate management.
Wagner College Forum for Undergraduate Research, Vol. 17 No. 1Wagner College
The Fall 2018 issue contains abstracts by Kevin Lipton, John Acquaviva, Lejla Bolevic, Anna Cios, Lauren Taibi, Samantha Susi & Jack Leighton, Mara Mineo, Tamar Amirov & Vinh Phuong, Kelsey Savje & Domenick Palmieri, Oskar Sundberg & Iireyel Gittens, Ellen Reidy, Derek Avery, Zachary Pandorf & Michelle Hernandez, Piper Skinner, Matthew Barreto & Victor Ruan, Monica Valero and Gent Prelvukaj. It also contains articles by Adam O’Brien, Cathryn Cantyne, Claire Johnson & Jacqueline Otake, Jordan Gonzales, Jacquelyn Thorsen, John Badagliacca, Elena Rotzokou, Ethan Meyer and Glen MacDonald.
Henrietta Lacks' cells were taken without her permission in 1951 and used to create the first immortal human cell line, known as HeLa cells. Her cells have been vital to many medical advances but her family received no compensation. This raises questions about informed consent and who should benefit from medical research using patients' cells. While laws now require permission, Henrietta Lacks' case highlighted the need for clear bioethical guidelines regarding human tissue research and its commercial applications.
AZT: How an abandoned drug found new life as an important AIDS/HIV treatmentFirhan Malik
In the 1960's, a drug that inhibited the replication of viruses was discovered. Researchers hoped this could be a therapy for cancer caused by retroviruses. Unfortunately, the drug failed in animal models, and was abandoned. In the early 1980's, the HIV virus was found to be the cause of AIDS, a devastating and fatal disease. This document by Mark Yarchoan explains how the abandoned drug AZT found new life as an important treatment for patients with AIDS. AZT changed the very nature of the diagnosis and health of these patients.
The study aims to determine how human demographics and environmental factors shape the development of microbial communities in hospitals. Samples will be collected daily from patient rooms, staff, surfaces and air/water sources for a year from a newly opened hospital. The data will help understand how microbial succession occurs and how prior occupants influence colonization by pathogens. Quantitative PCR and sequencing will identify microbes, with analyses predicting community changes from environmental shifts.
Xenotransplantation involves transplanting organs or tissues from other animal species into humans as a way to address the shortage of human organs available for transplant. While research in this area is progressing, there are still concerns about immune rejection and the potential transmission of animal diseases to humans. Several biotech and pharmaceutical companies have active xenotransplantation programs focused on developing methods to prevent rejection and testing the use of pig organs in clinical trials. Regulatory agencies in the US and UK are providing oversight and guidance on clinical research in this emerging field.
Xenotransplantation involves transplanting cells, tissues or organs from animals to humans to address the shortage of human donor organs. The first type attempted was concordant xenotransplantation using organs from primates similar to humans. However, discordant xenotransplantation using organs from pigs is more promising due to similarities in organ size and physiology. Major barriers to xenotransplantation success are hyperacute rejection within minutes due to pre-existing antibodies, acute vascular rejection within days or weeks, and cellular rejection as T-cells recognize the foreign antigens. Strategies to overcome these barriers include genetically modifying pigs to eliminate antigen triggers, depleting antibodies in recipients, and inducing donor-specific tolerance through bone marrow chimerism. Another
Sci am special online issue 2003.no09 - germ warsDholon Paul
This document summarizes the advances in antiviral drugs that have occurred due to viral genomics and new drug discovery techniques. It describes how sequencing viral genomes has allowed researchers to identify new targets for antiviral drugs, such as specific viral proteins. It provides examples of drug discovery strategies that target different stages of the viral lifecycle, such as attachment to cells or viral replication. The document indicates that dozens of new antiviral therapies have been developed and hundreds more are in development to treat viruses like HIV, hepatitis, and herpes.
Xenotransplantation involves transplanting organs or cells between different species, such as using pig organs for human transplantation. Researchers are investigating this approach due to severe shortage of human organs. While early attempts date back to the 17th century, significant challenges remain like preventing rejection of non-human tissues. Pigs are a promising donor due to similarities in organ size and lack of risk for human viruses, but the immune system must be overcome to avoid attacking the foreign pig cells and antigens. Future research continues to address these biological barriers through genetic engineering and immunosuppression in order to potentially help thousands awaiting lifesaving transplants.
This document outlines a proposed experimental design to study the development of microbial communities in a hospital setting. It involves daily sampling from patient rooms, staff, and surfaces over the course of a year to determine how human demographics and environmental factors shape the microbiome. Key hypotheses focus on how microbial succession is driven by occupancy and influenced by existing communities. Quantitative analysis of samples using DNA sequencing aims to identify sources and patterns of contamination over time.
1) Researchers sequenced the genome of "Coxiella-like endosymbiont of Amblyomma americanum" (CLEAA), a bacterium that lives within the lone star tick.
2) Analysis of the CLEAA genome revealed it contains pathways for biosynthesis of many vitamins and cofactors that are scarce in vertebrate blood. This suggests CLEAA plays a role in providing nutrients to the tick.
3) CLEAA is highly prevalent within the lone star tick and is closely related to Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, but does not appear to be directly derived from it. In contrast to C. burnetii, CLE
The document discusses two scientific discoveries and their potential medical applications. The first is the discovery of unknown viruses in fish DNA by researchers at Oxford University, which could help identify new viruses and prevent future outbreaks. The second is the finding by University of Seville researchers that chromatin plays a role in genome instability and cancer risk by influencing DNA mutations. Understanding these cancer mechanisms could lead to improved treatments that are less aggressive than current options. Both discoveries have the potential for significant medical benefits if further research can unlock their applications.
A new source of magnetic nanoparticles_ _ I, Science_AhmedAhmed ElGendy
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University believe they have found a viable rare earth-free magnetic material called cobalt iron carbide (CoFeC) that maintains its magnetic properties over time. As China controls 95% of the world's rare earth supply and has been driving prices up, this provides an alternative. The material could be useful for applications like targeted drug delivery and competing in the market now China's illegal trade practices are being phased out.
The document summarizes a study that used UV/CO2 traps in an attempt to capture Triatoma sanguisuga, the vector of Chagas disease, in Rutherford County, Tennessee. Traps were placed near potential mammalian hosts and had electricity access. Although no T. sanguisuga were captured, one Reduviid bug and many mosquitoes were collected, including disease vectors like Culex and Aedes. While the traps were ineffective for T. sanguisuga, continued monitoring or targeting established infestations may have been more successful.
http://www.pathologycancun2015.org/ Slides from my talk at the World Association of Societies of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in Cancun, Mexico., November 21, 2015.
This document discusses vector-borne diseases in Indonesia and the need for updated documentation and understanding of vector mosquito behaviors and diversity. It notes that many epidemiological and entomological records for Indonesia are outdated. Molecular identification methods are helping address issues with morphological identification of cryptic species complexes. The document presents data on mosquito collection times that can help inform vector control strategies like bed nets and indoor residual spraying. It advocates for vector incrimination studies and evaluation of new sampling methods to improve understanding of disease transmission.
This document discusses antibody engineering and xenotransplantation. It defines an antibody and explains how they are engineered at the molecular level to achieve specific functions. It also defines xenotransplantation as transplanting cells, tissues or organs between different species. The document provides a history of xenotransplantation attempts dating back to the 17th century and discusses challenges like rejection and diseases that can be transmitted from pigs to humans. It also discusses some proposed solutions to issues like interrupting the complement cascade or using genetically engineered pigs. The document concludes by discussing some ethical issues regarding xenotransplantation related to religion, animal rights, and arguments for the practice.
A survey on the ectoparasites and haemoparasites ofAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the ectoparasites and haemoparasites of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) reared under captive conditions. Ten grasscutters were examined for ectoparasites by brushing their fur and for haemoparasites through blood smear analysis. Three ectoparasite species were identified: Ixodes aulacodi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and Xenopsylla cheopis fleas. Ixodes aulacodi had the highest prevalence at 50%. Two haemoparasite species were found: Plasmodium and Trypanosoma, each at 10% prevalence. The anterior body regions of
1. The steps involved in solving a biological problem using malaria as an example are: making observations about the disease, forming a hypothesis about its cause, deducing predictions from the hypothesis, experimentally testing those predictions, and drawing a conclusion.
2. For malaria, early observations were that it was associated with marshes and quinine treated it. The hypothesis was that Plasmodium caused it, deduced to be found in malaria patients' blood. Experiments showed Plasmodium in almost all malaria patients' blood, supporting the hypothesis.
3. For how Plasmodium enters the human body, observations noted malaria's association with marshes but not drinking marsh water. The hypothesis was that mosquitoes
The document provides guidelines and information on xenotransplantation. It discusses the concept of xenotransplantation, using animal organs or tissues for human transplantation to address organ shortages. The history of xenotransplantation is reviewed, noting early attempts dating back to the 1600s using animal bone and skin for human grafts. Guidelines from the Indian Council of Medical Research on experimental xenotransplantation are presented, focusing on oversight, long-term studies, and case-by-case approval. Recent research efforts led by George Church are also summarized, using CRISPR gene editing to modify pig embryos in an attempt to eliminate viruses and reduce immune response when transplanting pig organs into humans.
Investigación con embriones humanos ¿sí o noseminary
This document provides a summary of a book that discusses the findings from the examination of "Lindow Man", a well-preserved bog body discovered in 1984 in the UK. A multi-disciplinary team of 35 experts studied Lindow Man to learn about Iron Age people in northwest Europe. They found that Lindow Man was 168 cm tall, had type O blood, and had been killed through garotting and stabbing. Carbon dating of the body provided conflicting dates between 100 AD and 400 AD. The examination provided new insights into the lives and deaths of people from that time period.
CDC July 2009 Selected Zoonotic Diseases Conference Callgoa4
This document provides an overview of a conference call on selected zoonotic diseases that took place on July 1, 2009. It lists the speakers on various topics including psittacosis, E. coli sharing between dogs and owners, MRSA and pets, and new ACIP recommendations regarding rabies vaccination. It also summarizes updates to the Compendium of Measures to Control Chlamydophila psittaci Infection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), including discouraged antibiotic treatment, emphasis on doxycycline treatment, and new testing methodologies.
The document summarizes changes to BP's internal control and SOX compliance processes for 2008. It announces that CET owners will no longer be required to perform self-assessments or make annual assertions about control design and effectiveness. Instead, a new Control Advisory & Review team will test 100% of controls, and CET owners will sign off only on maintaining control documentation and reporting issues. It provides dates for upcoming webcasts and a timeline of key 2008 activities.
AZT: How an abandoned drug found new life as an important AIDS/HIV treatmentFirhan Malik
In the 1960's, a drug that inhibited the replication of viruses was discovered. Researchers hoped this could be a therapy for cancer caused by retroviruses. Unfortunately, the drug failed in animal models, and was abandoned. In the early 1980's, the HIV virus was found to be the cause of AIDS, a devastating and fatal disease. This document by Mark Yarchoan explains how the abandoned drug AZT found new life as an important treatment for patients with AIDS. AZT changed the very nature of the diagnosis and health of these patients.
The study aims to determine how human demographics and environmental factors shape the development of microbial communities in hospitals. Samples will be collected daily from patient rooms, staff, surfaces and air/water sources for a year from a newly opened hospital. The data will help understand how microbial succession occurs and how prior occupants influence colonization by pathogens. Quantitative PCR and sequencing will identify microbes, with analyses predicting community changes from environmental shifts.
Xenotransplantation involves transplanting organs or tissues from other animal species into humans as a way to address the shortage of human organs available for transplant. While research in this area is progressing, there are still concerns about immune rejection and the potential transmission of animal diseases to humans. Several biotech and pharmaceutical companies have active xenotransplantation programs focused on developing methods to prevent rejection and testing the use of pig organs in clinical trials. Regulatory agencies in the US and UK are providing oversight and guidance on clinical research in this emerging field.
Xenotransplantation involves transplanting cells, tissues or organs from animals to humans to address the shortage of human donor organs. The first type attempted was concordant xenotransplantation using organs from primates similar to humans. However, discordant xenotransplantation using organs from pigs is more promising due to similarities in organ size and physiology. Major barriers to xenotransplantation success are hyperacute rejection within minutes due to pre-existing antibodies, acute vascular rejection within days or weeks, and cellular rejection as T-cells recognize the foreign antigens. Strategies to overcome these barriers include genetically modifying pigs to eliminate antigen triggers, depleting antibodies in recipients, and inducing donor-specific tolerance through bone marrow chimerism. Another
Sci am special online issue 2003.no09 - germ warsDholon Paul
This document summarizes the advances in antiviral drugs that have occurred due to viral genomics and new drug discovery techniques. It describes how sequencing viral genomes has allowed researchers to identify new targets for antiviral drugs, such as specific viral proteins. It provides examples of drug discovery strategies that target different stages of the viral lifecycle, such as attachment to cells or viral replication. The document indicates that dozens of new antiviral therapies have been developed and hundreds more are in development to treat viruses like HIV, hepatitis, and herpes.
Xenotransplantation involves transplanting organs or cells between different species, such as using pig organs for human transplantation. Researchers are investigating this approach due to severe shortage of human organs. While early attempts date back to the 17th century, significant challenges remain like preventing rejection of non-human tissues. Pigs are a promising donor due to similarities in organ size and lack of risk for human viruses, but the immune system must be overcome to avoid attacking the foreign pig cells and antigens. Future research continues to address these biological barriers through genetic engineering and immunosuppression in order to potentially help thousands awaiting lifesaving transplants.
This document outlines a proposed experimental design to study the development of microbial communities in a hospital setting. It involves daily sampling from patient rooms, staff, and surfaces over the course of a year to determine how human demographics and environmental factors shape the microbiome. Key hypotheses focus on how microbial succession is driven by occupancy and influenced by existing communities. Quantitative analysis of samples using DNA sequencing aims to identify sources and patterns of contamination over time.
1) Researchers sequenced the genome of "Coxiella-like endosymbiont of Amblyomma americanum" (CLEAA), a bacterium that lives within the lone star tick.
2) Analysis of the CLEAA genome revealed it contains pathways for biosynthesis of many vitamins and cofactors that are scarce in vertebrate blood. This suggests CLEAA plays a role in providing nutrients to the tick.
3) CLEAA is highly prevalent within the lone star tick and is closely related to Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, but does not appear to be directly derived from it. In contrast to C. burnetii, CLE
The document discusses two scientific discoveries and their potential medical applications. The first is the discovery of unknown viruses in fish DNA by researchers at Oxford University, which could help identify new viruses and prevent future outbreaks. The second is the finding by University of Seville researchers that chromatin plays a role in genome instability and cancer risk by influencing DNA mutations. Understanding these cancer mechanisms could lead to improved treatments that are less aggressive than current options. Both discoveries have the potential for significant medical benefits if further research can unlock their applications.
A new source of magnetic nanoparticles_ _ I, Science_AhmedAhmed ElGendy
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University believe they have found a viable rare earth-free magnetic material called cobalt iron carbide (CoFeC) that maintains its magnetic properties over time. As China controls 95% of the world's rare earth supply and has been driving prices up, this provides an alternative. The material could be useful for applications like targeted drug delivery and competing in the market now China's illegal trade practices are being phased out.
The document summarizes a study that used UV/CO2 traps in an attempt to capture Triatoma sanguisuga, the vector of Chagas disease, in Rutherford County, Tennessee. Traps were placed near potential mammalian hosts and had electricity access. Although no T. sanguisuga were captured, one Reduviid bug and many mosquitoes were collected, including disease vectors like Culex and Aedes. While the traps were ineffective for T. sanguisuga, continued monitoring or targeting established infestations may have been more successful.
http://www.pathologycancun2015.org/ Slides from my talk at the World Association of Societies of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in Cancun, Mexico., November 21, 2015.
This document discusses vector-borne diseases in Indonesia and the need for updated documentation and understanding of vector mosquito behaviors and diversity. It notes that many epidemiological and entomological records for Indonesia are outdated. Molecular identification methods are helping address issues with morphological identification of cryptic species complexes. The document presents data on mosquito collection times that can help inform vector control strategies like bed nets and indoor residual spraying. It advocates for vector incrimination studies and evaluation of new sampling methods to improve understanding of disease transmission.
This document discusses antibody engineering and xenotransplantation. It defines an antibody and explains how they are engineered at the molecular level to achieve specific functions. It also defines xenotransplantation as transplanting cells, tissues or organs between different species. The document provides a history of xenotransplantation attempts dating back to the 17th century and discusses challenges like rejection and diseases that can be transmitted from pigs to humans. It also discusses some proposed solutions to issues like interrupting the complement cascade or using genetically engineered pigs. The document concludes by discussing some ethical issues regarding xenotransplantation related to religion, animal rights, and arguments for the practice.
A survey on the ectoparasites and haemoparasites ofAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the ectoparasites and haemoparasites of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) reared under captive conditions. Ten grasscutters were examined for ectoparasites by brushing their fur and for haemoparasites through blood smear analysis. Three ectoparasite species were identified: Ixodes aulacodi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and Xenopsylla cheopis fleas. Ixodes aulacodi had the highest prevalence at 50%. Two haemoparasite species were found: Plasmodium and Trypanosoma, each at 10% prevalence. The anterior body regions of
1. The steps involved in solving a biological problem using malaria as an example are: making observations about the disease, forming a hypothesis about its cause, deducing predictions from the hypothesis, experimentally testing those predictions, and drawing a conclusion.
2. For malaria, early observations were that it was associated with marshes and quinine treated it. The hypothesis was that Plasmodium caused it, deduced to be found in malaria patients' blood. Experiments showed Plasmodium in almost all malaria patients' blood, supporting the hypothesis.
3. For how Plasmodium enters the human body, observations noted malaria's association with marshes but not drinking marsh water. The hypothesis was that mosquitoes
The document provides guidelines and information on xenotransplantation. It discusses the concept of xenotransplantation, using animal organs or tissues for human transplantation to address organ shortages. The history of xenotransplantation is reviewed, noting early attempts dating back to the 1600s using animal bone and skin for human grafts. Guidelines from the Indian Council of Medical Research on experimental xenotransplantation are presented, focusing on oversight, long-term studies, and case-by-case approval. Recent research efforts led by George Church are also summarized, using CRISPR gene editing to modify pig embryos in an attempt to eliminate viruses and reduce immune response when transplanting pig organs into humans.
Investigación con embriones humanos ¿sí o noseminary
This document provides a summary of a book that discusses the findings from the examination of "Lindow Man", a well-preserved bog body discovered in 1984 in the UK. A multi-disciplinary team of 35 experts studied Lindow Man to learn about Iron Age people in northwest Europe. They found that Lindow Man was 168 cm tall, had type O blood, and had been killed through garotting and stabbing. Carbon dating of the body provided conflicting dates between 100 AD and 400 AD. The examination provided new insights into the lives and deaths of people from that time period.
CDC July 2009 Selected Zoonotic Diseases Conference Callgoa4
This document provides an overview of a conference call on selected zoonotic diseases that took place on July 1, 2009. It lists the speakers on various topics including psittacosis, E. coli sharing between dogs and owners, MRSA and pets, and new ACIP recommendations regarding rabies vaccination. It also summarizes updates to the Compendium of Measures to Control Chlamydophila psittaci Infection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), including discouraged antibiotic treatment, emphasis on doxycycline treatment, and new testing methodologies.
The document summarizes changes to BP's internal control and SOX compliance processes for 2008. It announces that CET owners will no longer be required to perform self-assessments or make annual assertions about control design and effectiveness. Instead, a new Control Advisory & Review team will test 100% of controls, and CET owners will sign off only on maintaining control documentation and reporting issues. It provides dates for upcoming webcasts and a timeline of key 2008 activities.
Este documento presenta un cuaderno de experimentos de química para secundaria. Incluye 10 experimentos sobre temas como la clasificación de sustancias de laboratorio, las propiedades específicas y generales de la materia, el uso de una balanza granataria, la formación de mezclas homogéneas y heterogéneas, los fenómenos físicos y químicos, las sustancias ácidas y alcalinas, los cambios de estado de la materia, las partes por millón y los tipos de disoluciones. El objet
Our vision is to create life-long and expanding success in the area of wealth, education, joy and experience of accomplishment for our staff members, customers, vendors, partners, all other stake holders and their family members. For more information Visit www.cgsinfotech.com
This document describes the inputs for a hydraulics software demo kit. The demo kit includes sensor inputs for 4 analog/current signals including two pressure inputs, one flow input, and one temperature input. It also includes 3 digital/on-off input points.
El documento contiene los datos personales de 5 individuos, incluyendo su nombre completo, lugar y fecha de nacimiento, estado civil, domicilio, ocupación y contactos. Proporciona información básica sobre Jhonny Mauricio Mendriz, Carlos Andrés Pérez, Juan Camilo Rojas, Andrés José Toro y Brayan Josué Gonzales.
La exploración del espacio comenzó en 1957 con el lanzamiento del Sputnik 1 por la Unión Soviética y el Explorer 1 por Estados Unidos al año siguiente. Desde entonces, más de 1,600 naves espaciales han sido lanzadas, la mayoría a la órbita terrestre, mejorando las comunicaciones, predicción del tiempo, navegación y reconocimiento de la Tierra. Doce hombres han caminado sobre la Luna, mientras que sondas han visitado Marte, Venus y los planetas exteriores, y han estudiado cometas.
Scott Killingsworth developed debilitating reactions to common chemicals after being exposed to an organophosphate pesticide at work. His condition, known as toxicant-induced loss of tolerance (TILT), causes him to react severely to very low levels of chemicals. Research has validated chemical sensitivity as a real medical condition driven by changes in the brain and immune system that lower one's tolerance to a wide range of substances. Studies have found that over 20% of people with chronic illnesses also exhibit some degree of chemical intolerance and may be at risk of developing severe TILT after toxic exposures.
This document provides summaries of various blogs across different categories:
- Three technological blogs summarized are How-To Geek for tech help articles, GigaOM for news on emerging technologies and startups, and ZDNet for general tech news including on companies like Apple, Microsoft, and Google.
- Three business/finance blogs summarized are Econbrowser which covers macroeconomic issues, Dealbreaker which humorously reports on Wall Street, and Calculated Risk which concisely summarizes key economic data and developments.
- Three entertainment blogs summarized are Brownstoner for news across Brooklyn, Brooklyn Vegan for music scene coverage and event listings, and Time Out New York for comprehensive listings of things to do in New York
Учнівський проект на тему: «В моїй родині ніхто не забутий»
Виконала:
учениця 9 класу Черчецької загальноосвітньої школи І-ІІІ ступенів Пелехацька Олеся Вікторівна
Вчитель історії та правознавства: Навроцька Наталія Миколаївна
The document discusses the challenges freelancers face in finding consistent work and leads, noting that freelancers must pay for leads with either time or money. It then provides metrics on the growth of a service called Freelance Inbox, which sends subscribers leads over email. However, Freelance Inbox faces challenges in spreading awareness of the service to more freelancers, helping freelancers effectively use the leads provided, creating a wider community around the service, and committing sufficient time to the project.
Una supernova es una explosión estelar extremadamente brillante que puede durar desde semanas hasta meses, inicialmente se llamaban novas pero luego se les agregó el prefijo "súper" para distinguirlas de explosiones menos luminosas; las supernovas comienzan con un rápido aumento de brillo hasta alcanzar un pico máximo y luego su luminosidad disminuye gradualmente hasta desaparecer.
Este documento describe los conceptos de posicionamiento, potencial de mercado, pronóstico de ventas y métodos para pronosticar las ventas. Explica que el posicionamiento es cómo los clientes actuales y futuros ven un producto en relación con la competencia. Luego define el potencial de mercado, potencial de ventas y cómo difieren del pronóstico de ventas, el cual calcula las ventas probables de acuerdo a un plan de marketing específico. Finalmente, resume varios métodos para pronosticar las ventas como encuestas de intenciones de consumidores
PR Nagesh Naidu is seeking a challenging position in operations, projects, dealership development, or the automobile/material handling equipment fields. He has 27 years of experience, including as Chief Manager of Operations at a material handling equipment dealership where he helped establish the company and lead it to profitability. He is a qualified mechanical engineer with an MBA and has strong leadership, communication, and problem-solving skills.
Un pavo real visita el mundo de los pingüinos. Los pingüinos se sorprenden de las plumas coloridas del pavo real, ya que ellos son negros y blancos. A pesar de sus diferencias, el pavo real y los pingüinos aprenden a aceptarse el uno al otro.
This document discusses the work of Otto Warburg, Eugene Blass, and William Koch regarding cancer and its prime cause. Warburg won two Nobel Prizes for his discoveries about cell respiration and enzymes. He stated the prime cause of cancer is impaired respiration in cells, causing them to ferment sugar instead. Blass clinically verified Warburg's work and advocated keeping cells saturated with oxygen. Koch presented work on free radicals and their role in disease pathogenesis and correction. The document argues that maintaining high oxygen levels in blood and cells could prevent cancer by keeping respiration intact.
Henrietta Lacks' cervical cancer cells, taken without her consent in 1951, were the first human cells successfully cloned. Known as HeLa cells, they have been invaluable for medical research, including the development of the polio vaccine and cancer treatments. However, Lacks' family did not find out about her immortal cells for decades and were never compensated for the cell line's contributions, which generated billions in profits. Her story highlights the ethical issues around informed consent and benefit-sharing that are still grappled with today in medical research involving human cells and tissue.
Clinical microbiology and molecular techniquesIndhra Yogaesh
Molecular biology is the science of biomolecules. Even though the term “biomolecules” includes all molecules such as proteins, fatty acids etc, it is refers to nucleic acid these days.
The application of molecular technology in medicine is almost endless, some of the applications of molecular methods are:
1. Classification of organism based on genetic relatedness (genotyping)
2. Identification and confirmation of isolate obtained from culture
3. Early detection of pathogens in clinical specimen
4. Rapid detection of antibiotic resistance
5. Detection of mutations
6. Differentiation of toxigenic from non-toxigenic strains
7. Detection of microorganisms that lose viability during transport, impossible, dangerous and costly
to culture, grow slowly or present in extremely small numbers in clinical specimen
8. Apart from their role in microbiology, these techniques can also be used in identifying
abnormalities in human and forensic medicine.
- Biomedical engineering combines engineering and technology to address biological and medical problems. It has potential for remarkable medical advances but is also controversial as some see its practices as immoral.
- Both positive and negative aspects exist, such as developing new medical tools but also raising ethical concerns about playing God or using embryonic stem cells which require embryo destruction.
- Stem cell research has potential to treat many conditions but also causes moral dilemmas due to the sources of stem cells, particularly embryonic stem cells which require embryo destruction.
Is Cancer a Genetic Disease? | The Cancer Genome Atlas Project ResultsMarkSloan21
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Today we’re going to put the genetic theory of cancer to the test to find out once-and-for-all if cancer is a genetic disease. From studies on frog egg tumor transplants, to cybrids to the cancer genome atlas project, we're going to look deep into the evidence and see what we find.
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Various life forms can develop cancer, including sea lions, birds, green turtles, sharks, mice, beluga whales, and the South African clawed toad. Cancer rates have increased in some species like green turtles and beluga whales, possibly due to pollution. While some animals rarely develop tumors, like the South African clawed toad, others like sea lions and birds have higher risks depending on genetics and lifestyle factors. Studies on mice may help develop prostate cancer vaccines for humans. Spider venom is also being researched for its potential to destroy breast cancer cells.
Kim Solez Renal transplant pathology and future perspectivesKim Solez ,
Dr. Kim Solez presents "Renal transplant pathology and future perspectives" as a TTS webinar on Dec. 8 at noon EST . Includes discussion of the new discipline of tissue engineering pathology. https://www.tts.org/education/advanced-renal-transplantation
This document summarizes research on the topic of cloning. It discusses what cloning is, the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, potential applications and drawbacks of therapeutic cloning including using stem cells to treat disease, and the various ethical issues surrounding human cloning research. The document also notes that while some claims of human cloning have been made, there is currently no scientific evidence that humans have been successfully cloned.
The document summarizes research from the Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB) at the University of Illinois. It describes several projects that revealed new insights by reexamining familiar topics with improved tools and approaches. Princess Imoukhuede developed new techniques to identify cancer cell subpopulations to enable more personalized cancer treatments. A collaboration found that a small group of bees do most of the work in a hive, challenging assumptions about bee industriousness. James O'Dwyer improved an ecological model inspired by Lewis Carroll's Red Queen to better understand species evolution over long time periods. Hyunjoon Kong created a self-folding hydrogel that can slowly release drugs for tissue regeneration in a controlled manner, mimicking
This document provides a history of discoveries related to DNA from 1859 to 1950. Some of the key events and discoveries discussed include:
- In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, introducing the theory of evolution by natural selection.
- In 1866, Gregor Mendel discovered the basic principles of genetics by studying inherited traits in pea plants and coined the terms "dominant" and "recessive".
- In 1869, Friedrich Miescher isolated a substance he called "nuclein" from white blood cells, which we now know as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
- In 1900, Mendel's work was rediscovered and his theories gained acceptance, laying the
Groundbreaking Czech Chemist Antonin Holy Dies at Age 75: Radio Prague Intern...BoylstonReview
"The work of the acclaimed Czech chemist has improved the lives of millions suffering from HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and may other viral diseases." He died two months after the U.S. FDA approved a major new drug combination based on his work, Truvada, developed by Gilead Sciences for the treatment of HIV. Named in article:
Antonin Holy
Czech Academy of Sciences
Vaclav Paces
Erik De Clercq
Michael Riordan
Gilead Sciences
Article by Christian Falvey
Cell culture refers to growing cells outside of their natural environment in an artificial setting. Some key developments in cell culture include Wilhelm Roux demonstrating maintenance of living cells outside the body in saline buffer in 1885, and Ross Granville Harrison developing the first techniques of cell culture in vitro using frog embryonic tissue in 1907. In the 1920s, composition of salt solutions was formulated for cell cultures. The first cell line, called the "L cell line", was established by Earle in 1948 using cells from mouse tissue. Hayflick and Moorhead defined the finite lifespan of normal human cells in 1961. Cell culture remains an important tool in biomedical research today.
This document discusses the HeLa cell line, which was derived from cancerous cervical tumor cells taken from Henrietta Lacks in 1951 without her consent. Her cells were the first immortalized human cell line and were a major breakthrough as they could be kept alive and proliferate in laboratory cultures. This enabled numerous scientific milestones and advances, including the development of the polio vaccine. HeLa cells have since been extensively used in medical research, with over 20 tons of the cells grown and 11,000 patents involving them. However, Henrietta Lacks' family did not learn about her immortalized cells being used for research until the 1970s, raising ethical issues around informed consent and commercialization of human cells.
This article discusses the work and theories of evolutionary biologist Paul Ewald. Ewald argues that many chronic diseases like some forms of heart disease, cancer, and mental illness are caused by infections, contrary to prevailing medical views. He believes evolutionary principles dictate that pathogens evolve to become more or less virulent depending on factors like their mode of transmission. His work studying cholera outbreaks in Latin America provides evidence that virulence can be influenced by public health interventions like water sanitation. Ewald's "Germ Theory, Part II" proposes that infectious agents are likely causes of common illnesses that have significant negative impacts on fitness and have persisted in human populations for generations. His theories have influenced the field of evolutionary medicine but have also faced some
20 significantly Brave Leaders who contributed to Medicine | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
This document profiles 20 leaders who have significantly contributed to medicine. It describes their accomplishments and impact, including being the first woman to receive an MD degree (Elizabeth Blackwell), discovering the structure of DNA (Rosalind Franklin), developing radioimmunoassay technology (Rosalyn Yalow), discovering nitric oxide signaling (Louis Ignarro), pioneering organ transplantation (Sir Roy Calne), discovering HIV as the cause of AIDS (Francoise Barré-Sinoussi), and more. These leaders advanced fields like genetics, cancer research, transplant medicine, and virology through their pioneering studies.
Alfred Knudson developed the two-hit hypothesis for cancer causation in 1971 to explain hereditary and non-hereditary retinoblastoma. The hypothesis proposed that cancer results from two mutations, with hereditary cancer requiring one mutation inherited in all cells and non-hereditary cancer requiring two spontaneous mutations. This anticipated the discovery of tumor suppressor genes. Later work extended the two-hit model to other childhood cancers and carcinomas. Currently, Knudson's research focuses on using knowledge of hereditary cancers to develop chemoprevention strategies by targeting early somatic events in high-risk individuals.
This presentation explores modern cloning, a brief history of cloning, uses for cloning technology, cloning laws, and connections between current cloning and Cloud Atlas.
The document discusses human cloning and presents arguments for and against it. It notes that cloning could undermine individuality and that women may be at risk of miscarriages or birth defects from cloned fetuses. The document also discusses ethical concerns about destroying human embryos for research and that reproductive cloning is not yet medically safe based on animal studies. In conclusion, the author is against human cloning due to risks to mothers and embryos and a loss of individuality.
Is Human Reproductive Cloning Morally Permissible?Gwynne Brunet
The subject of human reproductive cloning is a complicated one which contains many issues that need to be understood, and considered; before a course of action can be taken. In regards to cloning, any decision that will be agreed upon, in our distant future, will not be simply black and white, but instead it will be a colorful array of restrictions, rules, laws, supervision, and ethical standards. In this paper, I will evaluate the facts, and determine, through moral reasoning, whether human reproductive cloning is morally permissible.